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High-probability grants
According to our matching algorithm, Thorsten Rudroff is the likely recipient of the following grants.
Years |
Recipients |
Code |
Title / Keywords |
Matching score |
2010 — 2011 |
Rudroff, Thorsten |
R21Activity Code Description: To encourage the development of new research activities in categorical program areas. (Support generally is restricted in level of support and in time.) |
Muscle Energetics During Fatiguing Contractions in Young and Old Men
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Although old adults are often more fatigable than young adults, this is not a universal finding. As suggested in an exploratory workshop by the National Institute of Aging (NIA) on unexplained fatigue in the elderly, such differences in performance between young and old adults may be related to muscle energetics. We propose to compare the distribution of activation and energy utilization among a group of synergist, antagonist, and accessory muscles in young and old men during two types of fatiguing contractions with the elbow flexor muscles. The difference between the two contractions will be the type of load supported by the arm muscles: one fatiguing contraction will require an individual to sustain a submaximal force (force task) and the other fatiguing contraction will involve supporting an equivalent inertial load and keeping the position of the arm constant (position task). Although the net muscle torque exerted during the two contractions will be similar for each subject, the position task is more difficult and cannot be sustained for as long as the force task. The central hypothesis of the research plan is that differences in energetics of arm and accessory muscles during the two tasks can explain the age-related differences in times to task failure. Positron emission tomography (PET) will be combined with computer tomography (CT) to measure blood flow and oxygen consumption in arm muscles during force and position tasks, and PET images will provide information about the glucose uptake in individual muscles to estimate cumulative levels of muscle activity. The research plan involves first comparing blood flow and oxygen consumption in arm muscles of old and young men during two types of fatiguing contractions (Aim 1) and then comparing glucose uptake in arm and accessory muscles of old and young men after two types of fatiguing contractions (Aim 2). Although the relative performance of young and old men during a position task is unknown, we expect to explain any differences in time to failure for both tasks by differences in muscle energetics. By understanding the task dependent role of muscle energetics, specific interventions can be developed to maximize fatigue resistance in older adults. Public Health Relevance: Young and old men will perform two types of fatiguing contractions that differ in difficulty. The plan is to determine if differences in performance between the two groups of participants can be explained by variation in blood flow and energy consumption in the involved muscles.
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1 |
2019 — 2020 |
Rudroff, Thorsten |
R21Activity Code Description: To encourage the development of new research activities in categorical program areas. (Support generally is restricted in level of support and in time.) |
Cannabis Use and Risk of Falling in Older Adults
PROJECT SUMMARY The prevalence of cannabis use has increased significantly in recent years among US adults aged ? 50 years. With increased availability and use of cannabis by older adults, a rigorous evaluation of the benefits and risks of cannabis use in these individuals is necessary. Aging is characterized by physiological and social changes that make older adults vulnerable to chronic disease and geriatric conditions including cognitive impairment and falls3. Unintentional falls are a common event for older adults and a major cause of morbidity and mortality linked with a decline in functional status and disability. Moreover, falls and cognitive impairment are a ?well- known couple?; as older adults with moderate to severe cognitive impairment have a higher risk of falls, with an annual incidence of around 60?80%, which is twice the rate of cognitively normal older adults. Impaired cognitive function is an effect of cannabis use, and there is increasing evidence that those effects may persist later in life. Therefore, the physiological effects of chronic cannabis use may further increase falls in older adults via alterations in gait and cognition. Studies have shown reduced neural activity in the frontal brain networks and associations with increased fear of falling in older adults. It is also known that in regular cannabis users, the effects of cannabis may have an impact on cognitive-motor skills and brain mechanisms that modulate coordinated movement. The goal of this application is to investigate the neural correlates of fall risk and cognitive and motor function in individuals who initiate drug use after the age of 50. We will use FDG-PET to determine brain activity. Fall risk and cognitive/motor function will be assessed with the measures from the NIH Toolbox and a fall risk model. Our central hypothesis is that older chronic cannabis users are at a higher fall risk than older non-users, which is associated with reduced cerebral FDG uptake. This work will lay the foundation for larger grants (R01) investigating the influence of the compound action of different cannabinoids. These results are expected to provide critical and timely data to the public and health professionals regarding the effects of self-directed cannabis use on increased fall risk and if clinicians need to access cannabis use when determining fall risk and deciding prevention strategies.
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0.976 |