Stephen Brandt - US grants

The spawning area and oceanic migratory cues for American and European eels have long remained enigmatic. Because young eel larvae are concentrated immediately to the south of the North Atlantic Subtropical Convergence in the Sargasso Sea, it is hypothesized that mature eels cease migration and spawn near this front and use physical or biological features of the front for orientation. This research will directly test (1) whether maturing adult American eels are concentrated in, or immediately to the south of, the frontal zone, and (2) how the fine-scale vertical and horizontal distributions of adults are related specifically to characteristics of the frontal zone and adjacent waters. Quantitative hydroacoustic sampling will be used to identify echoes of appropriate strength to be eels and to map their distributional patterns and densitites. Aimed midwater trawling, video from a remotely operated vehicle, traps baited with mature captive eels, and fine-scale sampling of eggs and newly hatched larvae will be used to verify whether targets are actually eels. Hydroacoustic data, midwater trawling, and profiles of temperature and salinity will be used to characterize the biological and physical features of the front. This research links open-ocean spawing of a physiologically unique, long-distance migrating fish to a specific oceanographic feature.

9311043 Tenore, K. The Chesapeake Biological Laboratory (CBL) will develop a facility and associated instrumentation for a state-of-the-art laboratory designed to study physiology, bioenergetics, ecology and behavior of fishes and invertebrates. The facility, which will allow research on all life stages of these organisms, focuses principally on critical temperature and salinity controls and on systems that will allow precise measurements of consumption, metabolism, growth and behavior. Respirometers, swimming chambers, controlled environmental tanks, a dosing apparatus, and behavior observation systems are the principal items of the laboratory. A dry lab preparation area and computer monitoring and control center will also be provided. The laboratory will be a multiuser, ecophysiology center available to scientists, graduate students, and visiting scientists in several disciplines. The systems and instruments will significantly enhance the range of research and training programs at CBL and will be a unique facility in the region available to visiting/collaborating investigators. The CBL will cost-share in the development of the proposed facility and its specific systems, most of which will be constructed on site. When completed, the ecophysiology laboratory will be a major contributor to the success of CBL's mission in its three programmatic areas: Ecosystem Studies, Fisheries Science/Ecology, and Environmental Chemistry/Toxicology. ***

On April 22, 2010, the drill platform Deepwater Horizon sank in nearly 1,200 m of water in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Since this date various estimates of oil and added chemical dispersants have been released from the site with dispersion both at the surface and at depth. The transport of this oil and dispersants has been influenced by wind-driven currents over the shelf and by the Loop Current and its derivatives offshore. To date the exact amount and paths of movement of the Horizon spill remain speculative. Since 2003, with NOAA-CSCOR funding, this group of investigators has conducted 5 summer cruises in the northern Gulf of Mexico that used high-resolution sampling to define the spatially explicit relationships between physical structure to pelagic zooplankton and fish distributions. Thus this group has one of the most comprehensive, synoptic data sets on temperature, salinity, oxygen, phytoplankton, zooplankton and fish in the northern Gulf of Mexico for conditions prior to the oil leak.

The current RAPID award will allow this group to repeat their high-resolution mapping of hydrography, oxygen, plankton and fish in the northern Gulf of Mexico. The domain of interest will include the previous survey region in the hypoxic zone west of the Mississippi Delta but also the area east of the Mississippi where more oil transport from the spill has been suggested. The cruise will take place in the late summer period because the investigators have 5 years of ?baseline? data during this season to compare the results. The measures of species diversity and abundance, biomass size spectrum, fish diets, fish growth rate potential and ecosystem models will all be extremely useful to assess the possible effects of the oil spill on the living resources of the northern Gulf of Mexico. In addition to the rapid mapping cruise on the inner to mid-shelf, this group also will send scientists on the ORV Oceanus to conduct high resolution vertical zooplankton measurements (LOPC and TAPS) and MOCNESS zooplankton tows at deeper stations and broader mapping surveys to extend our spatial coverage of the affected area. They will coordinate our zooplankton and fish measurements with other investigators assessing the biogeochemical and biological impacts of the BP oil spill. Data from previous NOAA will be deposited in the BCODMO data management facility as well as current measurements and model products.

Broader Impacts. Given the economic importance of the Gulf of Mexico commercial fisheries (about 20% of the U.S. total landings representing about $991 million) and recreational fishing (generating ~30% of the nation?s saltwater fishing expenditures and supporting nearly 25% of the nation?s recreational saltwater jobs), it is imperative that knowledge of the effects of the BP oil spill on the pelagic ecosystem be assessed. The Horn Point Laboratory and Oregon State University are part of the National Science Foundation ? Center for Ocean Sciences Education Excellence (NSF-COSEE) and Experience for Undergraduates (REU) programs. Where possible in this NSF RAPID response grant, we will involve REU undergraduate students and teachers in our proposed research program.