| Johann August Bach | Legal history | | | | |
| Ruth Beutler | | | | | |
| Felix Victor Birch-Hirschfeld | | | | | Ernst Leberecht Wagner (grad student) |
| Edward A. Birge | Zoology | | 1880 | 1881 | Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig (post-doc) |
| Rudolf Boehm | Pharmacology | | | | |
| Hermann Bonitz | philology | | | 1835 | Johann Gottfried Jakob Hermann (research assistant) |
| Henry Pickering Bowditch | Physiology | | 1869 | 1871 | Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig (post-doc) |
| Max Ferdinand Bürger | | | | | |
| Otto Bütschli | Zoology, paleontology | | 1869 | 1870 | Rudolf Leuckart (post-doc) |
| Sethus Calvisius | | | | | |
| Charles Manning Child | | | | 1894 | Rudolf Leuckart (grad student) |
| Johann Friedrich Christ | Classical archaeology, art history | | | | |
| Johann Christian August Clarus | anatomy, surgery | | | 1799 | Ernst Benjamin Gottlieb Hebenstreit (grad student) |
| Heinrich Curschmann | internal medicine | | | | |
| Moritz Wilhelm Drobisch | | | | 1824 | Karl Brandan Mollweide (grad student) |
| Volker Eulenburg | glycine, transporters, glycinergic synapses | | | | |
| Paul Emil Flechsig | Neuropathology, myelination | | 1872 | 1876 | Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig (post-doc), Ernst Heinrich Weber (research assistant), Karl Reinhold August Wunderlich (grad student), Ernst Leberecht Wagner (post-doc) |
| Johann Carl Gehler | mineralogy, botany, physiology, anatomy | | | 1758 | Christian Gottlieb Ludwig (grad student) |
| Johann Matthias Gesner | Classical philology | | | | |
| Johann Gottlob Haase | anatomy | | | 1766 | Johann Christoph Pohl (grad student), Christian Gottlieb Ludwig (grad student) |
| Karl Ewald Hasse | Pathology and medicine | | | 1833 | Ernst Heinrich Weber (grad student) |
| Ernst Benjamin Gottlieb Hebenstreit | pharmacy, anatomy, surgery | | | 1777 | Johann Christoph Pohl (grad student) |
| Johann Ernst Hebenstreit | | | | 1730 | Johann Caspar Küchler (grad student) |
| Hans Held | developmental neuroscience, myelination, fertilisation of oocytes | | | | |
| Christian Gottlob Heyne | Classical philology | | | 1752 | Johann August Ernesti (research assistant), Johann August Bach (grad student), Johann Friedrich Christ (research assistant) |
| Nicolás Hinrichs | Cognitive Neuroscience of Language and Translation | | | | |
| Wilhelm His, Jr. | Cardiology, cardiac physiology | | 1888 | 1891 | Heinrich Curschmann (post-doc) |
| Ernst Felix Immanuel Hoppe-Seyler | | | | 1850 | Ernst Heinrich Weber (grad student) |
| Saša Jovanović | | | | | Rudolf Rübsamen (research scientist) |
| Motohiro Kimura | Cognitive neuroscience | Institute of Psychology Psychology | 2010 | 2011 | Erich Schröger (post-doc), Erich Schröger (post-doc) |
| Emil Kraepelin | Psychiatry | | 1882 | 1882 | Wilhelm Wundt (post-doc) |
| Johann Caspar Küchler | | | | 1709 | August Quirinus Rivinus (grad student) |
| Andreas Kunad | Theology | | | 1630 | Johann Höpner (grad student) |
| Karl Lachmann | classics, philology | | | 1809 | Johann Gottfried Jakob Hermann (research assistant) |
| Friedrich Leibnütz | | | | | |
| Rudolf Leuckart | Zoology | | | | |
| Rudolf Hermann Lotze | Philosophy, medicine, biology, psychology | | | 1838 | Johann Christian August Clarus (grad student) |
| Christian Gottlieb Ludwig | botany, pathology | | | 1737 | Augustin Friedrich Walther (grad student), Johann Ernst Hebenstreit (research assistant) |
| Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig | Physiology, comparative anatomy | | | | |
| Edward Laurens Mark | embryology | | | 1876 | Rudolf Leuckart (grad student) |
| Hans Horst Meyer | Pharmacology, alcohol, tetanus | | | | Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig (research assistant) |
| Johann Müller | | | | | |
| Johann Zacharias Platner | | | | | |
| Ernst Platner | medicine, philosophy | | | 1767 | Christian Gottlieb Ludwig (grad student), Johann August Ernesti (research assistant) |
| Johann Christoph Pohl | anatomy | | 1732 | 1734 | Augustin Friedrich Walther (grad student), Johann Zacharias Platner (research assistant) |
| Hans L. Przibram | | | | 1896 | Rudolf Leuckart (research assistant) |
| Karl Leonhard Reinhold | Philosophy | | 1783 | 1784 | Ernst Platner (post-doc) |
| August Quirinus Rivinus | | | | | |
| Johann Christian Rosenmüller | anatomy | | 1794 | 1797 | Johann Gottlob Haase (grad student) |
| Erasmus Schmidt | | Astronomy | | | Sethus Calvisius (grad student) |
| Christian G. Schmorl | | | | | |
| Rudolph Schoenheimer | | | 1924 | 1926 | Karl Albert Ferdinand Thomas (post-doc) |
| Stefan Schöneich | | | | | Klaus Schildberger (grad student) |
| Hans Strasburger | vision, psychophysics, biopsychology, methods | | | | |
| Edward Bradford Titchener | Structuralism | | | 1892 | Wilhelm Wundt (grad student) |
| Wilhelm Trendelenburg | | | | 1904 | Ewald Hering (post-doc) |
| Alfred Wilhelm Volkmann | Physiology | | | 1826 | Ernst Heinrich Weber (grad student) |
| Ludolf von Krehl | Cardiac pathology, fever symptoms, metabolic disease | | | 1892 | Heinrich Curschmann (post-doc) |
| Johannes von Kries | Physiology | | | 1878 | Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig (research scientist) |
| Ernst Leberecht Wagner | pathology | | | 1855 | Johann von Oppolzer (grad student), Karl Reinhold August Wunderlich (post-doc) |
| Augustin Friedrich Walther | anatomy, pathology | | | | |
| Ernst Heinrich Weber | | | 1815 | 1818 | Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert (research assistant), Johann Christian Rosenmüller (grad student), Johann Christian August Clarus (research scientist) |
| Eduard Friedrich Weber | Physiology, anatomy | | | | |
| Christian Hermann Weiße | philosophy, theology | | | 1823 | Christian Ernst Weiße (grad student) |
| Karl Reinhold August Wunderlich | clinical thermometry | | | | |