Area:
Neurobiology of Addiction
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High-probability grants
According to our matching algorithm, Robert B. Stewart is the likely recipient of the following grants.
Years |
Recipients |
Code |
Title / Keywords |
Matching score |
1995 — 1999 |
Stewart, Robert B |
R29Activity Code Description: Undocumented code - click on the grant title for more information. |
Parameters of Oral Ethanol Reinforcement @ Indiana Univ-Purdue Univ At Indianapolis
The ability to measure changes in the reinforcing effects of ethanol is an important aspect of basic research on alcohol abuse. The proposed studies focus on techniques to quantify the reinforcing effects of ethanol. Rats will be trained to lever-press for deliveries of ethanol solution during daily experimental sessions. In one series of experiments, changes in the reinforcing effects of ethanol will be examined by observing the manner in which certain pretreatments shift the bitonic "inverted-U" shaped dose- response curve that is typically generated when the number of ethanol deliveries obtained per session (or response rate) is plotted as a function of the amount of ethanol available per delivery (usually changed by varying the ethanol concentration). It is hypothesized that pretreatment with agents that (putatively) decrease or increase the reinforcing efficacy of ethanol (e.g., naloxone or morphine injections) will shift the inverted-U shaped dose response function mostly horizontally, while pretreatments that produce satiety (e.g., ethanol injections) will result in a vertical shift. In a second series of experiments, the reinforcing effects of orally-delivered ethanol will be measured under a progressive ratio (PR) schedule in which the ratio value for each successive reinforcer is increased until the subject fails to respond in a designated period of time. The PR procedure has proven to be a sensitive measure of the reinforcing effects of intravenously-delivered drugs in rats. It will be tested for its ability to measure the relative reinforcing effects of different doses of orally-delivered ethanol, and changes in the reinforcing effects of ethanol after pretreatment with ethanol, naloxone, or morphine injections. A third series of experiments will examine choice between two concurrently-available stimuli as a measure of the relative reinforcing effects of those stimuli. Choice between concurrently-available oral ethanol doses will be studied in lever-press ethanol self-administration experiments. Choice between environmental stimuli previously paired with different orally self- administered ethanol doses (i.e., place conditioning) will also be evaluated as a possible measure of the relative reinforcing effects of two different stimuli given at different times. To the extent that the behavioral techniques examined in these proposed experiments help to refine the measurement of the reinforcing effects of ethanol, they may facilitate research in a number of areas.
|
0.928 |
2002 — 2004 |
Stewart, Robert B |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Alcohol Tolerance in Rat Lines Selected For Preference @ Indiana Univ-Purdue Univ At Indianapolis
DESCRIPTION: (Adapted from the Investigator's Abstract) The long term objective of this research is to investigate the relationship of ethanol tolerance to the self-administration of ethanol in lines of rats selectively bred for high and low oral ethanol drinking. One series of studies will examine the replicate pairs of high and low alcohol drinking (HAD 1 /LAD I and HAD2/LAD2) lines to determine whether there is a genetic correlation between the predisposition to consume high and low amounts of alcohol and the sensitivity and tolerance to the motor-impairing effects of ethanol. A parametric examination of ethanol sensitivity, acute (within-session) and chronic (between-session) tolerance will be carried out. A second series of studies will test the hypothesis that tolerance to the aversive effects of ethanol develops during ethanol self-administration. Furthermore, the magnitude of this tolerance may change during the acquisition of the ethanol drinking response and as a function of the rats' ethanol drinking history. A third series of studies is based on the hypothesis that high ethanol preference may be associated with a state of neuroexcitability. This state produces a P3 component in an evoked response potential (ERP) paradigm that is reduced in alcohol-preferring P rats relative to non-preferring NP rats and may produce an enhanced acoustic startle response in alcohol-preferring rats. Proposed experiments will examine P and NP rats to determine any line differences in the effects of ethanol on ERP and acoustic startle. Acute tolerance to the effects of ethanol on ERP and motor coordination in P and NP rats will be examined using a blood ethanol clamp procedure which can maintain blood ethanol levels at a predetermined steady state for prolonged periods. The main hypothesis that will be tested is that selective breeding for high and low alcohol intake will be correlated with differential tolerance development to the aversive and motor-impairing effects of ethanol and to the ability of ethanol to attenuate neuro-physiological and behavioral manifestations of CNS hyperexcitability.
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0.928 |