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High-probability grants
According to our matching algorithm, Timothy H. Goldsmith is the likely recipient of the following grants.
Years |
Recipients |
Code |
Title / Keywords |
Matching score |
1982 — 1985 |
Goldsmith, Mary [⬀] Goldsmith, Timothy |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Origin and Regulation of the Electrical Properties of the Plasma Membrane and Tonoplast of Cells of Oat Seedlings |
0.915 |
1985 — 1997 |
Goldsmith, Timothy H |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Visual Mechanisms
This research program has to do with photoreceptor cells, and it has two distinct foci: I -- The photoreceptor cells of arthropods exhibit even higher rates of membrane renewal than do vertebrates. Their visual pigments, on the of membrane renewal than do vertebrates. Their visual pigments, on the other hand, do not ordinarily bleach in the light. Regeneration of arthropod visual pigment frequently involves de novo synthesis of opsin rather than chromophore exchange, but the means by which 11-cis retinoid is restored are not clear. In some species there is evidence for a violet-sensitive photoisomerase, and a soluble protein with appropriate properties have been found in honeybees. Moreover, some arthropods employ 3- hydroxyretinal in their visual system. Understanding of alternate molecular strategies is a prerequisite for deeper understanding of the vertebrate visual system. The fate of the several geometric isomers of retinal, retinol, retinyl esters, and their 3-hydroxy analogues will be studied by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in selected key species as a function of the daily rhythm of membrane shedding and of light and dark adaptation. The several retinoid binding proteins will be purified and their spectral, catalytic and other properties explored. Antibodies will be made to some of these proteins, so that they can be localized in the tissue by light and electronmicroscopy. The cellular distribution of the 3-dehydro- retinal-based visual pigment of the crayfish will be measured by microspectrophotometry (MSP). II -- The peripheral basis of avian color vision will be further examined. Spectral sensitivity functions of individual cones will be measured by using suction pipettes to record their photocurrents. This work will be correlated with additional measurements of the carotenoid composition, absorbance, and fluorescence of cone oil droplets, using MSP as well as spectrofluorometry and spectrophotometry of the pigments following extraction and separation by HPLC.
|
1 |
1999 — 2003 |
Goldsmith, Timothy |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Color Vision in Birds
We know very little about the nature of color vision in vertebrate animals other than mammals. Humans and some primates have three color pigments in the photoreceptor cells called cones, which are in the retina of the eye. One of these pigments is fairly recently evolved from a gene duplication event. The three pigments provide color vision that is called trichromatic. Birds are one of the non-mammalian groups where many species have excellent color vision, but pigeons are the single species to have been extensive experimental subjects. Birds have maintained four evolutionary ancient lineages of pigments, giving the potential for tetrachromatic color vision that extends into the ultraviolet (UV) region of the visual spectrum. Birds are also unlike mammals in having cone cells that include colored oil droplets within them that can act as color filters, and represent another evolutionary elaboration. This project uses quantitative behavioral testing to study color matches, hue saturation and wavelength discrimination by budgerigars, using narrow wavelength bands of light. The results will address how UV cones participate in color vision, the relation between colored oil droplets and visual pigments, and where the peaks are for optimal wavelength discrimination. This comparative work will be important because color vision often has a major ecological role in communication and foraging. The impact is likely to extend to how other multi-pigment color vision systems work in other animals including invertebrates, and this knowledge could be useful in aspects of molecular evolution, and in design of artificial visual sensors.
|
0.915 |