Area:
Industrial Psychology
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High-probability grants
According to our matching algorithm, Louis A. Penner is the likely recipient of the following grants.
Years |
Recipients |
Code |
Title / Keywords |
Matching score |
2006 — 2007 |
Penner, Louis A. |
R21Activity Code Description: To encourage the development of new research activities in categorical program areas. (Support generally is restricted in level of support and in time.) |
Using Doctor-Patient Teams to Reduce Health Disparities
[unreadable] DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): There is substantial evidence that in the U.S. the health status of members of racial/ethnic minorities is poorer than that of non-Hispanic whites. Reducing health disparities is a major priority of the federal government. There are many reasons for these health disparities, but a large research literature suggests that 1 major cause is that poorer health care is provided to members of racial/ethnic minorities than to non-Hispanic whites. Although there are multiple reasons for this poorer health care, a recent Institute of Medicine Committee concluded that the attitudes and beliefs of both doctors and patients may play a major role by affecting the climate of medical interactions involving minority group members. This study will empirically examine the validity of this and other conclusions of the IOM committee and explore the efficacy of an intervention that is designed to reduce the impact of patient-physician attitudes and beliefs on medical interactions. Therefore the major aims of this study are to : (1) examine how patient and physician attitudes and beliefs directly affect the climate of medical interactions involving minority group patients and compare this to interactions with majority group patients (2)determine how the climate of medical interactions affect health-related behaviors and health status of minority patients, (3) investigate the effects of an intervention designed to create doctor-patient teams that work together to solve the patient's medical problems. This intervention is based on a social psychological model of reducing intergroup bias. The intervention is intended to reduce the effects of preexisting physician and patient attitudes and beliefs that may adversely affect the climate of medical interactions. Producing this change should result in better health-related behaviors and eventually the health status of minority patients. The study will be conducted in a large urban primary care clinic that primarily serves African-American patients. In the first phase of the study, the associations between patient/physician attitudes/beliefs and (a) the climate of medical interactions and (b) subsequent health-related behaviors and health status will be examined In the second phase, a randomized field experiment will be used to test the effectiveness of the intervention. If successful, the study should provide an exportable means of improving communication between physicians and minority group patients and reducing disparities in health care. [unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable]
|
0.943 |
2009 — 2014 |
Penner, Louis A. |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Resources, Parent-Child Communication and Adjustment to Pediatric Cancer
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Many pediatric cancer patients and their parents experience serious psychosocial problems during and long after completing treatment. Designing interventions to significantly reduce these problems requires understanding their origins. Thus, our primary objective is to identify specific factors that directly and indirectly affect psychosocial adjustment. Previous research shows: (a) both parents'and children's long-term psychosocial outcomes are rooted in the treatment experience;(b) invasive treatment procedures during clinic visits (e.g., lumbar punctures) are one of the most stressful aspects of pediatric cancer;and thus (c) negative responses to these procedures (e.g., distress) place parents and children at greater risk for subsequent psychosocial problems. We have found that variability in children's immediate responses to treatment procedures is associated with variability in situational resources (i.e., resources on days of clinic visits) and in parent-child communication patterns during clinic visits. Our model of causes of psychosocial problems associated with pediatric cancer is based on these and other empirical findings. It posits that: (a) stable family resources (i.e., social, personal, and fiscal/material resources) directly affect parents'and children's psychosocial well-being;(b) stable and situational family resources affect parent-child communication during clinic visits;and (c) parent-child communication affects their responses to procedures and subsequent psychosocial adjustment. Our first aim (Phase 1) is to replicate and extend prior research on relationships among the variables in the model and to determine the viability of the overall model. Our second aim (Phase 2) is to experimentally test causal relationships between specific variables in the model and parents'and children's responses to procedures. We will conduct two separate experiments that manipulate specific situational resources and parent communication behavior and examine the direct and/or indirect effects on immediate responses to treatment procedures and on subsequent psychosocial adjustment. Phase 1 will enroll 130-150 total families of recently diagnosed pediatric cancer patients at two institutions. Families'stable resources and situational resources on days of clinic visits will be assessed. Parent-child interactions during three clinic visits will be video recorded and responses to treatment procedures will be assessed. Children's and parents'psychosocial adjustment will be assessed three, six, and nine months after completion of video-recorded clinic visits. In Phase 2, 130-150 families from the two institutions will be randomly assigned to control and experimental treatment conditions. Experimental groups will receive the manipulations. Control groups will receive standard of care. Families will be assessed in the same manner as in Phase 1. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Previous research indicates that: (a) invasive treatment procedures are one of the most stressful aspects of pediatric cancer and (b) parents'and children's negative long-term psychosocial outcomes are rooted in distress reactions associated with those procedures. Families'personal and social resources at the time of treatment and parent-child communication patterns during treatment-related clinic visits are associated with children's responses (i.e., pain and distress) to treatment procedures. The proposed study will identify and experimentally test relationships between specific social and personal resources and parent-child communication and parent/child immediate responses to treatment procedures and psychosocial adjustment. The study will provide the basis for interventions ameliorating some of the major negative psychosocial effects of pediatric cancer.
|
0.943 |