1985 — 1986 |
Petersen, Sandra L |
F32Activity Code Description: To provide postdoctoral research training to individuals to broaden their scientific background and extend their potential for research in specified health-related areas. |
Hypothalamic Catechol-Lhrh Axis Regulating Lh Secretion @ University of Maryland Baltimore |
0.945 |
1992 — 2010 |
Petersen, Sandra L |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. R29Activity Code Description: Undocumented code - click on the grant title for more information. |
Ovarian Hormone Regulation of Lhrh Biosynthesis @ University of Massachusetts Amherst |
1 |
1998 — 2000 |
Petersen, Sandra L |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Dioxin Effects On Neural Control of Reproduction @ University of Massachusetts Amherst
DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the Investigator's Abstract): The long-term objective of this research is to determine the mechanism(s) by which dioxin like environmental contaminants affect fertility in females. TCDD, a potent dioxin, has long been known to be a reproductive toxin in subhuman primates and rodents; however, little is known about reproductive outcomes in exposed human populations. In order to evaluate possible effects in humans, a goal of this research is to develop and characterize animal models that show decreased fertility as a result of low-level exposure perinatally and/or in adulthood. To address this question, regional distribution of genes encoding the arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR; R for TCDD) and its companion protein AhR nuclear translocator (Arnt) in brain was examined. Both genes were found to be expressed in brain regions that have estrogen receptors (ER), which play a crucial role in regulating LH release. These data support that TCDD and related chemicals may interfere with neural actions of estrogen (and its induction of ovulation). AhR and Arnt genes were also found to be expressed in ER-containing regions of the hypothalamus of embryos, supporting possible transplacental effects. The working hypothesis is that: TCDD affects fertility by interfering with estrogen-induced hypothalamic/POA events that trigger LHRH, thus LH surge release. A dose-response study will be performed using environmentally-relevant levels of TCDD, to determine whether perinatal, prepubertal and adult exposure inhibit the ability of estrogen to induce LH release. Ovariectomized, estrogen-treated rats will be used to eliminate ovarian effects of TCDD. Other studies will determine whether local microimplants of TCDD affect LH release when placed in the brain structures known to contain both AhR and ER. Finally, a determination as to whether TCDD alters the ability of the pituitary gland to release LH in response to LHRH will be made.
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1 |
1998 — 2001 |
Petersen, Sandra |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Mechanisms of Arylhydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Interactions With Estrogen Receptor in Hypothalamus @ University of Massachusetts Amherst
ABSTRACT IBN 97-31599 PI = PETERSEN, Sandra L. The objective of this research is to understand the role of the arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in the regulation of estrogen actions in the hypothalamus, the part of the brain that plays a central role in reproduction. The AhR is generally considered as the receptor that binds dioxin and dioxin-like environmental contaminants. However, this receptors has apparently been conserved throughout evolution and, therefore, is likely to have ligands other than the dioxins that have been produced only within the past 50 years. Although the AhR has been studied in non-neural tissue, virtually no studies have been conducted in the brain. In other estrogen-sensitive tissues, such as breast tissue, activation of the AhR is anti-estrogenic. Dr. Petersen recently discovered that the genes for AhR and estrogen receptor (ER) are co-localized in regions of the hypothalamus that control ovulation. Other recent work has shown that a single dose of dioxin (which activates the AhR) blocks the ability of estrogen to induce the preovulatory surge of luetinizing hormone (LH) required for ovulation. Based on this finding, Dr. Petersen hypothesized that activation of the AhR may interfere with specific ER functions in hypothalamus. To test this hypothesis, it will be determined whether: (1) activation of the AhR alters estrogen expression or receptor protein expression, (2) activation of the AhR induces the gene expression of specific hydroxylases that metabolize estrogen, thereby decreasing hormone availability and creating neurotoxic substances, and (3) known estrogen actions in the hypothalamus, such as progesterone receptor induction and changes in proopiomelanocortin, tyrosine hydroxylase and NPA gene expression, are blocked by activation of the AhR. Taken together, these studies will provide important new insights into the mechanisms by which ligands for the AhR might affect ER-mediated events required for ovulation. In addition, the proposed experiments will provide important clues to help identify the endogenous ligand(s) for the receptor.
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0.915 |
2005 — 2007 |
Petersen, Sandra L |
R21Activity Code Description: To encourage the development of new research activities in categorical program areas. (Support generally is restricted in level of support and in time.) |
Ahr- and Er-Regulated Genes in Brain Development @ University of Massachusetts Amherst
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Our long-term objective is to determine the mechanisms by which developmental exposure to dioxins and other ubiquitous arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands alters reproductive functions in adulthood. We recently showed that a single developmental exposure to the potent AhR ligand, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), interferes with estrogen-dependent sexual differentiation of the male anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV). The AVPV controls the female pattern of luteinizing hormone (LH) release; therefore, TCDD-exposed males have a female-like AVPV structure and they show the female, cyclic pattern of LH release in adulthood. Considering that estradiol (E2) derived from fetal production of testosterone is responsible for the sexual differentiation process, we hypothesize that TCDD interferes with E2 regulation of a set of genes during development. To test this hypothesis, we will use Affymetrix microarrays and cluster analysis to identify sex-specific genes that are regulated by E2 and TCDD. We will use a "redundancy model", testing different animal treatments predicted by our hypothesis to target the same set of genes. We will validate our microarray findings using RT-QPCR, in situ hybridization histochemistry, developmental ontogeny studies, dose response studies and promoter analysis. Our findings will be important for identifying genes underlying effects of dioxins and other ubiquitous AhR ligands on reproductive toxicity, as well as on other neural functions disrupted by perinatal TCDD exposure in a sex-specific manner. Such findings will be important for mechanism-based risk assessment, as well as for development of pharmaceutical interventions to prevent neurotoxicity.
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1 |
2005 — 2014 |
Tyson, Julian (co-PI) [⬀] Seymour, Charlena Petersen, Sandra Fisher, Donald (co-PI) [⬀] Staros, James [⬀] |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
No Longer 'a Dream Deferred:' Greater Minority Stem Participation Through Academic Opportunity and Institutional Change @ University of Massachusetts Amherst
The Northeast Alliance for Graduate Education and the Professoriate (NEAGEP) will implement a variety of innovative and proven strategies for the recruitment, admission, retention and preparation for faculty positions of underrepresented minority graduate students in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). For the past five years, a number of these strategies were developed and evaluated by the faculty at five Alliance (University of Massachusetts Amherst, Boston University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Pennsylvania State University and Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey) and five Partner (Jackson State University, Lincoln University, Long Island University, Medgar Evers College and the University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez) Institutions. NEAGEP will be expanded and enhanced by the addition of the five other major land-grant universities in the Northeast (the Universities of Connecticut, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont) into the Alliance. Two new Partner Institutions, Bennett College and, beginning in the second year of the new funding cycle, Trinity College, will also join NEAGEP. Together, the New England Land-Grant Universities bring to NEAGEP the resources of 6,000 faculty members, a half-billion dollars in annual sponsored research, connections to 26 additional minority-serving (predominantly African American and Hispanic) institutions and access to the growing Native American population in northern New England. Building upon the foundation laid and the experience gained in the past five years, this expanded Alliance will more effectively coordinate efforts to match graduate students' interests and skills with a broad range of graduate programs. It will also create a critical mass of minority graduate students with similar research interests. To address the national shortage and increase the number of underrepresented STEM minority doctoral students, NEAGEP proposes the following strategies:
Recruitment: (a) design a common supplementary NEAGEP application; (b) facilitate faculty involvement in Diversity Teams; (c) revise practices in summer research programs; (d) continue fall recruiting weekends; (e) ensure multi-institutional presence at national meetings; (f) invite Partner faculty to research residencies at Alliance Institutions; (g) hold Partner Science Days at Partner Institutions;
Admissions: (a) initiate Rapid Response contacts; (b) involve NEAGEP graduate program directors; (c) expand NEAGEP Research Internships; (d) offer NEAGEP first and last year research assistantships;
Retention: (a) participate in the Graduate School mentoring grant competition; (b) offer mentoring workshops; (c) set up mentoring website; (d) rotate NEA Day among Alliance Institutions;
Future faculty preparation: (a) integrate teaching and research preparation for underrepresented minority STEM graduate students and postdoctoral fellows; and (b) offer career counseling and placement assistance.
Not all strategies will be undertaken by all institutions, but all will embark on some activities in each area and take part in cross-cutting initiatives such as: (a) implementation of a NEAGEP-wide Networking Group; (b) expansion of the NEAGEP office structure and functions; (c) execution of NEAGEP-wide sharing of admissions information; (d) establishment of joint Partner-Alliance doctoral programs; and (e) participation in an Alliance-wide comprehensive evaluation.
Intellectual Merit: The NEAGEP strategies proposed are both innovative and transferable. The underlying principle is that they are faculty-driven and championed by the administration. Implementation of these strategies will advance fundamental cultural change in academia and promote the success of underrepresented minority students in STEM doctoral programs. The prior success with the Alliance structure provided the impetus for the logical extension of activities to the neighboring New England Land-Grant Universities. By extending the Alliance activities to this group, hundreds more underrepresented minority STEM students and beginning faculty will benefit.
Broader Impact: The number of U.S. citizens applying for graduate study in STEM disciplines is inadequate to meet the growing national needs in these areas. This problem is exacerbated by the fact that the number of international graduate students applying to STEM graduate programs has decreased by over 30% nationwide this year. The number of U.S. STEM scientists needs to be increased if this country is to remain competitive on the world stage. The fundamental, and most important, impact of this program will be to create an environment in which minority persons can succeed in the STEM disciplines in the U.S. The proposed efforts will lead to the successful recruitment, admission and retention of a diverse group of graduate students and will encourage these students to pursue careers in the professoriate.
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0.915 |
2007 — 2014 |
Hardy, Jeanne (co-PI) [⬀] Roberts, Susan [⬀] Bhatia, Surita (co-PI) [⬀] Petersen, Sandra Normanly, Jennifer (co-PI) [⬀] Gierasch, Lila (co-PI) [⬀] |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Igert: Interdisciplinary Research Training in Cellular Engineering @ University of Massachusetts Amherst
This Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) award establishes a novel interdisciplinary training program at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst to address the emerging field of Cellular Engineering. Engineering cellular form and function is the basis for many ventures in the biomedical and biotechnology industries, including design of bioremediation processes, generation of artificial organs/tissues, production of biologics from cell culture, design of new and improved protein-based pharmaceuticals and targeted drug delivery. Students matriculate in one of 12 degree programs with a research focus in one of three interrelated cellular engineering thrust areas: 1) Applied Systems Biology, 2) Cell Delivery and 3) Protein Engineering. Key features include a novel unifying lecture/laboratory course to train both life scientists and engineers/physical scientists in cellular engineering fundamentals, interdisciplinary research involving "supergroup" projects in which students seek out collaboration with a related training laboratory; interactions with industry through the established UMass-Amherst Institute for Cellular Engineering; weekly research seminars with a mentoring component; and formal professional development activities.
This IGERT has all-female leadership and significant numbers of female faculty participants. Underrepresented students are recruited through the NEAGEP, an NSF-funded project co-led by UMass-Amherst and including ten research-extensive and six minority-serving institutions that collaborate to increase the number of underrepresented students who receive doctoral degrees in science, technology, engineering and mathematics disciplines. This IGERT encourages novel research collaborations in cellular engineering among faculty, creating new bridging programs among departments and providing unique learning opportunities for trainees. Purposeful alignment with the Institute for Cellular Engineering enables substantial interaction with regional cellular engineering companies, significantly broadening student training. IGERT is an NSF-wide program intended to meet the challenges of educating U.S. Ph.D. scientists and engineers with the interdisciplinary background, deep knowledge in a chosen discipline, and the technical, professional, and personal skills needed for the career demands of the future. The program is intended to catalyze a cultural change in graduate education by establishing innovative new models for graduate education and training in a fertile environment for collaborative research that transcends traditional disciplinary boundaries.
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0.915 |
2009 — 2021 |
Petersen, Sandra L Thompson, Lynmarie K. (co-PI) [⬀] |
R25Activity Code Description: For support to develop and/or implement a program as it relates to a category in one or more of the areas of education, information, training, technical assistance, coordination, or evaluation. |
Umass Amherst Prep Program @ University of Massachusetts Amherst
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term goal of this project is to significantly increase the number of students from underrepresented groups who obtain Ph.D. degrees in biomedical fields. To this end, we will establish a one-year PREP internship that includes independent research and individualized programs of study, each with an interdisciplinary focus designed to increase the competitiveness of the PREP students for admission to rigorous biomedical graduate programs. Our project will capitalize on unique strengths of the University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMA): A) UMA leads the Northeast Alliance for Graduate Education and the Professoriate (NEAGEP), a highly interactive network of 15 minority-serving and research-extensive universities with demonstrated success in recruiting and retaining minority students in STEM Ph.D. programs; B) UMA has well-developed programs of interdisciplinary research and graduate education in biomedicine; C) UMA has developed effective multi-level mentoring programs to support diversity at all levels of academia. We take advantage of these strengths to accomplish the following specific aims: 1) Use existing connections in NEAGEP and at UMA to recruit talented students from underrepresented groups; 2) Pre-screen students through a well established eight-week summer program for undergraduate research (SPUR); 3) Provide near- peer and faculty mentors with diversity training; 4) Work with PREP participants and their mentors to formulate individualized programs of study based on interests, strengths and needs of students identified during SPUR; 5) Start mentoring on first contact and continue through graduate school and beyond. During the program, students will engage in a collaborative research project with a primary and secondary faculty mentors, as well as near-peer graduate student mentors. The Institute for Cellular Engineering, Chemistry-Biology Interface and Neuroendocrinology graduate training programs will provide an interdisciplinary focus through specific enrichment courses. Students will participate in regular social and professional development activities, many with NEAGEP doctoral students so that PREP participants will be part of a larger community of minority scholars. Group PREP courses will focus on working in interdisciplinary and diverse groups in biomedicine, developing critical thinking skills and gaining an understanding of the responsible conduct of research. Faculty mentors, PIs and the Office of Graduate Recruitment and Retention will teach students how to apply to graduate school and to obtain pre-doctoral fellowships. At the end of the program, we anticipate that students will enroll in one of the numerous biomedicine graduate programs served by the participating interdisciplinary training programs, graduate programs in other NEAGEP institutions or in other selective graduate programs around the country. This program will help meet the growing need for biomedical researchers who can address issues of health care in all segments of our population.
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1 |
2011 — 2013 |
Tyson, Julian (co-PI) [⬀] Petersen, Sandra Fisher, Donald (co-PI) [⬀] Staros, James [⬀] |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Neagep Summative Evaluation: Identifying Effective Strategies For Paving the Pathway to the Professoriate @ University of Massachusetts Amherst
The Northeast Alliance for Graduate Education and the Professoriate (NEAGEP) is a highly interactive group of Research I and minority-serving institutions that includes private and public, as well as large and small schools. By piloting and sharing novel strategies, the Alliance has made a large contribution to diversifying science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) Ph.D. programs in the Northeast. The number of URM students earning STEM doctorates from these institutions has nearly doubled. Unfortunately, there has been neither sufficient numbers of students nor funds to meaningfully evaluate what strategies are most effective for recruiting and retaining URM STEM doctoral students. Even more relevant to the goal of the NSF AGEP program, there has been no assessment of what factors influence career choices of URM STEM Ph.D.s and what factors ensure their success in academia. To address these issues, the PI group will work with external evaluators at TERC, a STEM education organization, to conduct a NEAGEP-wide summative evaluation. The evaluators will conduct personal interviews with current STEM doctoral students and Ph.D. graduates of NEAGEP institutions, and also solicit input from all NEAGEP coordinators to develop two on-line surveys. One survey will be administered to approximately 565 URMs who obtained STEM Ph.D. degrees during the 10 years of NEAGEP, and the other to the over 550 current URM STEM doctoral students. The results will be important for developing new programs in the next phase of NEAGEP. Intellectual Merit: There is now a sufficiently large population of students at different points in their careers so that an external team can conduct a very informative, large-scale evaluation of NEAGEP programs. The team will objectively assess what types of activities are most effective at diversifying the STEM professoriate. The focus will be on recruitment and retention activities, but, more importantly, on what activities influence these students to pursue careers in academia. This evaluation will provide new insights important for increasing diversity in the professoriate, a goal that must be achieved in order to engage a broader portion of the U.S. citizenry in STEM. Broader Impacts: The results will generate information that will inform the design and revision of programs to recruit URM undergraduates into STEM graduate programs. In addition, these data will also promote institutionalization of programs that increase participation of both URM and non-URM U.S. students in STEM. Finally, the evaluation findings will be published so that other institutions and alliances can conserve and/or better direct resources by learning what does and does not work in large and small, as well as public and private, universities that comprise NEAGEP. Integration of Research with Teaching and Learning: Many of the NEAGEP strategies involve integration of research with teaching and learning. By formally evaluating the impact of these strategies, it will be determined which are most effective. The effective strategies will then be expanded to integrate research and teaching initiatives across NEAGEP and publicized through the AGEP network.
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0.915 |
2012 — 2016 |
Bhatia, Surita R. (co-PI) [⬀] Petersen, Sandra L Powers, Sally I (co-PI) [⬀] |
R25Activity Code Description: For support to develop and/or implement a program as it relates to a category in one or more of the areas of education, information, training, technical assistance, coordination, or evaluation. |
University of Massachusetts Imsd @ University of Massachusetts Amherst
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of the University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass) Initiative for Maximizing Student Development is to significantly increase the number of underrepresented minority (URM) doctoral students who complete Ph.D. degrees and postdoctoral fellowships, and become leaders in biomedical and behavioral science research. To accomplish this goal, our aims are to: 1) Enhance recruitment of well-prepared URM students for Ph.D. programs by nurturing existing partnerships with minority-serving institutions through new collaborative research initiatives. Our Partners in Research program will bring URM Partner faculty and undergraduates to laboratories at UMass for extended summer visits and our Partner Visiting Professors will bring Partner faculty back to UMass for year-long sabbaticals. In addition, UMass faculty and senior IMSD doctoral students will present seminars and workshops at Partner Institutions. Other recruiting initiatives will include an IMSD Graduate Preview Weekend at UMass and national promotion of our IMSD. 2) Enhance retention and preparation of IMSD Scholars through stage-specific funding, mentoring and professional development activities at the Transition, Achieving Candidacy and Beyond the Doctorate Stages. 3) Develop, reward and disseminate models for fostering an environment of inclusiveness. Our program will be led by five research-active faculty PIs who are well positioned to engage their colleagues in IMSD activities. In addition, our IMSD is strongly supported by the Provost who will sponsor an annual Diversity Conference to discuss progress, problems and new strategies for diversifying the biomedical and behavioral graduate student body and faculty.
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1 |
2015 — 2016 |
Petersen, Sandra L |
R21Activity Code Description: To encourage the development of new research activities in categorical program areas. (Support generally is restricted in level of support and in time.) |
Role of Cugbp2 in E2 and Tcdd Regulation of Apoptosis in Developing Brain @ University of Massachusetts Amherst
? DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term goal of this project is to understand how the arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and estrogen receptors (ERs) interact to regulate sexual differentiation of neural functions. We will use the AhR- and ER-rich anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) as a model to study such interactions. In rodents, sexual differentiation of the AVPV occurs during perinatal life when E2 synthesized in the male AVPV triggers apoptosis, thereby decreasing the size of the adult male AVPV and abolishing the potential for luteinizing hormone (LH) surge release. Developmental exposure to TCDD blocks apoptosis in the male AVPV and prevents defeminization of the LH surge mechanism. To understand how ER and AhR interact in the differentiation process, we used expression microarrays and identified CUG triplet repeat binding protein 2 (Cugbp2) as an AVPV gene that differs between males and females and is oppositely regulated by E2 and TCDD. Cugbp2 is an RNA-binding protein that regulates cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox2) mRNA translation and decreases Cox2 protein levels. Cox2 up- regulates Bcl2, a pro-survival protein that is higher in the female than in the male AVPV. In these exploratory studies, we will test the following hypothesis: E2 upregulates Cugbp2 mRNA and protein levels in GABAergic neurons of the developing male AVPV. Thus, Cox2 protein levels decline and this reduces Bcl2 expression and increases apoptosis. TCDD interferes with E2 upregulation of Cugbp2 expression in the AVPV and prevents apoptosis and defeminization. To test this hypothesis, we will verify that E2 and TCDD oppositely regulate Cugbp2 in GABAergic neurons in vivo and in vitro. We will also determine whether E2 and TCDD act through Cugbp2 to regulate Cox2 and Bcl2 expression, as well as downstream caspase 3 and 7 activity important for apoptotic cell death. Our findings will provide new insights into how E2 and TCDD regulate sexual differentiation of neural functions. Moreover, Cugbp2 has recently been implicated in late-onset Alzheimer's disease and also shown to play a role in neuronal apoptosis after global ischemia and reperfusion. Thus, our findings will provide new insights into how E2, and perhaps TCDD, affect neural disease and damage. Finally, our investigations of E2 and TCDD regulation of Cugbp2 may identify RNA binding proteins as important new targets through which AhR and ERs regulate cellular functions.
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1 |
2017 — 2018 |
Petersen, Sandra L |
R21Activity Code Description: To encourage the development of new research activities in categorical program areas. (Support generally is restricted in level of support and in time.) |
Dioxin and Estradiol Regulation of Proteins Through Cugbp2 @ University of Massachusetts Amherst
Abstract The long-term goal of this research is to understand how developmental exposure to the arylhydrocarbon receptor agonist, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), interferes with estradiol (E2)-dependent sexual differentiation of neural functions. We will use the AhR- and ER-rich anterorventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) as a model to study such interactions. In rodents, sexual differentiation of the AVPV occurs during perinatal life when E2 synthesized in the male AVPV triggers apoptosis, thereby decreasing the size of the adult male AVPV and abolishing the potential for luteinizing hormone (LH) surge release. Developmental exposure to TCDD blocks apoptosis in the male AVPV and prevents defeminization of the LH surge mechanism. We recently identified CUG triplet repeat binding protein 2 (Cugbp2) as an AVPV gene that is expressed at higher levels in males and oppositely regulated by E2 and TCDD. Consistent with evidence that Cubp2 promotes apoptosis, E2 upregulates and TCDD downregulates its expression. Importantly, Cugbp2 is an RNA-binding protein that regulates translation, thereby altering protein levels. Until now, most research on sexual differentiation of the brain has focused on genomic, non-genomic and epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Our recent findings suggest that E2 and TCDD also act through Cugbp2 to affect post- transcriptional control of protein levels. In the proposed studies, we will use LC MS/MS TMT proteomics and bioinformatics strategies to identify protein targets, and CLIP-Seq to identify Cugbp2 binding sites in the transcriptome of the postnatal day 2 AVPV. We will then focus on those targets that, like Cugbp2, differ between the sexes, are oppositely regulated by TCDD and E2, and are unaffected in the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area. Using bioinformatics tools, we will identify functional clusters and pathways likely regulated by these proteins. Finally, we will use siRNA to deplete Cugbp2 from hypothalamic cell lines that model AVPV neurons and use those cells to verify that effects of E2 and TCDD on identified proteins require Cugbp2. Our findings will provide new avenues for studying sexual differentiation of the brain and determining how exposure to TCDD disrupts differentiation. Moreover, Cugbp2 has recently been implicated in late-onset Alzheimer?s disease and also shown to play a role in neuronal apoptosis after global ischemia and reperfusion. Thus, our findings may provide new targets for therapeutics to alter the risk of neurodegenerative diseases and to prevent permanent damage related to stroke. Finally, results of our studies will provide information important for mechanism-based risk assessment of AhR ligands.
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1 |