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High-probability grants
According to our matching algorithm, Randi Martin is the likely recipient of the following grants.
Years |
Recipients |
Code |
Title / Keywords |
Matching score |
1985 — 2001 |
Martin, Randi C |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Short Term Memory and Syntactic Deficits in Aphasia
DESCRIPTION: (Adapted From The Applicant's Abstract.) The intent of the proposed research is to relate aphasic patients' reduced memory spans to single word processing, to sentence comprehension and production, and to long-term learning. A basic assumption of this research is that there are separable phonological and lexical- semantic contributions to memory span that may be independently disrupted in different patients.Patients' performance on word perception, lexical comprehension and word production will be evaluated to determine the extent to which there is a correspondence or dissociation between phonological and semantic abilities in word processing and phonological and semantic retention capacities. One issue to be addressed is whether there are separable input and output phonological STM capacities that relate to patients' speech perception and production abilities. At the level of sentence processing, the proposed research will investigate whether the lexical-semantic retention capacity that appears to be involved in sentence comprehension also plays an important role in speech production. Although phonological STM does not appear to be critical to sentence comprehension, it is possible that this capacity is involved in speech planning at the phonological level. With regard to long-term learning, the proposed studies will investigate whether deficits in the short-term retention at the phonological and lexical-semantic levels lead to impaired long-term learning deficits for phonological and lexical-semantic information. A modified case study approach will be used, in that a relatively small number of patients will be tested on a large number of tasks. The advantage of the case study approach is that dissociations that might be present in a few cases (e.g., good syntactic comprehension together with reduced memory span) might be masked in group data. The approach differs from typical case studies, however, in that a number of patients will be tested on the same tasks. In this fashion it should be possible to determine whether deficits that appear to be associated in some cases are necessarily associated in all cases.
|
0.958 |
1991 — 2008 |
Martin, Randi C |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Short-Term Memory and Syntactic Deficits in Aphasia
The aim of the proposed research is to determine if the syntactic comprehension dificits noted in both Broca's aphasics and conduction aphasics can be attributed to a short term memory deficit. Patients of both aphasic types will be tested on a wide range of tasks designed to assess aspects of short term memory relevant to syntactic processing. These tasks include tests of recognition versus recall, modality effects, the retention of item verus order information, and the types of memory codes which patients arae able to use. However, even if patients of one or both aphasic group show short term memory deficits plausibly related to syntactic comprehension deficits, it would still be possible that they suffered and additional impairment specifically in syntactic processing mechanisms. Thus, patients will also be tested on their ability to carry out syntactic analyses where the number of words they have to retain for the analysis is varied systematically. If patients can carry out syntactic analyses for strings within their memory span, but break down as the number of words increases, such will constitute strong evidence that their syntactic comprehension difficulties stem from a short term memory deficit. On the other hand, if the patients are impaired on all tests of syntactic comprehension independent of the number of words to be retained, a loss of syntactic processing mechanisms would be implied. The results of this study will have implications for theories of language and the brain as well as for the diagnosis and treatment of aphasic deficits. Since different areas of the brain are damaged in Broca's aphasics and conduction aphasics, any differences noted between these patient types in terms of either short term memory abilities or syntactic processing abilities will help to delineate functions of these different brain regions. The implications for patient treatment are more long range. However, the procedures developed in carrying out the proposed research may provide the first step toward the design of a battery of tasks that could efficiently assess whether a sentence comprehension deficit was due to a short term memory deficit. Since the treatment given a patient would differ depending on the underlying cause of a comprehension impairment, the results of the battery would guide the type of remediation offered.
|
0.958 |
2002 — 2003 |
Martin, Randi C |
R21Activity Code Description: To encourage the development of new research activities in categorical program areas. (Support generally is restricted in level of support and in time.) |
Neuroimaging of Language Production Using Overt Speech
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed research will test methods for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of language production using overt speech responses. Most fMRI studies of language production have used covert speech because of the susceptibility of this imaging method to movement artifacts. The use of covert speech, however, prevents the experimenter from monitoring subjects' compliance with the task and from obtaining important behavioral measures that could be related to the MR signal. The need to evaluate the accuracy of subjects' performance is particularly critical for subjects with language impairments. The proposed experiments will evaluate single word, phrase and sentence production using tasks in which subjects can produce the target responses within a short time period following stimulus onset. An event-related analysis will be used which allows for ignoring images collected during actual speech movements that occur prior to the hemodynamic response to cortical processing. Methods will be developed for recording subjects' responses and for amplifying the signal using adaptive noise cancellation techniques. Both normal and aphasic patients will be tested in a word production experiment and normal individuals will be tested in a phrase and sentence production experiment. If responses extend into the hemodynamic response for some conditions for either normal subjects or aphasic patients, additional analysis techniques will be employed in an attempt to co-vary out signal changes induced by movement. The proposed studies will also provide preliminary information on substantive issues concerning the role of the left inferior frontal cortex in language production. Previous lesion and neuroimaging studies suggest that the left frontal cortex is involved in using semantic information to select a response from competitors and in maintaining semantic information in short-term memory. The proposed studies will address whether the same brain region is involved in both. If these methods provide reliable and interpretable results, they will provide a means of determining the neural structures involved in producing speech for single-word and multi-word utterances. These methods could be used to address a number of health-related issues including evaluating reorganization of cortical function following recovery from stroke or other brain injury and determining language areas prior to surgery that might impinge on these areas.
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0.958 |