Area:
Neuroethology, Hearing in Insects
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High-probability grants
According to our matching algorithm, David Yager is the likely recipient of the following grants.
Years |
Recipients |
Code |
Title / Keywords |
Matching score |
1992 — 2004 |
Yager, David D |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. R29Activity Code Description: Undocumented code - click on the grant title for more information. |
Phylogeny and Ontogeny of An Auditory System @ University of Maryland College Pk Campus
This research seeks to discover what changes occur in the sensory periphery and the CNS during the evolutionary transition between deaf and hearing animals. Do new processing circuits arise specifically for hearing? Or are existing circuits modified somehow? What is the underlying mechanoreceptive CNS substrate for hearing? We propose to use an insect system as a model with which to answer these questions. The praying mantis is unique in possessing a single, ultrasound-sensitive ear in the ventral midline of the body, and the CNS terminations of the tympanal nerve are different from those in any other insect. Using both comparative (phylogenetic) and developmental (ontogenetic) strategies, we will trace the origins of the mantis auditory system, especially the central components, for comparison with other orthopteroid insects, both hearing and deaf. We will anatomically and neurophysiologically contrast hearing animals with primitively and secondarily deaf mantises, and also with species that have evolved a second, serially homologous ear. We will define nymphal changes in structure and function of the mantis ear. Immunohistochemical techniques will allow comparison of the embryological development of the mantis ear with that of a deaf outgroup, the cockroaches. The two parallel research paths will converge on the precursors of the mantis auditory system and the processes leading to audition.
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0.946 |
1998 — 2003 |
Yager, David |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Integration of Wind and Sound Cues in the Bat Evasion System of Praying Mantises @ University of Maryland College Park
LAY ABSTRACT IBN-98-8859 Integration of wind and sound sensory cues in the evasion system. For an animal under sudden attack by a predator, quick reaction is crucial. Even in the fastest evasive behaviors, integration of information from different sensory modalities may also be essential for behavior appropriate to the specific threat, yet this multimodal integration has rarely been studied behaviorally, and has never been examined in some seminal neuroethological systems. Bats use ultrasonic echolocation to home in on insect prey; some insects have evolved sensory systems and evasive behaviors to help them escape capture. Praying mantises have a cyclopean auditory system that is sensitive to ultrasound, and ultrasonic pulses trigger a complex, short-latency response that helps flying mantises survive bat attacks. We have recently shown that 1) the mantis cercal system is extremely sensitive to wind; 2) mantises respond to wind puffs when flying; and 3) strong wind accompanies bat attacks. Because it provides direction and distance information that the auditory system cannot, we hypothesize that the cercal wind detection system plays an important role in determining the timing, strength and nature of the mantis' evasive response. Using high-speed digital video, laser/solar cell movement detectors, and electromyograms, we will study the interaction of wind and sound stimuli in the evasive behavior of tethered, flying mantises in an anechoic chamber. Using electrodes implanted in a mantis tethered in a large flight room, we will monitor sensory CNS responses to both wind and sound as the insect is attacked by a flying bat. We will assess the efficacy of evasive behavior when only wind, only sound, or wind+sound information is available to the mantis CNS by staging encounters between free-flying mantises and bats in a large flight room. The results will provide the first data on CNS responses of an i nsect during an actual bat attack, and the first behavioral assessment of CNS integration of wind and sound stimuli in insect predator avoidance.
|
1 |
2008 — 2012 |
Yager, David |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Sensory System Innovation For Hearing in Multiple Frequency Channels @ University of Maryland College Park
Sensory systems must change over time to support changing behavioral requirements. Such transformations provide a window for understanding how sensory organs and the underlying neural processing evolve. Praying mantises are the only animals with a single ear in the middle of the body (an auditory cyclops). It exclusively detects ultrasound (30 kHz; above the range of human hearing), and warns the mantis of hunting bats that use ultrasonic sonar. A few mantis species, like Creobroter pictipennis, have evolved a complete, second auditory system. It also has a single ear in the middle of the body (a double cyclops) but detects only 3-5 kHz sound. Comparing species with and without the second ear, this project will study 1) what internal changes lead to the second ear; 2) how the two auditory systems interact; and 3) how these mantises use low-frequency hearing. Synchrotron x-ray imaging will show the progressive anatomical changes that lead to hearing. This technique provides views of internal structures analogous to MRIs, but with 1000 times greater resolution. Laser vibrometry will link minute changes in vibration to the altered anatomy. Neurophysiological and neuroanatomical techniques will determine how the nervous system processes information from each ear. The behaviors requiring a second ear are a puzzle to be addressed by allowing mantises to interact in natural conditions under video and microphone surveillance. Unexpectedly, changes in the respiratory system may be most important in evolving the second, completely independent auditory system. Although previously unknown, sound communication is the probable function of mantis low-frequency hearing. This project brings together for the first time two ultrahigh-resolution techniques to study structure/function changes in the evolution of an auditory system. Over 20 undergraduate research students will receive support to participate in this project.
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1 |