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High-probability grants
According to our matching algorithm, Jeffrey R. Stevens is the likely recipient of the following grants.
Years |
Recipients |
Code |
Title / Keywords |
Matching score |
2002 — 2005 |
Stevens, Jeffrey R |
F32Activity Code Description: To provide postdoctoral research training to individuals to broaden their scientific background and extend their potential for research in specified health-related areas. |
Psychological Constraints On Altruism and Reciprocity
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Altruism (donating goods or services with no immediate benefit) and reciprocity (taking turns behaving altruistically) are important topics in the behavioral sciences because individuals forego immediate benefits to gain larger, long-term rewards. Whereas reciprocity is a common part of human sociality, data suggest that it rarely occurs in non-human social systems. The proposed study explores the hypothesis that the psychological complexity involved in tracking debts owed and favors given prevents reciprocity in non-human animals. Despite a large literature that examines the effects of numerical ability (quantifying reward amounts and delay to reward) and self-control on individual choice behavior, psychological constraints on altruism in non-human animals has largely been ignored. This project first tests individual cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedious) in three tasks--number discrimination, temporal discrimination, and self-control--to establish constraints in psychological ability. The tamarins then play cooperative games using reward systems falling within and outside of the previously determined constraints to examine their influence on cooperative behavior. This project provides an innovative synthesis of mechanistic and evolutionary perspectives to provide a novel framework upon which future experiments on altruism and cooperation can build.
|
0.957 |
2017 — 2021 |
Soh, Leen-Kiat (co-PI) [⬀] Stevens, Jeffrey |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Similarity as a Process Model of Intertemporal Choice @ University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Intertemporal choices are ones between receiving one benefit sooner or receiving a larger benefit later. These types of decisions are ubiquitous both for humans and animals and there are striking parallels between intertemporal decisions across species in terms of impulsivity. The ?similarity? model of choice, a relatively new approach to understanding decision making in humans, provides a cognitive and procedural mechanism whereby choices are made. The objective of this project is to determine whether this model can apply to animals and, specifically, to three species of jays. Understanding intertemporal choice in animals will allow us to investigate aspects of impulsivity that are not easy to test in humans and will yield insights into how and why humans make decisions in the way that they do. Intertemporal choices underlie some of the most pressing problems facing society from obesity to inadequate investment in retirement. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these choices can help people make better decisions by focusing their attention on the long-term benefits of a healthy lifestyle or a secure financial future.
The overarching objective of the project is to unify the study of intertemporal choice across humans and animals by applying a model developed for humans to other species. Specific goals are to (1) develop and validate an index of similarity in animals, (2) extend the similarity model of intertemporal choice to animals in foraging and social tasks, and (3) develop a general similarity model by including continuous similarity judgments. This project will provide the first test of a new class of models of intertemporal choice in animals, the first measurement and comparison of the similarity construct across different animal species, and the first test of similarity models across decision domains, thus improving our understanding of decision making and having critical implications for a range of fields. It also addresses the societal goals of providing research opportunities for a diverse range of undergraduates and involving the public in science through the development of software to engage and educate.
|
0.915 |