| Riccardo Barbieri | Cognitive Neuroimaging, Perceptual Decision-Making, Visual Perception | | 2017 | | John Dylan Haynes (grad student) |
| Caroline Baufeld | | Neuropathology | 2012 | 2015 | Kelly R Miller (grad student) |
| Martin Bernhardt | | | | | Karl Friedrich Otto Westphal (post-doc) |
| Theodor (Christian Albert Theodor) Billroth | surgery | | | 1856 | Bernhard von Langenbeck (research scientist) |
| Francesco Boato | | | | | |
| Christina Bocklisch | Neocortex, synaptic plasticity | | 2013 | | Matthew Evan Larkum (post-doc) |
| Sam A. Booker | | | | | |
| Boris Bouazza Arostegui | Neurobiology | Institute of Neurophysiology | | | Christian Rosenmund (grad student) |
| Chia Ling Chang | | | | | Christian Rosenmund (grad student) |
| Andrew H. Clarke | Theoretical and clinical vestibular research | | | | |
| Gabriel Curio | Clinical Neurophysiology, Brain-Computer Interfaces | | | | Otto-Joachim Grüsser (grad student) |
| Roberto De Filippo | | | | | |
| Deepti D Deobagkar | | Institute of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics | | | Adolf Graessmann (research scientist) |
| Ulrich Dirnagl | | | | | |
| Tobias H. Donner | decision-making, perception, neuromodulation, psychophysics, modelling, neuroimaging | | 1997 | 2002 | Arno Villringer (grad student) |
| Achim Engelhorn | Auditory System, Interactive Cortical Neuroprosthesis | | 1993 | 1997 | Andrew H. Clarke (grad student) |
| Robert Friedrich Froriep | | | | | |
| Sabine Grosser | | Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy | 2015 | | Imre Vida (post-doc) |
| Alix Guinet | | Institute for Integrative Neuroanatomy | 2017 | | Imre Vida (grad student) |
| Anja Gundlfinger | Synaptic Physiology, Calcium Dynamics | | 2003 | 2008 | Dietmar Schmitz (grad student) |
| John-Dylan Haynes | | | | | |
| Zhengzheng He | | Institute for Integrative Neuroanatomy | 2017 | | Imre Vida (grad student) |
| Frank Heppner | | | | | |
| Melissa A. Herman | glutamatergic transmission | | | | Christian Rosenmund (post-doc) |
| Kerstin Irlbacher | | | | | |
| Nafisa M. Jadavji | Folate, neurodegeneration | | | | Ulrich Dirnagl (post-doc) |
| Stefanie Kehrer | Vision | | | | |
| Ahmed A. Khalil | | | | | |
| Georg Klemperer | | | 1887 | 1896 | Ernst Viktor von Leyden (post-doc) |
| Friedrich Kling | Optical Biology, Systems Neuroscience | | 2018 | 2018 | Christian Rosenmund (research assistant) |
| Theodor (Emil Theodor) Kocher | surgery | | 1865 | 1866 | Bernhard von Langenbeck (research assistant) |
| Martin Köhnlein | Neurology, Vision | | | | |
| Antje Kraft | Vision | | | | |
| Maria T. Kramarek | computational neuroscience | | 2010 | 2011 | Dietmar Schmitz (grad student) |
| Matthew L. Kraushar | neocortical development, post-transcriptional processing, mRNA translation | Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik | 2016 | 2018 | Christian M.T. Spahn (post-doc) |
| Moritz Litten | | | 1876 | 1882 | Friedrich von Frerichs (research scientist) |
| Rita Loureiro | | Institute for Integrative Neuroanatomy | 2018 | | Imre Vida (grad student) |
| Georg Albert Lücke | surgery | | 1860 | 1865 | Bernhard von Langenbeck (research scientist) |
| Vera U. Ludwig | decision-making, self-control, impulsivity, synesthesia, cross-modality, hypnosis | | | | |
| Richard Mahlberg | Sleep medicine, Chronobiology, Geriatric psychiatry | | | | |
| Konstantin L Makridis | | | | | |
| Claudia Männel | | | | | |
| Johann Heinrich Meckel von Hemsbach | Pathological anatomy | | | | |
| Susan Meier | | Cell Biology & Neurobiology | 2000 | 2004 | Nicolai E. Savaskan (grad student) |
| Leonor Michaelis | oxidation-reduction processes | | 1902 | 1906 | Ernst Viktor von Leyden (research scientist) |
| Kelly R Miller | Neuroscience, microglia, neurodegenerative disease | Neuropathology | 2009 | 2015 | Frank Heppner (post-doc) |
| Lisa Moritz | | Cell Biology | 2009 | 2011 | Nicolai E. Savaskan (grad student) |
| Genela Morris | decision making, dopamine, reinforcement learning, striatum, hippocampus | | | | Dietmar Schmitz (post-doc) |
| David Nachmansohn | electric organ of the electric eel | | 1924 | 1926 | Peter Rona (post-doc) |
| Naveen Nagarajan | Gene targeting | | | | Christian Rosenmund (grad student) |
| Robert Nitsch | | | | | Michael Frotscher (research scientist) |
| Marta Orlando | presynaptic ultrastructure | | | | |
| Yangfan Peng | microcircuit, synapse, patch-clamp, spatial navigation | Institut for Neurophysiology | 2017 | 2020 | Jörg Geiger (post-doc) |
| Ana L. Piña | | | | 1993 | Federico Bermudez-Rattoni (grad student) |
| Doris Pischedda | Cognitive neuroscience; decision making; human-robot interaction; gender bias | Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience | 2019 | 2023 | John-Dylan Haynes (post-doc), Kai Görgen (collaborator) |
| Christian Rosenmund | Synaptic Transmission | | | | |
| Florian Schlagenhauf | | | | | |
| Dietmar Schmitz | Synaptic Physiology | | | | Uwe Heinemann (grad student) |
| Karl Ernst Theodor Schweigger | Ophthalmology | | 1857 | 1860 | Albrecht von Graefe (research scientist) |
| Yuan Shi | | | | | |
| Ernst Siemerling | | | 1884 | 1888 | Karl Friedrich Otto Westphal (post-doc) |
| Johanna Sigl-Glockner | Dendrites, Cerebral Cortex | | | | |
| Surjo R. Soekadar | Neuroscience | Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences | 2018 | | Andreas Heinz (research scientist) |
| Christian M.T. Spahn | | | | | |
| Philipp Toepfer | | Psychology | | | Claudia Buss (grad student) |
| Friedrich Trendelenburg | surgery | | | 1871 | Bernhard von Langenbeck (post-doc) |
| Paul Turko | Plasticity and trafficking | Institute for Integrative Neuroanatomy | 2012 | | Imre Vida (post-doc) |
| Imre Vida | Neuroscience, Neuroanatomy | | | | |
| Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow | Pathology | | 1844 | 1846 | Robert Friedrich Froriep (post-doc) |
| Friedrich von Frerichs | | | | | |
| Albrecht von Graefe | Ophthalmology | | | | |
| Ernst Viktor von Leyden | | | | | |
| Hans Hermann J.W. Weber | | Pathological Institute | 1925 | 1927 | Peter Rona (post-doc) |
| Karl Friedrich Otto Westphal | Neuropathology, psychiatry | | 1865 | 1868 | Wilhelm Griesinger (post-doc) |
| Katja Wingenfeld | | | | | |
| CongJian Zhao | Neurobiology | | 2007 | 2008 | Karl-Heinz Braunewell (post-doc) |
| Theodor Ziehen | Neurology, psychiatry, psychology and philosophy | | | 1885 | Karl Friedrich Otto Westphal (research assistant) |