2008 |
Escobar, Martha C |
R15Activity Code Description: Supports small-scale research projects at educational institutions that provide baccalaureate or advanced degrees for a significant number of the Nation’s research scientists but that have not been major recipients of NIH support. The goals of the program are to (1) support meritorious research, (2) expose students to research, and (3) strengthen the research environment of the institution. Awards provide limited Direct Costs, plus applicable F&A costs, for periods not to exceed 36 months. This activity code uses multi-year funding authority; however, OER approval is NOT needed prior to an IC using this activity code. |
Disruption and Maintenance of Extinction and Other Forms of Interference in Assoc @ Auburn University At Auburn
[unreadable] DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The phenomena of stimulus interference in associative learning have been widely studied for more than 80 years; however, despite the many parallels between associative interference phenomena and associative learning phenomena, the two literatures began to come together only recently. Traditional conditioning phenomena such as extinction have come to be understood in terms of associative interference, and many different response recovery phenomena (e.g., renewal, reinstatement, and spontaneous recovery) suggest that the original association, A-B, is not erased by extinction treatment (A-O). Many other training regimes can attenuate responding based on A-B by omitting or replacing its antecedent event, A (e.g., A-B, C-B) or its subsequent event, B (e.g., A-B, A-C, i.e., counterconditioning). Although several behavior modification techniques are based upon the concepts of extinction (e.g., exposure therapy) and counterconditioning (e.g., systematic desensitization), there are few rigorous comparisons of the effectiveness of these procedures and even less investigation of the effectiveness of other procedures (e.g., A-B, C-B interference). Such comparisons could be of great clinical relevance when designing treatment strategies for behavior modification. Furthermore, a determination of the conditions under which relapse (i.e., recovery from extinction) is unlikely would aid in the development of techniques with long-term success rates. Several variables are ubiquitous in behavior modification situations, such as long intervals and unrelated life events occurring between acquisition of an association and treatment. Basic laboratory research can provide principles to determine the conditions under which interference treatments will be more/less effective, as well as guidelines as to how to increase the long-term maintenance of the desired behavioral outcome. The present application proposes to make several comparisons among different interference procedures, aimed at determining whether they reflect the operation of similar underlying processes and at comparing their relative effectiveness in attenuating behavior based on a previously acquired association. Different conditions known or thought to impair the development or long-term maintenance of interference- driven attenuations in behavior (i.e., retention intervals and irrelevant stimulation) will be systematically investigated in multiple paradigms. Furthermore, different manipulations (i.e., associative priming and reactivation of memories) aimed at restoring interference that has waned will be assessed. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Several classical conditioning procedures have served as the basis to develop treatments intended to attenuate maladaptive behaviors such as phobias and substance addiction. However, the prevalence of relapse (the return of those behaviors) is relatively high. The studies described here will investigate the underlying principles of the classical conditioning phenomena upon which these therapies are based to determine the conditions that favor and prevent relapse. [unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable]
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1 |
2014 — 2018 |
Russell, Jared (co-PI) [⬀] Fasina, Oladiran Shannon, Curtis (co-PI) [⬀] Russell, Melody Escobar, Martha |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Collaborative Research: the Tuskegee Alliance to Develop, Implement and Study a Virtual Graduate Education Model For Underrepresented Minorities in Stem.
Tuskegee University, Auburn University and Alabama State University will collaborate to create the Tuskegee Alliance to Forge Pathways to Academic Careers (T-PAC). This project was created in response to the NSF?s Alliances for Graduate Education and the Professoriate (AGEP) program solicitation (NSF 14-505) for the AGEP-Transformation (AGEP-T) track. The AGEP-T track targets strategic alliances of institutions and organizations to develop, implement, and study innovative evidence-based models and standards for STEM graduate education, postdoctoral training, and academic STEM career preparation that eliminate or mitigate negative factors and promote positive practices for URMs. The T-PAC project will develop, implement, study, and evaluate a model of STEM graduate education focusing on underrepresented minorities (URMs) who are U.S. citizens.
This proposed AGEP-T project will be unique and will have potential to contribute to foundational knowledge about how two Historically Black Universities that focus on baccalaureate degree production will collaborate with a research university to develop, implement and study a model of graduate education and comprehensive professional development for URM graduate students in STEM. The project will also emphasize on-line instruction and professional development. The lessons learned as this project progresses, and the ultimate results from the work, will provide information that will be beneficial to educators, administrators and policymakers, as well as the general public.
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0.915 |