We are testing a new system for linking grants to scientists.
The funding information displayed below comes from the
NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools and the
NSF Award Database.
The grant data on this page is limited to grants awarded in the United States and is thus partial. It can nonetheless be used to understand how funding patterns influence mentorship networks and vice-versa, which has deep implications on how research is done.
You can help! If you notice any innacuracies, please
sign in and mark grants as correct or incorrect matches.
Sign in to see low-probability grants and correct any errors in linkage between grants and researchers.
High-probability grants
According to our matching algorithm, Claire L Warriner is the likely recipient of the following grants.
Years |
Recipients |
Code |
Title / Keywords |
Matching score |
2016 — 2017 |
Warriner, Claire Louise |
F31Activity Code Description: To provide predoctoral individuals with supervised research training in specified health and health-related areas leading toward the research degree (e.g., Ph.D.). |
Motor Cortical Control of Voluntary Forelimb Muscle Activity @ Columbia University Health Sciences
Project summary/abstract The alternating contraction of opposing flexor and extensor muscles, known as antagonist pairs, creates the rhythmic limb movement of locomotion. This phenomenon is regulated in part by reciprocal inhibition: sensory feedback from an active muscle excites the Ia interneuron, which then inhibits that muscle's antagonist. However, when a task requires limb stiffness and joint stability, this circuit must be overridden to allow co-contraction of both flexor and extensor muscles. Previous studies have indicated that motor cortex is responsible for the reduction of reciprocal inhibition observed during voluntary co-contraction, but its mechanism of action is unknown. Elucidating how motor cortex recruits spinal circuits to permit antagonist muscle co-contraction will further our understanding of the neural control of voluntary movement. Monkey and cat studies have reported that intracortical inhibition is reduced during voluntary co- contraction, indicating that this reduction may be necessary for co-contraction. Neural recording studies in monkey found that a discrete population of corticospinal neurons (CSNs) increases its activity during co- contraction but not during extension or flexion, indicating that increased CSN activity may be required for this behavior. Of the CSNs, a subgroup that synapses on a type of spinal interneuron known as the GABApre (CSN-GABApres) is a likely candidate for antagonist muscle control. This is supported by findings that indicate the GABApre interneuron is capable of reducing reciprocal inhibition and that the type of inhibition GABApres exert is increased during co-contraction. This evidence leads us to hypothesize that during this behavior, intracortical inhibition is decreased, the activity of CSNs, in particular CSN-GABApres, is increased, and that this activity is necessary for voluntary co-contraction. To test these hypotheses, we will record motor cortical activity in mouse during a novel behavioral paradigm that elicits either co-contraction or alternation of the forelimb triceps-biceps antagonist muscle pair. Putative cortical interneurons will be identified by the width of their action potential waveform and CSNs will be identified by optogenetic activation of their axons. A novel tracing technique will also allow the optical identification of CSN-GABApres during recording. The importance of CSN and CSN-GABApre activity to the reduction of spinal reciprocal inhibition and thus the execution of co-contraction will be tested by optogenetic inactivation of these cells during co-contraction as compared to alternation. The findings generated by these experiments will clarify the neural mechanisms that underlie the control of antagonist muscles and voluntary movement. This information could eventually be applied to treatment for stroke and spinal cord injury patients or contribute to the development of neural prostheses for movement-impaired individuals.
|
1 |