1985 — 1989 |
Gardner, Daniel |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Synaptic Organization of An Identified Neural Network @ Weill Medical College of Cornell Univ
Specific functioning of networks in the nervous system depends not only upon the wiring diagram for neuronal interconnection, but also upon the proprties of particular synapses. Within the same network, postsynaptic conductances vary in sign and duration, while some synapses combine several responses to show polyphasic conductance changes. This project will identify and characterize types of functional elements available to an actual neural network, the way in which they are combined, and the functional consequences of their use. The goal is both a generalizable biophysical description of synapses and an understanding of the role of the synapses in the behavior of a cell and network. Specific questions to be asked include: What kinetic properties of receptors determine synaptic current duration? Is synaptic potential amplitude more plastic than its duration? What are the relative contributions of multiple-component synaptic potentials and direct/indirect synaptic information transfer? The preparation used, the buccal ganglia of the mollusc Aplysia californica contains a ppopulation of synaptically interconnected neurons well suited to these studies. Techniques employed include intracellular recording from pre- and postsynaptic neurons, voltage-clamping of postsynaptic potentials, and patch clamping single synaptic channels. The correlations between single-channel kinetics and synaptic efficacy, function of multi-component synapses, and principles of organization of identified cell networks drawn from this preparation may prove applicable to experimentally less accessible populations of vertebrate neurons.
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1 |
1995 — 1999 |
Gardner, Daniel |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Identifiable Neurons of Molluscs: a Neurophysiology Network Database @ Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University
The award supports planning and initial development of a database and associated tools for developing a database of identified neurons for molluscs. The database will serve two communities of neurobiologists. For molluscan neuroscientists, the goal is a database containing descriptions of identified and identifiable neurons, actual datasets of neurophysiological data from both identified cells and candidates for neuronal identification, and model parameters useful for electrophysiological simulations of neurons and networks. For the wider community of neurophysiologists, the goal is a generalizable set of annotated data structures for storage, classification, query, and distribution of neurophysiological data from many species and techniques. An ancillary goal for both communities is the development of user-friendly graphical tools for data entry and viewing and database query. Project development is headed by a molluscan neurobiologist with extensive software development experience, coordinated with an academic multiplatform software developer with significant research experience in identified neurons. All phases of the project will be coordinated with user feedback from a broad representation of the molluscan community, as well as from neurophysiologists using other invertebrate and mammalian species. To further serve the neuroscience communities, database access, as well as user tools and data type specifications developed by the project, will be provided freely.
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1 |
1996 — 1998 |
Gardner, Daniel |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Physiology Data and Access Methods For a Neurodatabase @ Weill Medical College of Cornell Univ
Aplysia; neurophysiology; information systems; computer program /software; computer system design /evaluation; computational neuroscience; information retrieval; computer human interaction;
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1 |
1996 |
Gardner, Daniel |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Somatosensory Cortical Neuron Physiology--a Web Database @ Weill Medical College of Cornell Univ |
1 |
1997 — 1999 |
Gardner, Daniel |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Somatosensory Cortical Neuron Physiology: a Web Database @ Weill Medical College of Cornell Univ
behavioral /social science research tag; bioimaging /biomedical imaging; computer system design /evaluation
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1 |
2000 — 2009 |
Gardner, Daniel |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Databases and Data Models Enabling Neuroinformatics @ Weill Medical College of Cornell Univ
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Neuroscience encompasses a broad range of hypotheses, explorations, technologies, and models; neuroscientists are a diverse group with grounding in many disciplines. The scope and range of neuroscience data is ever more complex, and the number of laboratories acquiring and analyzing data digitally continues to increase. As a result, the need for neuroscientists to be able to exchange data is significant and growing. The project will enhance and expand databases focused on neurophysiology, as well as standards for data exchange and interoperability that span contemporary brain and informational sciences. Three open accessible Web resources will support sharing of neurophysiology data and present techniques for Human Brain Project (HBP) interoperability: neurodatabase.org, brainml.org, and datasharing.net. The five linked Aims of this ongoing project fuse neuroscience and informatics to develop HBP areas of programmatic interest including: "databases, graphical interfaces, querying approaches, information retrieval, data visualization and manipulation, and data integration through the development of integrated analytical tools, synthesis, and tools for electronic collaboration." Aims I and II enhance and expand neurodatabase.org and its user-friendly multiplatform query, viewer, metadata, and data entry tools to aid data exchange and reanalysis for data from additional mammalian brain regions and preparations, and from genetically-altered model systems, linking neuroinformatic with bioinformatic metadata. Towards interoperability, Aims III and IV will enhance and expand BrainML, the extensible standardized data description language designed by the project to serve as an interface among neuroscience databases and between databases and their users. After completing BrainMetaL abstractions and BrainML multilayered language definitions for neurophysiology and cortical data, and demonstrating links to peer resources, the project will integrate project-designed and compatible community-derived extensions supporting a wide range of neurobiological techniques and preparations. The fifth Aim leverages this work to develop, offer and support two resources to enable neuroinformatics developers to provide complementary, interoperable data sharing for other areas of neuroscience. The Neurodatabase Construction Kit will aid other neuroscience communities to more rapidly design and implement neurodatabases. BrainML-X will enable HBP groups to build interfaces, query servers and distributors, and mediators to implement interoperability among neuroinformatic resources
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2004 — 2007 |
Gardner, Daniel |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Algorithms and Informatics For Analysis of Neural Coding @ Weill Medical College of Cornell Univ
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed project will establish a multifaceted resource and collaboration to support a broad range of users, including experimental and computational neuroscientists, neuroinformatics developers, and others with an interest in the central problem of neural coding. The project supports as well the Human Brain Project initiative by incorporating linked neuroscience, informatics, and merged neuroinformatics goals. The neuroscience goal is an understanding of neural coding, synthesized via application of a wide range of algorithms to a database of neural data from multiple cortical areas, protocols, and preparations. Subgoals quantify the information present in patterns of visual neural activity, determine which features of activity carry information and transmit it between neurons and cortical areas, test contrasting coding hypotheses, and relate information and activity to behavior. Informatics goals include implementation and application of new analytic algorithms and the development, interfacing, and availability of a parallel computational resource, enhancing the value of a linked neurodatabase by adding value to archived data and encouraging submission and data sharing. The neuroinformatics goal tests different analytic algorithms against particular neurobiological processes, sites, and paradigms, including parallel channels formed by paired neurons. Neural coding is imperfectly understood. A main limitation is that at present, analyses and models are often derived from or tested on restricted numbers of datasets. To remove these limits, the project will link four disciplines: experimental neuroscience, analytical computational neuroscience, computer science, and informatics, via three aims. The first aim will develop, implement, and refine an array of algorithms for neural data analysis that probe how information is represented and processed. By applying several approaches to a given dataset, or one approach to many datasets, investigators can reach conclusions that are robust and not method-dependent. Lack of available computing power often limits the use of such algorithms. The second aim applies an existing 26-processor parallel computational array and designs neuroinformatics tools to ease data exchange with neurodatabases. Parallelized algorithms will thus be applied to a broad range of neural data. Utilizing insights into neural coding and parallel processing, the third aim will refine and advance algorithmic development, parallelization schemes, and neuroinformatic classification and exchange. New experimental/analytic collaborations will advance the design of protocols for the study of visual and somatic sensation that produces neural data--especially multiunit data--readily analyzed using evolving algorithms. Generated as well will be new ideas for hypothesis-testing analytics, all advancing collaborative computational neuroinformatics.
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2017 — 2019 |
Gardner, Daniel Seth |
SC2Activity Code Description: Individual investigator-initiated pilot research projects for faculty at MSIs to generate preliminary data for a more ambitious research project. |
Access to Community Based Palliative Care Among Medically-Underserved Older Adults
ABSTRACT Exploring the palliative care needs of medically underserved older adults in East and Central Harlem As Americans live longer and the proportion of people 65 years of age and older grows from 14% of the population to 20% by midcentury, the growing incidence of age-related chronic illnesses will increasingly represent a critical public health concern. An estimated 80% of older adults have one chronic illness or condition (e.g., cancer, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, or Alzheimer's disease and related dementias), and half of older adults experience two or more of these conditions. Chronic conditions are frequently accompanied by high symptom burden, including pain, fatigue, mobility problems, anxiety and depression, which are associated with diminished self-rated health and quality of life, frequent use of costly healthcare services, and ultimately threaten the ability to live independently. Palliative care has emerged as an effective strategy to address the profound human and economic costs of living with chronic and advanced illness. A substantial body of evidence suggests that delivering early, high-quality palliative care to this population significantly improves patient outcomes across critical domains by reducing pain and symptoms, enhancing patient and caregiver wellbeing, lengthening survival, and containing overall health care costs for the highest need users. Despite these promising outcomes, there are significant racial and ethnic disparities in access to high quality palliative care, particularly among older adults living in low-income communities. This longitudinal, mixed-method study explores the experiences and supportive care needs of community-dwelling chronically-ill African American and Latino older adults after discharge to the community from an inpatient palliative care service. The specific aims are to: 1) describe the needs and perceptions of chronically-ill, low- income African-American and Latino older adults living in the community, the conditions and contexts under which they access high quality palliative care, and the barriers they face in accessing and using palliative care post-discharge; 2) explore palliative care providers' perceptions of underserved older adults' needs for palliative care, and the strategies providers use to access these individuals and provide them with needed services; and 3) shed light on the mechanisms that explain palliative care disparities, and suggest strategies to advance culturally competent, measurable, and sustained improvements in coordination of comprehensive palliative care for community-dwelling African-American and Latino older adults. Overall, the study will advance our scientific understanding of palliative care disparities and help reduce multi-level barriers to meeting the needs of all community-dwelling older adults with chronic and advanced illness. Successful achievement of these aims will enhance our understanding of the barriers and facilitators to palliative care and suggest factors to expand these services to a growing population of underserved community-dwelling older adults. Findings from these exploratory data will form the basis of an R01 application to further develop and pilot innovative interventions to better meet the palliative care needs of chronically-ill, low-income African American and Latino older adults in the community.
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0.908 |