| 1985 — 2002 |
Nelson, David A |
R01Activity Code Description:
To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Auditory Analysis and Sensorineural Hearing Loss @ University of Minnesota Twin Cities
The long-term objectives of this research are to determine the limitations in auditory analysis associated with sensorineural hearing loss, to discover the mechanisms of peripheral processing that are most affected by cochlear pathology, and to develop ways of assessing the effects of cochlear pathology on auditory analysis. Research into the limitations in auditory temporal analysis focuses on the ability to hear signals during short moments of silence in masking sounds with fluctuating envelopes, much like the fluctuating sounds in our environment that interfere with hearing speech in every day life. Emphasis is placed on a little-studied phenomenon that provides persons with normal hearing with the ability to do better by listening at frequencies far above the frequency of the interfering sound. The lack of that ability in some persons with cochlear hearing loss may account for why they do so poorly in noisy environments. This investigation of that phenomenon promises to provide new information about compressive nonlinearities in the normal ear, and the lack thereof in ears with cochlear hearing loss. In addition, the validity of a new test for assessing these abilities in clinical settings is evaluated. Mechanisms of suppression and excitation are investigated in persons with cochlear hearing loss with the aid of very low-frequency acoustic biasing tones, a procedure that provides a valuable link between human psychophysics and animal physiology. Finally, different techniques for measuring limitations in auditory frequency analysis are compared so that the results of previous research on this grant can be generalized to clinically practicable procedures. Since the measures of auditory analysis proposed here emphasize concepts of interference between one sound and another, the results of this research will have practical implications for preventative, diagnostic, and habilitative aspects of health care for the hearing-impaired patient. In addition, this research will aid our understanding of the mechanisms by which diseases of the ear affect the ability of human listeners to process the sounds around them, particularly speech.
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1 |
| 1987 — 1991 |
Nelson, David A |
R01Activity Code Description:
To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Auditory Analysis &Sensorineural Hearing Loss @ University of Minnesota Twin Cities
The long-term objectives of this research are to determine what limitations are imposed on auditory analysis by otopathologies underlying sensorineural hearing loss, how those limitations are influenced by frequency selective hearing losses, and whether or not different limitations are imposed by different sensorineural etiologies. Limitations in auditory analysis will be inferred from psychophysical measures of interference (masking) between one sound and another. To obtain estimates of limitations in auditory frequency analysis, frequency masking patterns between tones will be measured. Levels of remote-frequency tones will be determined that just mask fixed-intensity, fixed-frequency, probe tones; the resulting masking patterns are called psychophysical tuning curves. To obtain estimates of limitations in auditory temporal analysis, temporal masking patterns will be measured. Levels of temporally disparate tones will be determined that just mask fixed-intensity, fixed-frequency, probe tones; the resulting masking patterns are called isoprobe temporal masking curves. Masking patterns will be measured with forced-choice adaptive procedures in a nonsimultaneous (forward) masking paradigm. Both frequency masking patterns and temporal masking patterns will be obtained in the same sensorineural hearing-impaired listeners using probe tones at various sensation levels and frequency regions to determine whether suprathreshold sensory excitations are more vulnerable to interference in the sensorineural-impaired ear than in the normal-hearing ear. Results will be related to psychophysical models of auditory analysis and hearing impairment. Since the measures of auditory analysis proposed here emphasize concepts of interference between one sound and another, the results of this research will have practical implications for preventative, diagnostic, and habilitative aspects of health care for the hearing-impaired patient. In addition, this research will aid our understanding of the mechanisms by which diseases of the ear affect the ability of human listeners to process the sounds around them, particularly speech.
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1 |
| 1991 |
Nelson, David A |
R15Activity Code Description:
Supports small-scale research projects at educational institutions that provide baccalaureate or advanced degrees for a significant number of the Nation’s research scientists but that have not been major recipients of NIH support. The goals of the program are to (1) support meritorious research, (2) expose students to research, and (3) strengthen the research environment of the institution. Awards provide limited Direct Costs, plus applicable F&A costs, for periods not to exceed 36 months. This activity code uses multi-year funding authority; however, OER approval is NOT needed prior to an IC using this activity code. |
Analysis of Hyperthermia of Giant Cell Tumors of Bone @ Michigan Technological University
DESCRIPTION: (Adapted from investigator's abstract) The goal of the proposed work is modeling of hyperthermia in the spongy tissue of long bones. This will simulate the thermal effects of acrylic cementation following curettage of a giant cell tumor of bone. The procedure has been shown to result in a lower rate of tumor recurrence than is seen with curettage followed by bone grafting. The ultimate goal of hyperthermia modeling is optimizaiton of heating profiles so as to effectively kill tumorigenic cells without extensive damage to normal healthy tissue. The analyses will be performed using a general coordinate, three-dimensional grid generation code (Program Eagle) and a finite difference solver. Geometric data will be obtained from three-dimensional restrictions of CT and MRI images and the three-dimensionsl reconstructions of CT and MRI images. The three-dimesnional reconstructions will be supplied by the collaborating investigators.
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0.934 |
| 1992 |
Nelson, David A |
P01Activity Code Description:
For the support of a broadly based, multidisciplinary, often long-term research program which has a specific major objective or a basic theme. A program project generally involves the organized efforts of relatively large groups, members of which are conducting research projects designed to elucidate the various aspects or components of this objective. Each research project is usually under the leadership of an established investigator. The grant can provide support for certain basic resources used by these groups in the program, including clinical components, the sharing of which facilitates the total research effort. A program project is directed toward a range of problems having a central research focus, in contrast to the usually narrower thrust of the traditional research project. Each project supported through this mechanism should contribute or be directly related to the common theme of the total research effort. These scientifically meritorious projects should demonstrate an essential element of unity and interdependence, i.e., a system of research activities and projects directed toward a well-defined research program goal. |
Mechanisms of Auditory &Vestibular Dysfunction @ University of Minnesota Twin Cities
This Center Grant continues a set of interrelated multidisciplinary investigations into the fundamental psychophysical, physiological, and morphological aspects of auditory and vestibular dysfunction. One set of investigations is concerned with the perceptual consequences of cochlear and retrocochlear malfunctions in persons with hearing disorders. These psychophysical investigations include experiments designed to assess specific properties of impaired hearing and to relate those properties to deficits in speech perception. Another set of investigations, involving animal models, is concerned with the anatomical, physiological, and psychophysical correlates of well-defined experimentally induced inner ear damage and the mechanisms by which this damage affects auditory function. Finally, experiments are proposed on those disorders that also affect hearing. This project is a multidisciplinary and vestibular physiology, sensory psychology, audiology, and otolaryngology. The history of this program demonstrates both the financial efficiency and the scientific effectiveness of the Center-Grant concept. This collaborative program of research will continue to advance our understanding of the characteristics and mechanisms of hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction, and will have direct implications for clinical diagnosis and eventual management of disorders of hearing and vestibular function.
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1 |
| 1993 — 1997 |
Nelson, David A |
P01Activity Code Description:
For the support of a broadly based, multidisciplinary, often long-term research program which has a specific major objective or a basic theme. A program project generally involves the organized efforts of relatively large groups, members of which are conducting research projects designed to elucidate the various aspects or components of this objective. Each research project is usually under the leadership of an established investigator. The grant can provide support for certain basic resources used by these groups in the program, including clinical components, the sharing of which facilitates the total research effort. A program project is directed toward a range of problems having a central research focus, in contrast to the usually narrower thrust of the traditional research project. Each project supported through this mechanism should contribute or be directly related to the common theme of the total research effort. These scientifically meritorious projects should demonstrate an essential element of unity and interdependence, i.e., a system of research activities and projects directed toward a well-defined research program goal. |
Mechanisms of Auditory and Vestibular Dysfunction @ University of Minnesota Twin Cities |
1 |
| 1999 — 2003 |
Nelson, David A |
P50Activity Code Description:
To support any part of the full range of research and development from very basic to clinical; may involve ancillary supportive activities such as protracted patient care necessary to the primary research or R&D effort. The spectrum of activities comprises a multidisciplinary attack on a specific disease entity or biomedical problem area. These grants differ from program project grants in that they are usually developed in response to an announcement of the programmatic needs of an Institute or Division and subsequently receive continuous attention from its staff. Centers may also serve as regional or national resources for special research purposes. |
Mechanisms of Auditory Dysfunction @ University of Minnesota Twin Cities
This Program Project Grant, Mechanisms of Auditory Dysfunction, consists of interrelated mulitdisciplinary investigations of psychophysical, speech perception, and physiological aspects of auditory dysfunction. The collaborative theme during this renewal is mechanisms of electrical hearing. Subprojects 1 and 2 are concerned with perceptual measures of electrical hearing in human cochlear implant subjects. They will characterize important aspects of intensity and temporal coding in electrical hearing, and relate psychophysical measures of intensity and temporal processing to specific aspects of speech recognition performance obtained in Subproject 3. Subproject 4 examines the physiological correlates of electrically stimulated hearing, the mechanisms by which electrical stimulation excites surviving auditory nerve fibers, and the limitations to psychophysical performance that might be imposed by auditory nerve responses. This program is a multidisciplinary effort involving collaboration among eight investigators, with expertise in auditory physiology, sensory psychology, audiology, phychoacoustics, and otolaryngology. The program, currently in its twenty-third year, makes use of the Program-Project Grant mechanism to achieve scientific collaboration and productivity in a cost effective manner. Research funded by this grant will continue to advance our understanding of the characteristics and mechanisms of hearing and hearing dysfunction and will have direct implications for clinical diagnosis and eventual management of hearing disorders.
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1 |
| 1999 — 2002 |
Nelson, David A |
P50Activity Code Description:
To support any part of the full range of research and development from very basic to clinical; may involve ancillary supportive activities such as protracted patient care necessary to the primary research or R&D effort. The spectrum of activities comprises a multidisciplinary attack on a specific disease entity or biomedical problem area. These grants differ from program project grants in that they are usually developed in response to an announcement of the programmatic needs of an Institute or Division and subsequently receive continuous attention from its staff. Centers may also serve as regional or national resources for special research purposes. |
Speech Perception in Electrical Hearing @ University of Minnesota Twin Cities
sound perception; speech recognition; evaluation /testing; electrophysiology; cues; cochlear implants; deafness; auditory stimulus; medical implant science; psychophysiology; auditory discrimination; clinical research; human subject;
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1 |
| 1999 — 2002 |
Nelson, David A |
P50Activity Code Description:
To support any part of the full range of research and development from very basic to clinical; may involve ancillary supportive activities such as protracted patient care necessary to the primary research or R&D effort. The spectrum of activities comprises a multidisciplinary attack on a specific disease entity or biomedical problem area. These grants differ from program project grants in that they are usually developed in response to an announcement of the programmatic needs of an Institute or Division and subsequently receive continuous attention from its staff. Centers may also serve as regional or national resources for special research purposes. |
Temporal Coding in Electrical Hearing @ University of Minnesota Twin Cities
sound perception; evaluation /testing; neural information processing; cochlear implants; auditory discrimination; deafness; electrophysiology; medical implant science; psychometrics; electrical impedance; neural facilitation; speech recognition; clinical research; human subject;
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1 |
| 2004 |
Nelson, David A |
M01Activity Code Description:
An award made to an institution solely for the support of a General Clinical Research Center where scientists conduct studies on a wide range of human diseases using the full spectrum of the biomedical sciences. Costs underwritten by these grants include those for renovation, for operational expenses such as staff salaries, equipment, and supplies, and for hospitalization. A General Clinical Research Center is a discrete unit of research beds separated from the general care wards. |
A Randomized, Open-Label Phase I/Ii Study to Evaluate the Safety and Pharmacoki.
interleukin 10; hepatitis C; human therapy evaluation; drug screening /evaluation; pharmacokinetics; immunotherapy; clinical trial phase II; medical complication; chronic disease /disorder; clinical trial phase I; liver cirrhosis; hepatitis C virus; patient oriented research; human subject; clinical research;
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0.964 |
| 2004 |
Nelson, David A |
M01Activity Code Description:
An award made to an institution solely for the support of a General Clinical Research Center where scientists conduct studies on a wide range of human diseases using the full spectrum of the biomedical sciences. Costs underwritten by these grants include those for renovation, for operational expenses such as staff salaries, equipment, and supplies, and for hospitalization. A General Clinical Research Center is a discrete unit of research beds separated from the general care wards. |
Host Genes or Pathways Involved in Immune-Mediated Response to Thymosin Alpha-1
immune response; alpha 1 antitrypsin; thymosin; complementary DNA; gene expression; microarray technology; human subject; clinical research;
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0.964 |
| 2005 — 2009 |
Nelson, David A |
R01Activity Code Description:
To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Auditory Analysis in Electric Hearing @ University of Minnesota Twin Cities
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This research uses psychophysical measures of electrical hearing to investigate limitations in auditory analysis that may affect the perception of speech and other sounds through a cochlear implant. Work in the current proposal focuses on the spatial resolution needed to resolve spectral acoustic cues. Cochlear implants encode stimulus frequency by electrode position along the cochlear duct, with the assumption that different electrodes excite unique populations of auditory nerve fibers. This assumption may be violated in the case of reduced neural survival; thus, individual differences in spatial resolution may explain much of the variability in speech recognition observed among cochlear implant users. Psychoacoustic experiments proposed in this project aim to characterize individual differences in spatial resolution, to compare different measures of spatial resolution, and to determine which measures of spatial resolution predict speech perception in quiet and in noise. Forward-masked spatial tuning curves (fmSTCs) obtained with a fixed-level probe will provide measures of spatial selectivity across electrodes, and evaluation of the tip locations of fmSTCs for different probe electrodes will provide an estimate of neural distribution patterns, or neurotopicity. Measures of spatial resolution obtained from fmSTCs will be compared to measures of tonotopicity (electrode pitch magnitude estimation and electrode pitch ranking), and other measures of spatial resolution that may be clinically practicable (across-channel gap detection and phase dependent threshold shift). The general hypothesis is that measures obtained at stimulus levels near threshold will provide evidence of the distribution of surviving auditory nerve fibers and of spatial selectivity, whereas measures performed at suprathreshold amplitudes will reflect the spatial resolution capabilities of large regions of auditory nerve fibers, but will provide less information about nerve-fiber distributions or spatial selectivity. The effects of stimulus level, pulse rate and electrode configuration will be assessed for selected measures of spatial resolution. Measures of spatial resolution will be related to measures of speech recognition in quiet and noise, including measures of spectral and temporal cue perception. Findings should enhance our understanding of spatial phenomena in electrical hearing and lead to improved strategies for mapping speech processors in individual patients.
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1 |
| 2005 |
Nelson, David A |
M01Activity Code Description:
An award made to an institution solely for the support of a General Clinical Research Center where scientists conduct studies on a wide range of human diseases using the full spectrum of the biomedical sciences. Costs underwritten by these grants include those for renovation, for operational expenses such as staff salaries, equipment, and supplies, and for hospitalization. A General Clinical Research Center is a discrete unit of research beds separated from the general care wards. |
Effectiveness of Eeg Biofeedback in the Treatment of Fibromyalgia @ Oregon Health and Science University |
0.931 |