2006 |
Deyoung, Colin G |
F32Activity Code Description: To provide postdoctoral research training to individuals to broaden their scientific background and extend their potential for research in specified health-related areas. |
Neural Mechs of Cognition in Adhd &Externalizing Behav
[unreadable] DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms involved in the cognitive deficits associated with externalizing behaviors (EB) has the potential to provide insight into the etiology, symptomatology, and possibilities for prevention and treatment of EB, both subclinically and in disorders such as ADHD, conduct disorder, and antisocial personality disorder. Using imaging genomics, this research will investigate the neural mechanisms involved in cognitive deficits associated with EB, such as impulsivity and aggression. I will focus on the sparing of intelligence (IQ) in individuals with a specific variant of a dopamine receptor, which I have recently discovered in my graduate work. In three samples, a specific variant of the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) completely attenuated the negative association of EB and IQ (r = .02 vs. r = -0.43). Sixty four participants, screened for the presence of relevant DRD4 variants, will be scanned with fMRI while performing cognitive and affective tasks, and will be assessed for EB, intelligence, and other individual differences. I predict that DRD4 variation will moderate brain activity within dorsolateral and ventrolateral PFC during cognitive and affective challenges, respectively. Related analyses will be done in several existing data sets. Three of these consist of children (incarcerated or diagnosed with ADHD), who have been genotyped for DRD4 polymorphisms, while a fourth consists of healthy adults with fMRI data. [unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable]
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0.928 |
2007 — 2008 |
Deyoung, Colin G |
F32Activity Code Description: To provide postdoctoral research training to individuals to broaden their scientific background and extend their potential for research in specified health-related areas. |
Neural Mechanisms of Cognition in Adhd and Externalizing Behavior
[unreadable] DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms involved in the cognitive deficits associated with externalizing behaviors (EB) has the potential to provide insight into the etiology, symptomatology, and possibilities for prevention and treatment of EB, both subclinically and in disorders such as ADHD, conduct disorder, and antisocial personality disorder. Using imaging genomics, this research will investigate the neural mechanisms involved in cognitive deficits associated with EB, such as impulsivity and aggression. I will focus on the sparing of intelligence (IQ) in individuals with a specific variant of a dopamine receptor, which I have recently discovered in my graduate work. In three samples, a specific variant of the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) completely attenuated the negative association of EB and IQ (r = .02 vs. r = -0.43). Sixty four participants, screened for the presence of relevant DRD4 variants, will be scanned with fMRI while performing cognitive and affective tasks, and will be assessed for EB, intelligence, and other individual differences. I predict that DRD4 variation will moderate brain activity within dorsolateral and ventrolateral PFC during cognitive and affective challenges, respectively. Related analyses will be done in several existing data sets. Three of these consist of children (incarcerated or diagnosed with ADHD), who have been genotyped for DRD4 polymorphisms, while a fourth consists of healthy adults with fMRI data. [unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable]
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0.928 |
2011 — 2015 |
Deyoung, Colin Rustichini, Aldo [⬀] |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
From Decision Theory to Personality Based Decision Theory @ University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
In this research, the PIs plan to develop a new theory of human economic and strategic decision making and behavior, to test it experimentally, and to investigate the neural and genetic basis of the factors identified in the model. The approach involves unifying two different theoretical views of human behavior. One view, derived from Personality Theory, involves what are known as the "big five" -- five major dimensions of personality shown to influence behavior. The second view, derived from Decision Theory, is that economic behavior is determined by attitudes toward uncertainty and attitudes regarding allocations of rewards and penalties over time. Aggregating the two theories produces an ad hoc model of human nature with seven parameters or more. Preliminary data show that this increases our ability to predict behavior substantially. The research will further explore the predictive power of the model and relate the traits derived from personality and decision theory to their neural and genetic underpinnings.
In terms of broader impacts, this research will contribute to both our ability to predict individual behaviors in given contexts and tailor interventions to modify behaviors in circumstances were this is desirable.
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1 |
2011 |
Deyoung, Colin G |
R03Activity Code Description: To provide research support specifically limited in time and amount for studies in categorical program areas. Small grants provide flexibility for initiating studies which are generally for preliminary short-term projects and are non-renewable. |
Neural and Genetic Mechanisms of Cognition in Externalizing Behavior. @ University of Minnesota
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): One of the major risks for drug abuse is a general predisposition to externalizing behavior (EB), which is a broad category that includes impulsivity, antisocial behavior, and aggression, as well as drug abuse. Understanding the psychological and biological mechanisms involved in externalizing behavior is therefore important for understanding drug abuse and for the development of successful prevention and treatment of drug abuse. Externalizing behavior is strongly genetically influenced, and genetic research is therefore well placed to illuminate its biological basis. The proposed research will use both genetic and neuroimaging methods, in order to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms involved in patterns of cognition associated with externalizing behavior. Externalizing behavior is known to be associated with cognitive deficits, including low intelligence and poor working memory (which is the ability to hold and manipulate information in mind, despite distraction). Little is known about the specific genes that influence these cognitive deficits, but genes related to the neurotransmitter dopamine are likely to be important because dopamine influences both externalizing behavior and cognitive functions like working memory. The proposed study will collect DNA from 60 people in order to identify variations in dopaminergic genes. Participants will be assessed for level of externalizing behavior and will have their brains scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while they are engaged in a working memory task. The fMRI data will provide maps of brain activity when people engage in these tasks, which can then be analyzed to determine how brain activity is associated with externalizing behavior and how these associations are influenced by specific genes. This study will be a pilot study allowing estimation of the number of participants, both male and female, that will be needed in a larger study that can rigorously test hypotheses regarding genetic effects on cognition in externalizing behavior. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed research is relevant to public health in that externalizing behavior represents the shared risk for a number of common disorders, including drug dependence, alcohol dependence, antisocial personality disorder, conduct disorder, and ADHD. Any findings regarding the neural and genetic mechanisms that underlie externalizing behavior will have immediate impact for basic and applied research that could lead to improvements in the prevention and treatment of these disorders and their subclinical manifestations (such as antisocial behavior and drug abuse).
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0.958 |