1985 — 1987 |
Kraemer, Gary W |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Neurobiology of Explosive Violence @ University of Wisconsin Madison
This project will examine the neurobiological impact of early social deprivation rearing that can lead to an explosive violence syndrome in rhesus monkeys. In juvenile and adolescent monkeys, this syndrome is characterized by inappropriate, and often unsignalled, fierce attacks on other monkeys which are not mitigated by the victims age, gender, or size. The effects of differential rearing on neurotransmitter metabolism and social behavior will be determined throughout the study. To begin, measures of biogenic amine neurotransmitters and their metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid will be obtained from rhesus monkeys shortly after birth. Groups matched on these measures will be reared for the first 9 months of life in peer groups or in individual cages. Then the deprived monkeys will be housed in social groups of like-reared subjects. When they are first put into social groups, the socially deprived monkeys will have disrupted dominance and affiliative relationships and inordinately high levels of socially deprived monkeys will be behaviorally rehabilitated using established techniques of providing nurturing social contact with socially competent monkeys, i.e.," monkey therapists." After this treatment the behavior and neurochemical characteristics of the socially reared and socially deprived subjects will be similar on a day-to-day basis. Under this veneer will be differences in the neurobiological mechanisms that control aggression. Inordinate aggression will surface insocially deprived monkeys when they have to adapt to crowded housing conditions, introduction into new social groups, or to pharmacological challenges with d-amphetamine or alcohol. These challenges will reveal the underlying propensity for unregulated aggression and the inordinate neurochemical changes associated with outbursts. Effects of the challenges on CSF neurotransmitter measures will define a neurobiological syndrome underlying violent aggression that can be detected before aggressive outbursts, and show which subjects are at risk for this behavior. Definition of the pattern of changes may suggest further pharmacological or behavioral interventions that could limit or prevent violent outbursts.
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0.922 |
1997 |
Kraemer, Gary W |
P51Activity Code Description: To support centers which include a multidisciplinary and multi-categorical core research program using primate animals and to maintain a large and varied primate colony which is available to affiliated, collaborative, and visiting investigators for basic and applied biomedical research and training. |
Psychobiol Effects of Rearing On Cognition, Emotion, &Social Behavior in Rhesus @ University of Wisconsin Madison
substance abuse related disorder; mental disorders; cognition; mother /infant health care; drug screening /evaluation; Primates; Mammalia; biological products; growth factor; nervous system; behavioral /social science research tag;
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0.922 |
1999 — 2004 |
Kraemer, Gary W |
P51Activity Code Description: To support centers which include a multidisciplinary and multi-categorical core research program using primate animals and to maintain a large and varied primate colony which is available to affiliated, collaborative, and visiting investigators for basic and applied biomedical research and training. R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Effects of Juvenile Experience On Maternal Psychobiology @ University of Wisconsin Madison
Early experience plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of inadequate maternal care in primates. In humans, abused and/or neglected female children are likely to become abusive and neglectful mothers. Despite the regularity of the relationship between early rearing and later pathogenesis of maternal behavior, the pathogenic mechanism is not understood. While learning to mother undoubtedly plays a role in the development of adequate maternal care, it is evident that a new parent must be "responsive" and attracted to neonates, but not fearful or indifferent. In many mammals, maternal responsiveness to offspring is hormonally regulated. There is compelling evidence that early social experience alters the development of brain neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine systems in nonhuman primates. We propose to test the hypothesis that differences in early rearing experience provide an etiology for pathogenic maternal behavior by altering brain neuroendocrine and neurotransmitter systems which regulate how the adult perceives and responds to infant stimuli. The study design will elucidate the effects of developmental caregiving experience (DCE) on the development of brain neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine systems, and later parental behavior in the common marmoset monkey. Marmoset juveniles and young adults of both sexes usually assist their mother and father in care of younger siblings and gain DCE. Adult female marmosets that do not have DCE reject or kill their first-born, so the effects of early experience appear to be critical for the later expression of maternal behavior in this primate. We propose to rear marmosets with and without opportunity to gain DCE. Early brain peptidergic and bioamine responses to DCE will be determined. HPA axis, bioamine, peptidergic responses to separation from the natal group, novel environments, and pairing with an adult member of the opposite sex will be determined. Using an operant response paradigm, reward value and biological response to infant visual, auditory, and olfactory cues will be determined prior to and after hormonal priming associated with pregnancy and parturition. The results will enable us to begin to localize brain mechanisms responsible for maternal responsiveness in a primate species, and provide an initial understanding of how these mechanisms contribute to the pathogenic maternal behavior.
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0.922 |
2005 |
Kraemer, Gary W |
P51Activity Code Description: To support centers which include a multidisciplinary and multi-categorical core research program using primate animals and to maintain a large and varied primate colony which is available to affiliated, collaborative, and visiting investigators for basic and applied biomedical research and training. |
Juvenile Experience and Maternal Psychobiology @ University of Wisconsin Madison |
0.922 |