Naoum P. Issa - US grants

(1) Summary: the goal of this project is to define the mechanisms by which input from the retina and LGN directs the postnatal development of orientation selectivity in the ferret. This will be accomplished by (1) blocking retinal output with tetrodotoxin during development and (2) preventing axons from the LGN from reaching the cortex by destroying the cortical subplate. Following recovery from these manipulations,their effetcts will be assessed by optical and single unit recordings in the adult accompanied by an assessment of alterations in the cortical anatomy. The goal will be to describe disruptions in the normal corresponding physiological changes in neural response properties.

Project Summary/Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a uniformly fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by neuronal death in the motor system, both in the brain and spinal cord. It results in progressive weakness throughout the body, with death typically from respiratory failure within 3 years of symptom onset. Therapy initiation and drug development are hindered, in part, by the lack of quantitative biomarkers for the disease. In the proposed project a multi-center study will be carried out to validate and further characterize a potential biomarker for ALS, known as intermuscular coherence (IMC). IMC measures the correlation of activity between two muscles and represents the shared input to the muscles from motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. In vivo studies in both non-human primates and humans suggest that IMC in the range of 15-40 Hz (?-to-? frequencies) represents input to muscle pairs from upper motor neurons. When motor neurons in the brain are damaged, as happens in ALS, IMC decreases in the ?? frequency range. In a preliminary report we showed that patients with ALS have lower IMC in the ?? range than do age- and sex-matched control subjects. Because the measurement of IMC is quick, non-invasive, painless, and requires only equipment found in standard clinical neurophysiology labs, the method, if validated, would be an important biomarker for ALS. Proposed is a multi-center validation study of IMC in the clinical environment. First, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the biomarker will be determined in patients who present to neurology clinic for an initial evaluation when ALS is suspected. In order to provide the most specificity, the distribution of IMC values will be characterized in neurotypical subjects across several demographic subgroups. Finally, IMC will be monitored over time in patients with ALS to determine how IMC changes with ALS disease progression. Preliminary data suggest that IMC could be a useful biomarker for diagnosing ALS, allowing differentiation of ALS from ALS-mimic disorders, and that it can be used to objectively monitor the progression of ALS over time. A multi-center study to test the validity of these preliminary findings is important before this method can be implemented to speed diagnosis and provide faster access to treatments of ALS for patients.