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David M. Karl - Publications

Affiliations: 
University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 
Area:
Oceanography Biology, Environmental Sciences, Biogeochemistry
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334 high-probability publications. We are testing a new system for linking publications to authors. You can help! If you notice any inaccuracies, please sign in and mark papers as correct or incorrect matches. If you identify any major omissions or other inaccuracies in the publication list, please let us know.

Year Citation  Score
2023 Li F, Burger A, Eppley JM, Poff KE, Karl DM, DeLong EF. Planktonic microbial signatures of sinking particle export in the open ocean's interior. Nature Communications. 14: 7177. PMID 37935690 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42909-9  0.562
2022 Kwon EY, Sreeush MG, Timmermann A, Karl DM, Church MJ, Lee SS, Yamaguchi R. Nutrient uptake plasticity in phytoplankton sustains future ocean net primary production. Science Advances. 8: eadd2475. PMID 36542698 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add2475  0.326
2022 Carlson MCG, Ribalet F, Maidanik I, Durham BP, Hulata Y, Ferrón S, Weissenbach J, Shamir N, Goldin S, Baran N, Cael BB, Karl DM, White AE, Armbrust EV, Lindell D. Viruses affect picocyanobacterial abundance and biogeography in the North Pacific Ocean. Nature Microbiology. 7: 570-580. PMID 35365792 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01088-x  0.541
2022 Linney MD, Eppley JM, Romano AE, Luo E, DeLong EF, Karl DM. Microbial Sources of Exocellular DNA in the Ocean. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 88: e0209321. PMID 35311515 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02093-21  0.494
2022 Luo E, Leu AO, Eppley JM, Karl DM, DeLong EF. Diversity and origins of bacterial and archaeal viruses on sinking particles reaching the abyssal ocean. The Isme Journal. PMID 35236926 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01202-1  0.517
2022 Schvarcz CR, Wilson ST, Caffin M, Stancheva R, Li Q, Turk-Kubo KA, White AE, Karl DM, Zehr JP, Steward GF. Overlooked and widespread pennate diatom-diazotroph symbioses in the sea. Nature Communications. 13: 799. PMID 35145076 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28065-6  0.573
2022 Muratore D, Boysen AK, Harke MJ, Becker KW, Casey JR, Coesel SN, Mende DR, Wilson ST, Aylward FO, Eppley JM, Vislova A, Peng S, Rodriguez-Gonzalez RA, Beckett SJ, Virginia Armbrust E, ... ... Karl DM, et al. Complex marine microbial communities partition metabolism of scarce resources over the diel cycle. Nature Ecology & Evolution. PMID 35058612 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01606-w  0.789
2021 Gradoville MR, Cabello AM, Wilson ST, Turk-Kubo KA, Karl DM, Zehr JP. Light and depth dependency of nitrogen fixation by the non-photosynthetic, symbiotic cyanobacterium UCYN-A. Environmental Microbiology. PMID 34227720 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15645  0.8
2021 Zhang Y, Ryan JP, Hobson BW, Kieft B, Romano A, Barone B, Preston CM, Roman B, Raanan BY, Pargett D, Dugenne M, White AE, Freitas FH, Poulos S, Wilson ST, ... ... Karl DM, et al. A system of coordinated autonomous robots for Lagrangian studies of microbes in the oceanic deep chlorophyll maximum. Science Robotics. 6. PMID 34043577 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abb9138  0.638
2021 Poff KE, Leu AO, Eppley JM, Karl DM, DeLong EF. Microbial dynamics of elevated carbon flux in the open ocean's abyss. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 118. PMID 33479184 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2018269118  0.584
2021 Wilson ST, Caffin M, White AE, Karl DM. Evaluation of argon induced hydrogen production as a method to measure nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria. Journal of Phycology. PMID 33450056 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13129  0.511
2020 Pinedo-González P, Hawco NJ, Bundy RM, Armbrust EV, Follows MJ, Cael BB, White AE, Ferrón S, Karl DM, John SG. Anthropogenic Asian aerosols provide Fe to the North Pacific Ocean. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. PMID 33093199 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010315117  0.682
2020 Henderikx Freitas F, Dugenne M, Ribalet F, Hynes A, Barone B, Karl DM, White AE. Diel variability of bulk optical properties associated with the growth and division of small phytoplankton in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Applied Optics. 59: 6702-6716. PMID 32749375 DOI: 10.1364/Ao.394123  0.566
2020 Zhang Y, Kieft B, Hobson BW, Ryan JP, Barone B, Preston CM, Roman B, Raanan B, Marin R, O’Reilly TC, Rueda CA, Pargett D, Yamahara KM, Poulos S, Romano A, ... ... Karl DM, et al. Autonomous Tracking and Sampling of the Deep Chlorophyll Maximum Layer in an Open-Ocean Eddy by a Long-Range Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Ieee Journal of Oceanic Engineering. 1-14. DOI: 10.1109/Joe.2019.2920217  0.6
2020 Hawco NJ, Yang S, Foreman RK, Funkey CP, Dugenne M, White AE, Wilson ST, Kelly RL, Bian X, Huang K, Karl DM, John SG. Metal isotope signatures from lava-seawater interaction during the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta. 282: 340-356. DOI: 10.1016/J.Gca.2020.05.005  0.55
2020 Dugenne M, Freitas FH, Wilson ST, Karl DM, White AE. Life and death of Crocosphaera sp. in the Pacific Ocean: Fine scale predator–prey dynamics Limnology and Oceanography. DOI: 10.1002/Lno.11473  0.525
2020 Sosa OA, Burrell TJ, Wilson ST, Foreman RK, Karl DM, Repeta DJ. Phosphonate cycling supports methane and ethylene supersaturation in the phosphate‐depleted western North Atlantic Ocean Limnology and Oceanography. DOI: 10.1002/Lno.11463  0.659
2020 Gradoville MR, Farnelid H, White AE, Turk‐Kubo KA, Stewart B, Ribalet F, Ferrón S, Pinedo‐Gonzalez P, Armbrust EV, Karl DM, John S, Zehr JP. Latitudinal constraints on the abundance and activity of the cyanobacterium UCYN‐A and other marine diazotrophs in the North Pacific Limnology and Oceanography. 65: 1858-1875. DOI: 10.1002/Lno.11423  0.794
2019 Klawonn I, Eichner MJ, Wilson ST, Moradi N, Thamdrup B, Kümmel S, Gehre M, Khalili A, Grossart HP, Karl DM, Ploug H. Distinct nitrogen cycling and steep chemical gradients in Trichodesmium colonies. The Isme Journal. PMID 31636364 DOI: 10.1038/S41396-019-0514-9  0.382
2019 Martiny AC, Lomas MW, Fu W, Boyd PW, Chen YL, Cutter GA, Ellwood MJ, Furuya K, Hashihama F, Kanda J, Karl DM, Kodama T, Li QP, Ma J, Moutin T, et al. Biogeochemical controls of surface ocean phosphate. Science Advances. 5: eaax0341. PMID 31489372 DOI: 10.1126/Sciadv.Aax0341  0.392
2019 Wilson ST, Hawco NJ, Armbrust EV, Barone B, Björkman KM, Boysen AK, Burgos M, Burrell TJ, Casey JR, DeLong EF, Dugenne M, Dutkiewicz S, Dyhrman ST, Ferrón S, Follows MJ, ... ... Karl DM, et al. Kīlauea lava fuels phytoplankton bloom in the North Pacific Ocean. Science (New York, N.Y.). 365: 1040-1044. PMID 31488692 DOI: 10.1126/Science.Aax4767  0.813
2019 Cavicchioli R, Ripple WJ, Timmis KN, Azam F, Bakken LR, Baylis M, Behrenfeld MJ, Boetius A, Boyd PW, Classen AT, Crowther TW, Danovaro R, Foreman CM, Huisman J, Hutchins DA, ... ... Karl DM, et al. Scientists' warning to humanity: microorganisms and climate change. Nature Reviews. Microbiology. PMID 31213707 DOI: 10.1038/S41579-019-0222-5  0.464
2019 Letelier RM, Björkman KM, Church MJ, Hamilton DS, Mahowald NM, Scanza RA, Schneider N, White AE, Karl DM. Climate-driven oscillation of phosphorus and iron limitation in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. PMID 31182581 DOI: 10.1073/Pnas.1900789116  0.824
2019 Boeuf D, Edwards BR, Eppley JM, Hu SK, Poff KE, Romano AE, Caron DA, Karl DM, DeLong EF. Biological composition and microbial dynamics of sinking particulate organic matter at abyssal depths in the oligotrophic open ocean. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. PMID 31127042 DOI: 10.1073/Pnas.1903080116  0.631
2019 Grabowski E, Letelier RM, Laws EA, Karl DM. Coupling carbon and energy fluxes in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Nature Communications. 10: 1895. PMID 31028256 DOI: 10.1038/S41467-019-09772-Z  0.807
2019 Sosa OA, Casey JR, Karl DM. Methylphosphonate oxidation in supports phosphate acquisition, formate excretion, and carbon assimilation into purines. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. PMID 31028025 DOI: 10.1128/Aem.00289-19  0.805
2019 Sosa OA, Repeta DJ, DeLong EF, Ashkezari MD, Karl DM. Phosphate-limited ocean regions select for bacterial populations enriched in the carbon-phosphorus lyase pathway for phosphonate degradation. Environmental Microbiology. PMID 30972938 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14628  0.811
2019 Benway HM, Lorenzoni L, White AE, Fiedler B, Levine NM, Nicholson DP, DeGrandpre MD, Sosik HM, Church MJ, O’Brien TD, Leinen M, Weller RA, Karl DM, Henson SA, Letelier RM. Ocean Time Series Observations of Changing Marine Ecosystems: An Era of Integration, Synthesis, and Societal Applications Frontiers in Marine Science. 6. DOI: 10.3389/Fmars.2019.00393  0.8
2019 García-Martín EE, Aranguren-Gassis M, Karl DM, Martínez-García S, Robinson C, Serret P, Teira E. Validation of the in vivo Iodo-Nitro-Tetrazolium (INT) Salt Reduction Method as a Proxy for Plankton Respiration Frontiers in Marine Science. 6. DOI: 10.3389/Fmars.2019.00220  0.384
2019 Barone B, Coenen AR, Beckett SJ, McGillicuddy DJ, Weitz JS, Karl DM. The ecological and biogeochemical state of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre is linked to sea surface height Journal of Marine Research. 77: 215-245. DOI: 10.1357/002224019828474241  0.454
2019 Barone B, Nicholson D, Ferrón S, Firing E, Karl D. The estimation of gross oxygen production and community respiration from autonomous time‐series measurements in the oligotrophic ocean Limnology and Oceanography: Methods. 17: 650-664. DOI: 10.1002/Lom3.10340  0.33
2019 Casey JR, Björkman KM, Ferrón S, Karl DM. Size dependence of metabolism within marine picoplankton populations Limnology and Oceanography. 64: 1819-1827. DOI: 10.1002/Lno.11153  0.614
2018 Robidart JC, Magasin JD, Shilova IN, Turk-Kubo KA, Wilson ST, Karl DM, Scholin CA, Zehr JP. Effects of nutrient enrichment on surface microbial community gene expression in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. The Isme Journal. PMID 30254320 DOI: 10.1038/S41396-018-0280-0  0.408
2018 Royer SJ, Ferrón S, Wilson ST, Karl DM. Production of methane and ethylene from plastic in the environment. Plos One. 13: e0200574. PMID 30067755 DOI: 10.1371/Journal.Pone.0200574  0.335
2018 Follett CL, Dutkiewicz S, Karl DM, Inomura K, Follows MJ. Seasonal resource conditions favor a summertime increase in North Pacific diatom-diazotroph associations. The Isme Journal. PMID 29449611 DOI: 10.1038/S41396-017-0012-X  0.683
2018 Wilson ST, Bange HW, Arévalo-Martínez DL, Barnes J, Borges AV, Brown I, Bullister JL, Burgos M, Capelle DW, Casso M, de la Paz M, Farías L, Fenwick L, Ferrón S, Garcia G, ... ... Karl DM, et al. An intercomparison of oceanic methane and nitrous oxide measurements Biogeosciences. 15: 5891-5907. DOI: 10.5194/Bg-15-5891-2018  0.322
2018 Thompson AW, van den Engh G, Ahlgren NA, Kouba K, Ward S, Wilson ST, Karl DM. Dynamics of Prochlorococcus Diversity and Photoacclimation During Short-Term Shifts in Water Column Stratification at Station ALOHA Frontiers in Marine Science. 5. DOI: 10.3389/Fmars.2018.00488  0.405
2018 Björkman KM, Duhamel S, Church MJ, Karl DM. Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Inorganic Phosphate and Adenosine-5′-Triphosphate in the North Pacific Ocean Frontiers in Marine Science. 5. DOI: 10.3389/Fmars.2018.00235  0.412
2018 Kavanaugh MT, Church MJ, Davis CO, Karl DM, Letelier RM, Doney SC. ALOHA From the Edge: Reconciling Three Decades of in Situ Eulerian Observations and Geographic Variability in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre Frontiers in Marine Science. 5. DOI: 10.3389/Fmars.2018.00130  0.806
2018 Ko YH, Lee K, Takahashi T, Karl DM, Kang S, Lee E. Carbon-Based Estimate of Nitrogen Fixation-Derived Net Community Production in N-Depleted Ocean Gyres Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 32: 1241-1252. DOI: 10.1029/2017Gb005634  0.393
2017 Casey JR, Ferrón S, Karl DM. Light-Enhanced Microbial Organic Carbon Yield. Frontiers in Microbiology. 8: 2157. PMID 29250035 DOI: 10.3389/Fmicb.2017.02157  0.691
2017 Sosa OA, Repeta DJ, Ferrón S, Bryant JA, Mende DR, Karl DM, DeLong EF. Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria That Degrade Phosphonates in Marine Dissolved Organic Matter. Frontiers in Microbiology. 8: 1786. PMID 29085339 DOI: 10.3389/Fmicb.2017.01786  0.813
2017 Mende DR, Bryant JA, Aylward FO, Eppley JM, Nielsen T, Karl DM, DeLong EF. Environmental drivers of a microbial genomic transition zone in the ocean's interior. Nature Microbiology. PMID 28808230 DOI: 10.1038/S41564-017-0008-3  0.525
2017 Wilson ST, Aylward FO, Ribalet F, Barone B, Casey JR, Connell PE, Eppley JM, Ferrón S, Fitzsimmons JN, Hayes CT, Romano AE, Turk-Kubo KA, Vislova A, Armbrust EV, Caron DA, ... ... Karl DM, et al. Coordinated regulation of growth, activity and transcription in natural populations of the unicellular nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Crocosphaera. Nature Microbiology. 2: 17118. PMID 28758990 DOI: 10.1038/Nmicrobiol.2017.118  0.754
2017 Karl DM, Grabowski E. The Importance of H in Particulate Organic Matter Stoichiometry, Export and Energy Flow. Frontiers in Microbiology. 8: 826. PMID 28536570 DOI: 10.3389/Fmicb.2017.00826  0.319
2017 Eichner MJ, Klawonn I, Wilson ST, Littmann S, Whitehouse MJ, Church MJ, Kuypers MM, Karl DM, Ploug H. Chemical microenvironments and single-cell carbon and nitrogen uptake in field-collected colonies of Trichodesmium under different pCO2. The Isme Journal. PMID 28398346 DOI: 10.1038/Ismej.2017.15  0.38
2017 van den Engh GJ, Doggett JK, Thompson AW, Doblin MA, Gimpel CNG, Karl DM. Dynamics of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus at Station ALOHA Revealed through Flow Cytometry and High-Resolution Vertical Sampling Frontiers in Marine Science. 4. DOI: 10.3389/Fmars.2017.00359  0.35
2017 Duhamel S, Björkman KM, Repeta DJ, Karl DM. Phosphorus dynamics in biogeochemically distinct regions of the southeast subtropical Pacific Ocean Progress in Oceanography. 151: 261-274. DOI: 10.1016/J.Pocean.2016.12.007  0.672
2017 Karl DM, Church MJ. Ecosystem Structure and Dynamics in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre: New Views of an Old Ocean Ecosystems. 20: 433-457. DOI: 10.1007/S10021-017-0117-0  0.446
2017 Letelier RM, White AE, Bidigare RR, Barone B, Church MJ, Karl DM. Light absorption by phytoplankton in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre Limnology and Oceanography. 62: 1526-1540. DOI: 10.1002/Lno.10515  0.795
2017 White AE, Barone B, Letelier RM, Karl DM. Productivity diagnosed from the diel cycle of particulate carbon in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre Geophysical Research Letters. 44: 3752-3760. DOI: 10.1002/2016Gl071607  0.82
2017 Zigah PK, McNichol AP, Xu L, Johnson C, Santinelli C, Karl DM, Repeta DJ. Allochthonous sources and dynamic cycling of ocean dissolved organic carbon revealed by carbon isotopes Geophysical Research Letters. 44: 2407-2415. DOI: 10.1002/2016Gl071348  0.683
2016 Casey JR, Mardinoglu A, Nielsen J, Karl DM. Adaptive Evolution of Phosphorus Metabolism in Prochlorococcus. Msystems. 1. PMID 27868089 DOI: 10.1128/mSystems.00065-16  0.629
2016 Bryant JA, Clemente TM, Viviani DA, Fong AA, Thomas KA, Kemp P, Karl DM, White AE, DeLong EF. Diversity and Activity of Communities Inhabiting Plastic Debris in the North Pacific Gyre. Msystems. 1. PMID 27822538 DOI: 10.1128/mSystems.00024-16  0.674
2016 Rouco M, Haley ST, Alexander H, Wilson ST, Karl DM, Dyhrman ST. Variable depth distribution of Trichodesmium clades in the North Pacific Ocean. Environmental Microbiology Reports. PMID 27753237 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12488  0.393
2016 Laws EA, Bidigare RR, Karl DM. Enigmatic relationship between chlorophyll a concentrations and photosynthetic rates at Station ALOHA. Heliyon. 2. PMID 27668292 DOI: 10.1016/J.Heliyon.2016.E00156  0.353
2016 Rii Y, Karl D, Church M. Temporal and vertical variability in picophytoplankton primary productivity in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre Marine Ecology Progress Series. 562: 1-18. DOI: 10.3354/Meps11954  0.36
2016 Repeta DJ, Ferrón S, Sosa OA, Johnson CG, Repeta LD, Acker M, DeLong EF, Karl DM. Marine methane paradox explained by bacterial degradation of dissolved organic matter Nature Geoscience. 9: 884-887. DOI: 10.1038/Ngeo2837  0.712
2016 Foreman RK, Segura-Noguera M, Karl DM. Validation of Ti(III) as a reducing agent in the chemiluminescent determination of nitrate and nitrite in seawater Marine Chemistry. 186: 83-89. DOI: 10.1016/J.Marchem.2016.08.003  0.315
2016 Ferrón S, del Valle DA, Björkman KM, Quay PD, Church MJ, Karl DM. Application of membrane inlet mass spectrometry to measure aquatic gross primary production by the18O in vitro method Limnology and Oceanography: Methods. 14: 610-622. DOI: 10.1002/Lom3.10116  0.302
2016 Böttjer D, Dore JE, Karl DM, Letelier RM, Mahaffey C, Wilson ST, Zehr J, Church MJ. Temporal variability of nitrogen fixation and particulate nitrogen export at Station ALOHA Limnology and Oceanography. 62: 200-216. DOI: 10.1002/Lno.10386  0.802
2016 Rii YM, Duhamel S, Bidigare RR, Karl DM, Repeta DJ, Church MJ. Diversity and productivity of photosynthetic picoeukaryotes in biogeochemically distinct regions of the South East Pacific Ocean Limnology and Oceanography. 61: 806-824. DOI: 10.1002/Lno.10255  0.692
2016 Diaz JM, Björkman KM, Haley ST, Ingall ED, Karl DM, Longo AF, Dyhrman ST. Polyphosphate dynamics at Station ALOHA, North Pacific subtropical gyre Limnology and Oceanography. 61: 227-239. DOI: 10.1002/Lno.10206  0.455
2016 Talarmin A, Lomas MW, Bozec Y, Savoye N, Frigstad H, Karl DM, Martiny AC. Seasonal and long-term changes in elemental concentrations and ratios of marine particulate organic matter Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 30: 1699-1711. DOI: 10.1002/2016Gb005409  0.446
2015 White AE, Letelier RM, Whitmire AL, Barone B, Bidigare RR, Church MJ, Karl DM. Phenology of particle size distributions and primary productivity in the North Pacific subtropical gyre (Station ALOHA). Journal of Geophysical Research. Oceans. 120: 7381-7399. PMID 27812434 DOI: 10.1002/2015Jc010897  0.793
2015 Björkman KM, Church MJ, Doggett JK, Karl DM. Differential Assimilation of Inorganic Carbon and Leucine by Prochlorococcus in the Oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Frontiers in Microbiology. 6: 1401. PMID 26733953 DOI: 10.3389/Fmicb.2015.01401  0.387
2015 Bryant JA, Aylward FO, Eppley JM, Karl DM, Church MJ, DeLong EF. Wind and sunlight shape microbial diversity in surface waters of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. The Isme Journal. PMID 26645474 DOI: 10.1038/Ismej.2015.221  0.62
2015 Alexander H, Rouco M, Haley ST, Wilson ST, Karl DM, Dyhrman ST. Functional group-specific traits drive phytoplankton dynamics in the oligotrophic ocean. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. PMID 26460011 DOI: 10.1073/Pnas.1518165112  0.377
2015 Fontanez KM, Eppley JM, Samo TJ, Karl DM, DeLong EF. Microbial community structure and function on sinking particles in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Frontiers in Microbiology. 6: 469. PMID 26042105 DOI: 10.3389/Fmicb.2015.00469  0.595
2015 Viviani DA, Karl DM, Church MJ. Variability in photosynthetic production of dissolved and particulate organic carbon in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre Frontiers in Marine Science. 2. DOI: 10.3389/Fmars.2015.00073  0.363
2015 Del Valle DA, Martínez-García S, Sañudo-Wilhelmy SA, Kiene RP, Karl DM. Methionine and dimethylsulfoniopropionate as sources of sulfur to the microbial community of the north pacific subtropical gyre Aquatic Microbial Ecology. 75: 103-116. DOI: 10.3354/Ame01750  0.418
2015 Casey JR, Falkowski PG, Karl DM. Substrate selection for heterotrophic bacterial growth in the sea Marine Chemistry. 177: 349-356. DOI: 10.1016/J.Marchem.2015.06.032  0.665
2015 Martínez-García S, Karl DM. Microbial respiration in the euphotic zone at Station ALOHA Limnology and Oceanography. 60: 1039-1050. DOI: 10.1002/Lno.10072  0.378
2015 White AE, Letelier RM, Whitmire AL, Barone B, Bidigare RR, Church MJ, Karl DM. Phenology of particle size distributions and primary productivity in the North Pacific subtropical gyre (Station ALOHA) Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 120: 7381-7399. DOI: 10.1002/2015JC010897  0.776
2015 Barone B, Bidigare RR, Church MJ, Karl DM, Letelier RM, White AE. Particle distributions and dynamics in the euphotic zone of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans. 120: 3229-3247. DOI: 10.1002/2015Jc010774  0.793
2015 Ferrõn S, Wilson ST, Martínez-García S, Quay PD, Karl DM. Metabolic balance in the mixed layer of the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean from diel changes in O2/Ar saturation ratios Geophysical Research Letters. 42: 3421-3430. DOI: 10.1002/2015Gl063555  0.317
2015 Nicholson DP, Wilson ST, Doney SC, Karl DM. Quantifying subtropical North Pacific gyre mixed layer primary productivity from Seaglider observations of diel oxygen cycles Geophysical Research Letters. 42: 4032-4039. DOI: 10.1002/2015Gl063065  0.393
2015 Wilson ST, Barone B, Ascani F, Bidigare RR, Church MJ, del Valle DA, Dyhrman ST, Ferrón S, Fitzsimmons JN, Juranek LW, Kolber ZS, Letelier RM, Martínez-García S, Nicholson DP, Richards KJ, ... ... Karl DM, et al. Short-term variability in euphotic zone biogeochemistry and primary productivity at Station ALOHA: A case study of summer 2012 Global Biogeochemical Cycles. DOI: 10.1002/2015Gb005141  0.8
2014 Kim IN, Lee K, Gruber N, Karl DM, Bullister JL, Yang S, Kim TW. Chemical oceanography. Increasing anthropogenic nitrogen in the North Pacific Ocean. Science (New York, N.Y.). 346: 1102-6. PMID 25430767 DOI: 10.1126/Science.1258396  0.421
2014 Durham BP, Grote J, Whittaker KA, Bender SJ, Luo H, Grim SL, Brown JM, Casey JR, Dron A, Florez-Leiva L, Krupke A, Luria CM, Mine AH, Nigro OD, Pather S, ... ... Karl DM, et al. Draft genome sequence of marine alphaproteobacterial strain HIMB11, the first cultivated representative of a unique lineage within the Roseobacter clade possessing an unusually small genome. Standards in Genomic Sciences. 9: 632-45. PMID 25197450 DOI: 10.4056/Sigs.4998989  0.696
2014 Karl DM, Church MJ. Microbial oceanography and the Hawaii Ocean Time-series programme. Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 12: 699-713. PMID 25157695 DOI: 10.1038/Nrmicro3333  0.397
2014 Robidart JC, Church MJ, Ryan JP, Ascani F, Wilson ST, Bombar D, Marin R, Richards KJ, Karl DM, Scholin CA, Zehr JP. Ecogenomic sensor reveals controls on N2-fixing microorganisms in the North Pacific Ocean. The Isme Journal. 8: 1175-85. PMID 24477197 DOI: 10.1038/Ismej.2013.244  0.379
2014 Karl DM. Microbially mediated transformations of phosphorus in the sea: new views of an old cycle. Annual Review of Marine Science. 6: 279-337. PMID 24405427 DOI: 10.1146/Annurev-Marine-010213-135046  0.342
2014 Sharma AK, Becker JW, Ottesen EA, Bryant JA, Duhamel S, Karl DM, Cordero OX, Repeta DJ, DeLong EF. Distinct dissolved organic matter sources induce rapid transcriptional responses in coexisting populations of Prochlorococcus, Pelagibacter and the OM60 clade. Environmental Microbiology. 16: 2815-30. PMID 24118765 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12254  0.732
2014 Luo YW, Lima ID, Karl DM, Deutsch CA, Doney SC. Data-based assessment of environmental controls on global marine nitrogen fixation Biogeosciences. 11: 691-708. DOI: 10.5194/Bg-11-691-2014  0.394
2014 Duhamel S, Björkman KM, Doggett JK, Karl DM. Microbial response to enhanced phosphorus cycling in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre Marine Ecology Progress Series. 504: 43-58. DOI: 10.3354/Meps10757  0.412
2014 Del Valle DA, Karl DM. Aerobic production of methane from dissolved water-column methylphosphonate and sinking particles in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre Aquatic Microbial Ecology. 73: 93-105. DOI: 10.3354/Ame01714  0.406
2014 Bombar D, Taylor CD, Wilson ST, Robidart JC, Rabines A, Turk-Kubo KA, Kemp JN, Karl DM, Zehr JP. Measurements of nitrogen fixation in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre using a free-drifting submersible incubation device Journal of Plankton Research. 37: 727-739. DOI: 10.1093/Plankt/Fbv049  0.359
2014 Bidigare RR, Buttler FR, Christensen SJ, Barone B, Karl DM, Wilson ST. Evaluation of the utility of xanthophyll cycle pigment dynamics for assessing upper ocean mixing processes at Station ALOHA Journal of Plankton Research. 36: 1423-1433. DOI: 10.1093/Plankt/Fbu069  0.392
2014 Laws EA, Letelier RM, Karl DM. Estimating the compensation irradiance in the ocean: The importance of accounting for non-photosynthetic uptake of inorganic carbon Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. 93: 35-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2014.07.011  0.793
2014 Karl DM, Kaye JZ. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF OXYGEN-DEFICIENT MARINE WATERS, SANTA CRUZ, CHILE, MARCH 18-22, 2013 Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin. 23: 53-53. DOI: 10.1002/Lob.201423253  0.331
2014 Dore JE, Church MJ, Karl DM, Sadler DW, Letelier RM. Paired windward and leeward biogeochemical time series reveal consistent surface ocean CO<inf>2</inf> trends across the Hawaiian Ridge Geophysical Research Letters. 41: 6459-6467. DOI: 10.1002/2014Gl060725  0.814
2014 Böttjer D, Karl DM, Letelier RM, Viviani DA, Church MJ. Experimental assessment of diazotroph responses to elevated seawater pCO2 in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 28: 601-616. DOI: 10.1002/2013Gb004690  0.811
2013 Martínez A, Ventouras LA, Wilson ST, Karl DM, Delong EF. Metatranscriptomic and functional metagenomic analysis of methylphosphonate utilization by marine bacteria. Frontiers in Microbiology. 4: 340. PMID 24324460 DOI: 10.3389/Fmicb.2013.00340  0.587
2013 Wilson ST, del Valle DA, Robidart JC, Zehr JP, Karl DM. Dissolved hydrogen and nitrogen fixation in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Environmental Microbiology Reports. 5: 697-704. PMID 24115620 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12069  0.336
2013 Flombaum P, Gallegos JL, Gordillo RA, Rincón J, Zabala LL, Jiao N, Karl DM, Li WK, Lomas MW, Veneziano D, Vera CS, Vrugt JA, Martiny AC. Present and future global distributions of the marine Cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 110: 9824-9. PMID 23703908 DOI: 10.1073/Pnas.1307701110  0.412
2013 Hunt DE, Lin Y, Church MJ, Karl DM, Tringe SG, Izzo LK, Johnson ZI. Relationship between abundance and specific activity of bacterioplankton in open ocean surface waters. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 79: 177-84. PMID 23087033 DOI: 10.1128/Aem.02155-12  0.352
2013 Peloquin J, Swan C, Gruber N, Vogt M, Claustre H, Ras J, Uitz J, Barlow R, Behrenfeld M, Bidigare R, Dierssen H, Ditullio G, Fernandez E, Gallienne C, Gibb S, ... ... Karl D, et al. The MAREDAT global database of high performance liquid chromatography marine pigment measurements Earth System Science Data. 5: 109-123. DOI: 10.5194/Essd-5-109-2013  0.789
2013 Martínez-García S, Fernández E, Del Valle DA, Karl DM, Teira E. Experimental assessment of marine bacterial respiration Aquatic Microbial Ecology. 70: 189-205. DOI: 10.3354/Ame01644  0.361
2013 Li B, Karl DM, Letelier RM, Bidigare RR, Church MJ. Variability of chromophytic phytoplankton in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre Deep-Sea Research Part Ii: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 93: 84-95. DOI: 10.1016/J.Dsr2.2013.03.007  0.829
2013 Ascani F, Richards KJ, Firing E, Grant S, Johnson KS, Jia Y, Lukas R, Karl DM. Physical and biological controls of nitrate concentrations in the upper subtropical North Pacific Ocean Deep Sea Research Part Ii: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 93: 119-134. DOI: 10.1016/J.Dsr2.2013.01.034  0.442
2012 Wilson ST, Kolber ZS, Tozzi S, Zehr JP, Karl DM. NITROGEN FIXATION, HYDROGEN CYCLING, AND ELECTRON TRANSPORT KINETICS IN TRICHODESMIUM ERYTHRAEUM (CYANOBACTERIA) STRAIN IMS101(1). Journal of Phycology. 48: 595-606. PMID 27011075 DOI: 10.1111/J.1529-8817.2012.01166.X  0.338
2012 Wilson ST, Böttjer D, Church MJ, Karl DM. Comparative assessment of nitrogen fixation methodologies, conducted in the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 78: 6516-23. PMID 22773638 DOI: 10.1128/Aem.01146-12  0.354
2012 Björkman K, Duhamel S, Karl DM. Microbial group specific uptake kinetics of inorganic phosphate and adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) in the north pacific subtropical gyre. Frontiers in Microbiology. 3: 189. PMID 22701449 DOI: 10.3389/Fmicb.2012.00189  0.319
2012 Varaljay VA, Gifford SM, Wilson ST, Sharma S, Karl DM, Moran MA. Bacterial dimethylsulfoniopropionate degradation genes in the oligotrophic north pacific subtropical gyre. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 78: 2775-82. PMID 22327587 DOI: 10.1128/Aem.07559-11  0.349
2012 Karl DM, Church MJ, Dore JE, Letelier RM, Mahaffey C. Predictable and efficient carbon sequestration in the North Pacific Ocean supported by symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109: 1842-9. PMID 22308450 DOI: 10.1073/Pnas.1120312109  0.824
2012 Luo Y, Doney SC, Anderson LA, Benavides M, Berman-Frank I, Bode A, Bonnet S, Boström KH, Böttjer D, Capone DG, Carpenter EJ, Chen YL, Church MJ, Dore JE, Falcón LI, ... ... Karl DM, et al. Database of diazotrophs in global ocean: abundance, biomass and nitrogen fixation rates Earth System Science Data. 4: 47-73. DOI: 10.5194/Essd-4-47-2012  0.82
2012 Buitenhuis ET, Li WKW, Vaulot D, Lomas MW, Landry MR, Partensky F, Karl DM, Ulloa O, Campbell L, Jacquet S, Lantoine F, Chavez F, Macias D, Gosselin M, McManus GB. Picophytoplankton biomass distribution in the global ocean Earth System Science Data. 4: 37-46. DOI: 10.5194/Essd-4-37-2012  0.411
2012 Buitenhuis ET, Li WKW, Lomas MW, Karl DM, Landry MR, Jacquet S. Picoheterotroph (<i>Bacteria</i> and <i>Archaea</i>) biomass distribution in the global ocean Earth System Science Data. 4: 101-106. DOI: 10.5194/Essd-4-101-2012  0.483
2012 Mahaffey C, Björkman KM, Karl DM. Phytoplankton response to deep seawater nutrient addition in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre Marine Ecology Progress Series. 460: 13-34. DOI: 10.3354/Meps09699  0.394
2012 Duhamel S, Björkman KM, Karl DM. Light dependence of phosphorus uptake by microorganisms in the Subtropical North and South Pacific Ocean Aquatic Microbial Ecology. 67: 225-238. DOI: 10.3354/Ame01593  0.364
2012 Del Valle DA, Kiene RP, Karl DM. Effect of visible light on dimethylsulfoniopropionate assimilation and conversion to dimethylsulfide in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre Aquatic Microbial Ecology. 66: 47-62. DOI: 10.3354/Ame01557  0.366
2012 Guidi L, Calil PHR, Duhamel S, Björkman KM, Doney SC, Jackson GA, Li B, Church MJ, Tozzi S, Kolber ZS, Richards KJ, Fong AA, Letelier RM, Gorsky G, Stemmann L, ... Karl DM, et al. Does eddy-eddy interaction control surface phytoplankton distribution and carbon export in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre? Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 117. DOI: 10.1029/2012Jg001984  0.83
2012 Luo YW, Ducklow HW, Friedrichs MAM, Church MJ, Karl DM, Doney SC. Interannual variability of primary production and dissolved organic nitrogen storage in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 117. DOI: 10.1029/2011Jg001830  0.416
2012 Juranek LW, Quay PD, Feely RA, Lockwood D, Karl DM, Church MJ. Biological production in the NE Pacific and its influence on air-sea CO2 flux: Evidence from dissolved oxygen isotopes and O 2/Ar Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 117. DOI: 10.1029/2011Jc007450  0.421
2012 Nicholson DP, Stanley RHR, Barkan E, Karl DM, Luz B, Quay PD, Doney SC. Evaluating triple oxygen isotope estimates of gross primary production at the Hawaii Ocean Time-series and Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study sites Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 117. DOI: 10.1029/2010Jc006856  0.418
2011 Grote J, Bayindirli C, Bergauer K, Carpintero de Moraes P, Chen H, D'Ambrosio L, Edwards B, Fernández-Gómez B, Hamisi M, Logares R, Nguyen D, Rii YM, Saeck E, Schutte C, Widner B, ... ... Karl DM, et al. Draft genome sequence of strain HIMB100, a cultured representative of the SAR116 clade of marine Alphaproteobacteria. Standards in Genomic Sciences. 5: 269-78. PMID 22675578 DOI: 10.4056/Sigs.1854551  0.496
2011 Joint I, Doney SC, Karl DM. Will ocean acidification affect marine microbes Isme Journal. 5: 1-7. PMID 20535222 DOI: 10.1038/Ismej.2010.79  0.352
2011 Duhamel S, Björkman KM, Van Wambeke F, Moutin T, Karl DM. Characterization of alkaline phosphatase activity in the North and South Pacific Subtropical Gyres: Implications for phosphorus cycling Limnology and Oceanography. 56: 1244-1254. DOI: 10.4319/Lo.2011.56.4.1244  0.412
2011 Li B, Karl DM, Letelier RM, Church MJ. Size-dependent photosynthetic variability in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre Marine Ecology Progress Series. 440: 27-40. DOI: 10.3354/Meps09345  0.805
2011 Viviani DA, Björkman KM, Karl DM, Church MJ. Plankton metabolism in surface waters of the tropical and subtropical Pacific Ocean Aquatic Microbial Ecology. 62: 1-12. DOI: 10.3354/Ame01451  0.415
2011 Kim J, Lee K, Shin K, Yang EJ, Engel A, Karl DM, Kim H. Shifts in biogenic carbon flow from particulate to dissolved forms under high carbon dioxide and warm ocean conditions Geophysical Research Letters. 38: n/a-n/a. DOI: 10.1029/2011Gl047346  0.412
2011 Brzezinski MA, Krause JW, Church MJ, Karl DM, Li B, Jones JL, Updyke B. The annual silica cycle of the North Pacific subtropical gyre Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. 58: 988-1001. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2011.08.001  0.359
2010 Wilson ST, Tozzi S, Foster RA, Ilikchyan I, Kolber ZS, Zehr JP, Karl DM. Hydrogen cycling by the unicellular marine diazotroph Crocosphaera watsonii strain WH8501. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 76: 6797-803. PMID 20709832 DOI: 10.1128/Aem.01202-10  0.377
2010 Johnson KS, Riser SC, Karl DM. Nitrate supply from deep to near-surface waters of the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Nature. 465: 1062-5. PMID 20577212 DOI: 10.1038/Nature09170  0.457
2010 Church MJ, Wai B, Karl DM, DeLong EF. Abundances of crenarchaeal amoA genes and transcripts in the Pacific Ocean. Environmental Microbiology. 12: 679-88. PMID 20002133 DOI: 10.1111/J.1462-2920.2009.02108.X  0.599
2010 Karl DM. Oceanic ecosystem time-series programs: Ten Lessons Learned Oceanography. 23: 106-125. DOI: 10.5670/Oceanog.2010.27  0.34
2010 Bonnet S, Webb EA, Panzeca C, Karl DM, Capone DG, Sañudo-Wilhelmy SA. Vitamin B12 excretion by cultures of the marine cyanobacteria Crocosphaera and Synechococcus Limnology and Oceanography. 55: 1959-1964. DOI: 10.4319/Lo.2010.55.5.1959  0.35
2010 Beversdorf LJ, White AE, Björkman KM, Letelier RM, Karl DM. Phosphonate metabolism of Trichodesmium IMS101 and the production of greenhouse gases Limnology and Oceanography. 55: 1768-1778. DOI: 10.4319/Lo.2010.55.4.1768  0.787
2010 Duhamel S, Dyhrman ST, Karl DM. Alkaline phosphatase activity and regulation in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre Limnology and Oceanography. 55: 1414-1425. DOI: 10.4319/Lo.2010.55.3.1414  0.397
2010 Wilson ST, Foster RA, Zehr JP, Karl DM. Hydrogen production by Trichodesmium erythraeum Cyanothece sp. and Crocosphaera watsonii Aquatic Microbial Ecology. 59: 197-206. DOI: 10.3354/Ame01407  0.345
2010 White A, Björkman K, Grabowski E, Letelier R, Poulos S, Watkins B, Karl D. An Open Ocean Trial of Controlled Upwelling Using Wave Pump Technology Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology. 27: 385-396. DOI: 10.1175/2009Jtecho679.1  0.808
2010 Quay PD, Peacock C, Bjrkman K, Karl DM. Measuring primary production rates in the ocean: Enigmatic results between incubation and non-incubation methods at Station ALOHA Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 24. DOI: 10.1029/2009Gb003665  0.335
2010 Saba VS, Friedrichs MAM, Carr ME, Antoine D, Armstrong RA, Asanuma I, Aumont O, Bates NR, Behrenfeld MJ, Bennington V, Bopp L, Bruggeman J, Buitenhuis ET, Church MJ, Ciotti AM, ... ... Karl DM, et al. Challenges of modeling depth-integrated marine primary productivity over multiple decades: A case study at BATS and HOT Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 24. DOI: 10.1029/2009Gb003655  0.361
2009 Dore JE, Lukas R, Sadler DW, Church MJ, Karl DM. Physical and biogeochemical modulation of ocean acidification in the central North Pacific. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106: 12235-40. PMID 19666624 DOI: 10.1073/Pnas.0906044106  0.41
2009 Konstantinidis KT, Braff J, Karl DM, DeLong EF. Comparative metagenomic analysis of a microbial community residing at a depth of 4,000 meters at station ALOHA in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 75: 5345-55. PMID 19542347 DOI: 10.1128/Aem.00473-09  0.593
2009 Eiler A, Hayakawa DH, Church MJ, Karl DM, Rappé MS. Dynamics of the SAR11 bacterioplankton lineage in relation to environmental conditions in the oligotrophic North Pacific subtropical gyre. Environmental Microbiology. 11: 2291-300. PMID 19490029 DOI: 10.1111/J.1462-2920.2009.01954.X  0.428
2009 Bowler C, Karl DM, Colwell RR. Microbial oceanography in a sea of opportunity. Nature. 459: 180-4. PMID 19444203 DOI: 10.1038/Nature08056  0.371
2009 Van Mooy BA, Fredricks HF, Pedler BE, Dyhrman ST, Karl DM, Koblízek M, Lomas MW, Mincer TJ, Moore LR, Moutin T, Rappé MS, Webb EA. Phytoplankton in the ocean use non-phosphorus lipids in response to phosphorus scarcity. Nature. 458: 69-72. PMID 19182781 DOI: 10.1038/Nature07659  0.35
2009 Dickey T, Bates N, Byrne R, Chang G, Chavez F, Feely R, Hanson A, Karl D, Manov D, Moore C, Sabine C, Wanninkhof R. The NOPP O-SCOPE and MOSEAN Projects: Advanced Sensing for Ocean Observing Systems Oceanography. 22: 168-181. DOI: 10.5670/Oceanog.2009.47  0.328
2009 Hewson I, Paerl RW, Tripp HJ, Zehr JP, Karl DM. Metagenomic potential of microbial assemblages in the surface waters of the central Pacific Ocean tracks variability in oceanic habitat Limnology and Oceanography. 54: 1981-1994. DOI: 10.4319/Lo.2009.54.6.1981  0.415
2009 Bidigare RR, Chai F, Landry MR, Lukas R, Hannides CCS, Christensen SJ, Karl DM, Shi L, Chao Y. Subtropical ocean ecosystem structure changes forced by North Pacific climate variations Journal of Plankton Research. 31: 1131-1139. DOI: 10.1093/Plankt/Fbp064  0.422
2009 Sigman DM, DiFiore PJ, Hain MP, Deutsch C, Karl DM. Sinking organic matter spreads the nitrogen isotope signal of pelagic denitrification in the North Pacific Geophysical Research Letters. 36. DOI: 10.1029/2008Gl035784  0.432
2009 Church MJ, Mahaffey C, Letelier RM, Lukas R, Zehr JP, Karl DM. Physical forcing of nitrogen fixation and diazotroph community structure in the North Pacific subtropical gyre Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 23. DOI: 10.1029/2008Gb003418  0.823
2008 Fong AA, Karl DM, Lukas R, Letelier RM, Zehr JP, Church MJ. Nitrogen fixation in an anticyclonic eddy in the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean. The Isme Journal. 2: 663-76. PMID 18309359 DOI: 10.1038/Ismej.2008.22  0.827
2008 Buesseler KO, Doney SC, Karl DM, Boyd PW, Caldeira K, Chai F, Coale KH, de Baar HJ, Falkowski PG, Johnson KS, Lampitt RS, Michaels AF, Naqvi SW, Smetacek V, Takeda S, et al. Environment. Ocean iron fertilization--moving forward in a sea of uncertainty. Science (New York, N.Y.). 319: 162. PMID 18187642 DOI: 10.1126/Science.1154305  0.313
2008 Moutin T, Karl DM, Duhamel S, Rimmelin P, Raimbault P, Van Mooy BAS, Claustre H. Phosphate availability and the ultimate control of new nitrogen input by nitrogen fixation in the tropical Pacific Ocean Biogeosciences. 5: 95-109. DOI: 10.5194/Bg-5-95-2008  0.472
2008 Steinberg DK, Van Mooy BAS, Buesseler KO, Boyd PW, Kobari T, Karl DM. Bacterial vs. zooplankton control of sinking particle flux in the ocean's twilight zone Limnology and Oceanography. 53: 1327-1338. DOI: 10.4319/Lo.2008.53.4.1327  0.409
2008 Corno G, Letelier RM, Abbott MR, Karl DM. Temporal and vertical variability in photosynthesis in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre Limnology and Oceanography. 53: 1252-1265. DOI: 10.4319/Lo.2008.53.4.1252  0.804
2008 Church MJ, Björkman KM, Karl DM, Saito MA, Zehr JP. Regional distributions of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the Pacific Ocean Limnology and Oceanography. 53: 63-77. DOI: 10.4319/Lo.2008.53.1.0063  0.425
2008 Letelier RM, Strutton PG, Karl DM. Physical and ecological uncertainties in the widespread implementation of controlled upwelling in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre Marine Ecology Progress Series. 371: 305-308. DOI: 10.3354/Meps07773  0.825
2008 Karl DM, Letelier RM. Nitrogen fixation-enhanced carbon sequestration in low nitrate, low chlorophyll seascapes Marine Ecology Progress Series. 364: 257-268. DOI: 10.3354/Meps07547  0.834
2008 Grabowski MNW, Church MJ, Karl DM. Nitrogen fixation rates and controls at Stn ALOHA Aquatic Microbial Ecology. 52: 175-183. DOI: 10.3354/Ame01209  0.382
2008 Karl DM, Beversdorf L, Björkman KM, Church MJ, Martinez A, Delong EF. Aerobic production of methane in the sea Nature Geoscience. 1: 473-478. DOI: 10.1038/Ngeo234  0.623
2008 Dore JE, Letelier RM, Church MJ, Lukas R, Karl DM. Summer phytoplankton blooms in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre: Historical perspective and recent observations Progress in Oceanography. 76: 2-38. DOI: 10.1016/J.Pocean.2007.10.002  0.843
2008 Ducklow HW, Erickson M, Kelly J, Montes-Hugo M, Ribic CA, Smith RC, Stammerjohn SE, Karl DM. Particle export from the upper ocean over the continental shelf of the west Antarctic Peninsula: A long-term record, 1992-2007 Deep-Sea Research Part Ii: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 55: 2118-2131. DOI: 10.1016/J.Dsr2.2008.04.028  0.443
2008 Buesseler KO, Trull TW, Steinberg DK, Silver MW, Siegel DA, Saitoh SI, Lamborg CH, Lam PJ, Karl DM, Jiao NZ, Honda MC, Elskens M, Dehairs F, Brown SL, Boyd PW, et al. VERTIGO (VERtical Transport In the Global Ocean): A study of particle sources and flux attenuation in the North Pacific Deep-Sea Research Part Ii: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 55: 1522-1539. DOI: 10.1016/J.Dsr2.2008.04.024  0.385
2008 Mahaffey C, Benitez-Nelson CR, Bidigare RR, Rii Y, Karl DM. Nitrogen dynamics within a wind-driven eddy Deep Sea Research Part Ii: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 55: 1398-1411. DOI: 10.1016/J.Dsr2.2008.02.004  0.339
2008 Rii YM, Brown SL, Nencioli F, Kuwahara V, Dickey T, Karl DM, Bidigare RR. The transient oasis: Nutrient-phytoplankton dynamics and particle export in Hawaiian lee cyclones Deep-Sea Research Part Ii: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 55: 1275-1290. DOI: 10.1016/J.Dsr2.2008.01.013  0.445
2008 McAndrew PM, Bidigare RR, Karl DM. Primary production and implications for metabolic balance in Hawaiian lee eddies Deep-Sea Research Part Ii: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 55: 1300-1309. DOI: 10.1016/J.Dsr2.2008.01.004  0.456
2008 Karl DM, Bidigare RR, Church MJ, Dore JE, Letelier RM, Mahaffey C, Zehr JP. The Nitrogen Cycle in the North Pacific Trades Biome: An Evolving Paradigm Nitrogen in the Marine Environment. 705-769. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-372522-6.00016-5  0.805
2007 Karl DM. Microbial oceanography: paradigms, processes and promise. Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 5: 759-69. PMID 17853905 DOI: 10.1038/Nrmicro1749  0.358
2007 Mincer TJ, Church MJ, Taylor LT, Preston C, Karl DM, DeLong EF. Quantitative distribution of presumptive archaeal and bacterial nitrifiers in Monterey Bay and the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Environmental Microbiology. 9: 1162-75. PMID 17472632 DOI: 10.1111/J.1462-2920.2007.01239.X  0.58
2007 Buesseler KO, Lamborg CH, Boyd PW, Lam PJ, Trull TW, Bidigare RR, Bishop JK, Casciotti KL, Dehairs F, Elskens M, Honda M, Karl DM, Siegel DA, Silver MW, Steinberg DK, et al. Revisiting carbon flux through the ocean's twilight zone. Science (New York, N.Y.). 316: 567-70. PMID 17463282 DOI: 10.1126/Science.1137959  0.396
2007 Rusch DB, Halpern AL, Sutton G, Heidelberg KB, Williamson S, Yooseph S, Wu D, Eisen JA, Hoffman JM, Remington K, Beeson K, Tran B, Smith H, Baden-Tillson H, Stewart C, ... ... Karl DM, et al. The Sorcerer II Global Ocean Sampling expedition: northwest Atlantic through eastern tropical Pacific. Plos Biology. 5: e77. PMID 17355176 DOI: 10.1371/Journal.Pbio.0050077  0.525
2007 Proctor LM, Karl DM. Introduction to "A Sea of Microbes" special issue Oceanography. 20: 14-15. DOI: 10.5670/Oceanog.2007.68  0.309
2007 Zehr JP, Montoya JP, Jenkins BD, Hewson I, Mondragon E, Short CM, Church MJ, Hansen A, Karl DM. Experiments linking nitrogenase gene expression to nitrogen fixation in the North Pacific subtropical gyre Limnology and Oceanography. 52: 169-183. DOI: 10.4319/Lo.2007.52.1.0169  0.338
2007 McAndrew PM, Björkman KM, Church MJ, Morris PJ, Jachowski N, Williams PJLB, Karl DM. Metabolic response of oligotrophic plankton communities to deep water nutrient enrichment Marine Ecology Progress Series. 332: 63-75. DOI: 10.3354/Meps332063  0.405
2007 Corno G, Karl DM, Church MJ, Letelier RM, Lukas R, Bidigare RR, Abbott MR. Impact of climate forcing on ecosystem processes in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 112. DOI: 10.1029/2006Jc003730  0.823
2006 DeLong EF, Preston CM, Mincer T, Rich V, Hallam SJ, Frigaard NU, Martinez A, Sullivan MB, Edwards R, Brito BR, Chisholm SW, Karl DM. Community genomics among stratified microbial assemblages in the ocean's interior. Science (New York, N.Y.). 311: 496-503. PMID 16439655 DOI: 10.1126/Science.1120250  0.579
2006 Huisman J, Pham Thi NN, Karl DM, Sommeijer B. Reduced mixing generates oscillations and chaos in the oceanic deep chlorophyll maximum. Nature. 439: 322-5. PMID 16421570 DOI: 10.1038/Nature04245  0.479
2006 White AE, Spitz YH, Karl DM, Letelier RM. Flexible elemental stoichiometry in Trichodesmium spp. and its ecological implications Limnology and Oceanography. 51: 1777-1790. DOI: 10.4319/Lo.2006.51.4.1777  0.794
2006 Church MJ, Ducklow HW, Letelier RM, Karl DM. Temporal and vertical dynamics in picoplankton photoheterotrophic production in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean Aquatic Microbial Ecology. 45: 41-53. DOI: 10.3354/Ame045041  0.797
2006 Corno G, Letelier RM, Abbott MR, Karl DM. Assessing primary production variability in the North Pacific subtropical gyre: A comparison of fast repetition rate fluorometry and 14C measurements Journal of Phycology. 42: 51-60. DOI: 10.1111/J.1529-8817.2006.00163.X  0.805
2006 DeLong EF, Karl DM. Erratum: Corrigendum: Genomic perspectives in microbial oceanography Nature. 439: 1014-1014. DOI: 10.1038/Nature04573  0.512
2006 Ducklow HW, Fraser W, Karl DM, Quetin LB, Ross RM, Smith RC, Stammerjohn SE, Vernet M, Daniels RM. Water-column processes in the West Antarctic Peninsula and the Ross Sea: Interannual variations and foodweb structure Deep-Sea Research Part Ii: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 53: 834-852. DOI: 10.1016/J.Dsr2.2006.02.009  0.653
2006 Brix H, Gruber N, Karl DM, Bates NR. On the relationships between primary, net community, and export production in subtropical gyres Deep-Sea Research Part Ii: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 53: 698-717. DOI: 10.1016/J.Dsr2.2006.01.024  0.428
2005 DeLong EF, Karl DM. Genomic perspectives in microbial oceanography. Nature. 437: 336-42. PMID 16163343 DOI: 10.1038/Nature04157  0.557
2005 Church MJ, Short CM, Jenkins BD, Karl DM, Zehr JP. Temporal patterns of nitrogenase gene (nifH) expression in the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 71: 5362-70. PMID 16151126 DOI: 10.1128/Aem.71.9.5362-5370.2005  0.337
2005 Colman AS, Blake RE, Karl DM, Fogel ML, Turekian KK. Marine phosphate oxygen isotopes and organic matter remineralization in the oceans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 102: 13023-8. PMID 16141319 DOI: 10.1073/Pnas.0506455102  0.415
2005 Johnston W, Cooney M, Schorlemmer A, Pohl S, Karl DM, Bidigare R. Carbon mass balance methodology to characterize the growth of pigmented marine bacteria under conditions of light cycling. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering. 27: 163-74. PMID 15668759 DOI: 10.1007/S00449-004-0395-8  0.386
2005 Björkman KM, Karl DM. Presence of dissolved nucleotides in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre and their role in cycling of dissolved organic phosphorus Aquatic Microbial Ecology. 39: 193-203. DOI: 10.3354/Ame039193  0.343
2005 Church MJ, Jenkins BD, Karl DM, Zehr JP. Vertical distributions of nitrogen-fixing phylotypes at Stn ALOHA in the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean Aquatic Microbial Ecology. 38: 3-14. DOI: 10.3354/Ame038003  0.421
2005 Prahl FG, Popp BN, Karl DM, Sparrow MA. Ecology and biogeochemistry of alkenone production at Station ALOHA Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. 52: 699-719. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2004.12.001  0.368
2004 Church MJ, Ducklow HW, Karl DM. Light dependence of [3H]leucine incorporation in the oligotrophic North Pacific ocean. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 70: 4079-87. PMID 15240286 DOI: 10.1128/Aem.70.7.4079-4087.2004  0.337
2004 Letelier RM, Karl DM, Abbott MR, Bidigare RR. Light driven seasonal patterns of chlorophyll and nitrate in the lower euphotic zone of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre Limnology and Oceanography. 49: 508-519. DOI: 10.4319/Lo.2004.49.2.0508  0.821
2004 Doney SC, Abbott MR, Cullen JJ, Karl DM, Rothstein L. From genes to ecosystems: The ocean's new frontier Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 2: 457-466. DOI: 10.1890/1540-9295(2004)002[0457:Fgteto]2.0.Co;2  0.643
2004 Sakamoto CM, Karl DM, Jannasch HW, Bidigare RR, Letelier RM, Walz PM, Ryan JP, Polito PS, Johnson KS. Influence of Rossby waves on nutrient dynamics and the plankton community structure in the North Pacific subtropical gyre Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans. 109. DOI: 10.1029/2003Jc001976  0.812
2004 Carrillo CJ, Smith RC, Karl DM. Processes regulating oxygen and carbon dioxide in surface waters west of the Antarctic Peninsula Marine Chemistry. 84: 161-179. DOI: 10.1016/J.Marchem.2003.07.004  0.801
2004 Williams PJLB, Morris PJ, Karl DM. Net community production and metabolic balance at the oligotrophic ocean site, station ALOHA Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. 51: 1563-1578. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2004.07.001  0.333
2004 Chen YLL, Chen HY, Karl DM, Takahashi M. Nitrogen modulates phytoplankton growth in spring in the South China Sea Continental Shelf Research. 24: 527-541. DOI: 10.1016/J.Csr.2003.12.006  0.445
2004 Galloway JN, Dentener FJ, Capone DG, Boyer EW, Howarth RW, Seitzinger SP, Asner GP, Cleveland CC, Green PA, Holland EA, Karl DM, Michaels AF, Porter JH, Townsend AR, Vörösmarty CJ. Nitrogen cycles: Past, present, and future Biogeochemistry. 70: 153-226. DOI: 10.1007/S10533-004-0370-0  0.367
2003 Karl DM, Laws EA, Morris P, Williams PJ, Emerson S. Global carbon cycle: metabolic balance of the open sea. Nature. 426: 32. PMID 14603308 DOI: 10.1038/426032A  0.363
2003 de la Torre JR, Christianson LM, Béjà O, Suzuki MT, Karl DM, Heidelberg J, DeLong EF. Proteorhodopsin genes are distributed among divergent marine bacterial taxa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 100: 12830-5. PMID 14566056 DOI: 10.1073/Pnas.2133554100  0.536
2003 Dore JE, Lukas R, Sadler DW, Karl DM. Climate-driven changes to the atmospheric CO2 sink in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Nature. 424: 754-7. PMID 12917678 DOI: 10.1038/Nature01885  0.443
2003 Church MJ, DeLong EF, Ducklow HW, Karner MB, Preston CM, Karl DM. Abundance and distribution of planktonic Archaea and Bacteria in the waters west of the Antarctic Peninsula Limnology and Oceanography. 48: 1893-1902. DOI: 10.4319/Lo.2003.48.5.1893  0.594
2003 Bertilsson S, Berglund O, Karl DM, Chisholm SW. Elemental composition of marine Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus: Implications for the ecological stoichiometry of the sea Limnology and Oceanography. 48: 1721-1731. DOI: 10.4319/Lo.2003.48.5.1721  0.352
2003 Björkman KM, Karl DM. Bioavailability of dissolved organic phosphorus in the euphotic zone at Station ALOHA, North Pacific Subtropical Gyre Limnology and Oceanography. 48: 1049-1057. DOI: 10.4319/Lo.2003.48.3.1049  0.363
2003 Johnson KS, Elrod VA, Fitzwater SE, Plant JN, Chavez FP, Tanner SJ, Gordon RM, Westphal DL, Perry KD, Wu J, Karl DM. Surface ocean-lower atmosphere interactions in the Northeast Pacific Ocean Gyre: Aerosols, iron, and the ecosystem response Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 17: n/a-n/a. DOI: 10.1029/2002Gb002004  0.365
2003 Wu J, Chung S, Wen L, Liu K, Chen YL, Chen H, Karl DM. Dissolved inorganic phosphorus, dissolved iron, andTrichodesmiumin the oligotrophic South China Sea Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 17: 8-1-8-10. DOI: 10.1029/2002Gb001924  0.419
2002 Karl DM. Nutrient dynamics in the deep blue sea. Trends in Microbiology. 10: 410-8. PMID 12217506 DOI: 10.1016/S0966-842X(02)02430-7  0.378
2002 Johnson KS, Karl DM, Chisholm SW, Falkowski PG, Cullen JJ. Is ocean fertilization credible and creditable? [1] (multiple letters) Science. 296: 467-468. PMID 11965672 DOI: 10.1126/Science.296.5567.467B  0.372
2002 Karl DM. Hidden in a sea of microbes. Nature. 415: 590-1. PMID 11832923 DOI: 10.1038/415590B  0.366
2002 Björkman KM, Karl DM. A novel method for the measurement of dissolved adenosine and guanosine triphosphate in aquatic habitats: applications to marine microbial ecology. Journal of Microbiological Methods. 47: 159-67. PMID 11576680 DOI: 10.1016/S0167-7012(01)00301-3  0.369
2002 Dore JE, Brum JR, Tupas LM, Karl DM. Seasonal and interannual variability in sources of nitrogen supporting export in the oligotrophic subtropical North Pacific Ocean Limnology and Oceanography. 47: 1595-1607. DOI: 10.4319/Lo.2002.47.6.1595  0.488
2002 Benitez-Nelson CR, Karl DM. Phosphorus cycling in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre using cosmogenic 32P and 33P Limnology and Oceanography. 47: 762-770. DOI: 10.4319/Lo.2002.47.3.0762  0.326
2002 Church MJ, Ducklow HW, Karl DM. Multiyear increases in dissolved organic matter inventories at Station ALOHA in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre Limnology and Oceanography. 47: 1-10. DOI: 10.4319/Lo.2002.47.1.0001  0.467
2002 Neuer S, Davenport R, Freudenthal T, Wefer G, Llinás O, Rueda M, Steinberg DK, Karl DM. Differences in the biological carbon pump at three subtropical ocean sites Geophysical Research Letters. 29. DOI: 10.1029/2002Gl015393  0.448
2002 Lee K, Karl DM, Wanninkhof R, Zhang JZ. Global estimates of net carbon production in the nitrate-depleted tropical and subtropical oceans Geophysical Research Letters. 29: 13-1. DOI: 10.1029/2001Gl014198  0.456
2002 Karl D, Michaels A, Bergman B, Capone D, Carpenter E, Letelier R, Lipschultz F, {Paerl H, Sigman D, Stal L. Biogeochemistry. 57: 47-98. DOI: 10.1023/A:1015798105851  0.812
2002 Fennel K, Spitz YH, Letelier RM, Abbott MR, Karl DM. A deterministic model for N2 fixation at stn. ALOHA in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean Deep-Sea Research Part Ii: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 49: 149-174. DOI: 10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00098-4  0.818
2001 Zehr JP, Waterbury JB, Turner PJ, Montoya JP, Omoregie E, Steward GF, Hansen A, Karl DM. Unicellular cyanobacteria fix N2 in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Nature. 412: 635-8. PMID 11493920 DOI: 10.1038/35088063  0.383
2001 Karner MB, Delong EF, Karl DM. Archaeal dominance in the mesopelagic zone of the Pacific Ocean Nature. 409: 507-510. PMID 11206545 DOI: 10.1038/35054051  0.62
2001 Karl D, Dore J, Lukas R, Michaels A, Bates N, Knap A. Building the Long-Term Picture: The U.S. JGOFS Time-Series Programs Oceanography. 14: 6-17. DOI: 10.5670/Oceanog.2001.02  0.377
2001 Letelier RM, Karl DM, Abbott MR, Flament P, Freilich M, Lukas R, Strub T. Correction to “Role of late winter mesoscale events in the biogeochemical variability of the upper water column of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre” by R. M. Letelier et al. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 106: 7181-7182. DOI: 10.1029/2001Jc000860  0.783
2001 Ondrusek ME, Bidigare RR, Waters K, Karl DM. A predictive model for estimating rates of primary production in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean Deep-Sea Research Part Ii: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 48: 1837-1863. DOI: 10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00163-6  0.41
2001 Donachie SP, Christian JR, Karl DM. Nutrient regulation of bacterial production and ectoenzyme activities in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean Deep Sea Research Part Ii: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 48: 1719-1732. DOI: 10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00158-2  0.323
2001 Hebel DV, Karl DM. Seasonal, interannual and decadal variations in particulate matter concentrations and composition in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean Deep-Sea Research Part Ii: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 48: 1669-1695. DOI: 10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00155-7  0.474
2001 Karl DM, Björkman KM, Dore JE, Fujieki L, Hebel DV, Houlihan T, Letelier RM, Tupas LM. Ecological nitrogen-to-phosphorus stoichiometry at station ALOHA Deep-Sea Research Part Ii: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 48: 1529-1566. DOI: 10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00152-1  0.825
2001 Karl DM, Bidigare RR, Letelier RM. Long-term changes in plankton community structure and productivity in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre: The domain shift hypothesis Deep-Sea Research Part Ii: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 48: 1449-1470. DOI: 10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00149-1  0.824
2001 Karl DM. A sea of microbes Trends in Microbiology. 9: 44-45. DOI: 10.1016/S0966-842X(00)01908-9  0.368
2001 Karl DM, Björkman KM. Phosphorus cycle in seawater: Dissolved and particulate pool inventories and selected phosphorus fluxes Methods in Microbiology. 30: 239-270. DOI: 10.1016/S0580-9517(01)30048-X  0.316
2001 Karl DM, Dore JE. Microbial ecology at sea: Sampling, subsampling and incubation considerations Methods in Microbiology. 30: 13-39. DOI: 10.1016/S0580-9517(01)30037-5  0.368
2000 Wu J, Sunda W, Boyle EA, Karl DM. Phosphate depletion in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Science (New York, N.Y.). 289: 759-62. PMID 10926534 DOI: 10.1126/Science.289.5480.759  0.425
2000 Karl DM. Aquatic ecology: Phosphorus, the staff of life Nature. 406: 31-33. PMID 10894527 DOI: 10.1038/35017683  0.371
2000 Karl DM. A new source of 'new' nitrogen in the sea Trends in Microbiology. 8: 301. PMID 10878761 DOI: 10.1016/S0966-842X(00)01774-1  0.454
2000 Björkman K, Thomson-Bulldis AL, Karl DM. Phosphorus dynamics in the North Pacific subtropical gyre Aquatic Microbial Ecology. 22: 185-198. DOI: 10.3354/Ame022185  0.398
2000 Letelier RM, Karl DM, Abbott MR, Flament P, Freilich M, Lukas R, Strub T. Role of late winter mesoscale events in the biogeochemical variability of the upper water column of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 105: 28723-28739. DOI: 10.1029/1999Jc000306  0.793
2000 YUAN-HUILI, Karl DM, Winn CD, Mackenzie FT, Gans K. Remineralization ratios in the subtropical north pacific gyre Aquatic Geochemistry. 6: 65-86. DOI: 10.1023/A:1009676300859  0.336
2000 Ostrom NE, Russ ME, Popp B, Rust TM, Karl DM. Mechanisms of nitrous oxide production in the subtropical North Pacific based on determinations of the isotopic abundances of nitrous oxide and di-oxygen Chemosphere - Global Change Science. 2: 281-290. DOI: 10.1016/S1465-9972(00)00031-3  0.394
1999 Karl DM, Bird DF, Björkman K, Houlihan T, Shackelford R, Tupas L. Microorganisms in the accreted ice of Lake Vostok, Antarctica. Science (New York, N.Y.). 286: 2144-7. PMID 10591643 DOI: 10.1126/Science.286.5447.2144  0.368
1999 Scharek R, Tupas LM, Karl DM. Diatom fluxes to the deep sea in the oligotrophic North Pacific gyre at Station ALOHA Marine Ecology Progress Series. 182: 55-67. DOI: 10.3354/Meps182055  0.448
1999 Donachie SP, Kinzie RA, Bidigare RR, Sadler DW, Karl DM. Lake Kauhako, Moloka'i, Hawai'i: Biological and chemical aspects of a morpho-ectogenic meromictic lake Aquatic Microbial Ecology. 19: 93-103. DOI: 10.3354/Ame019093  0.313
1999 Bird DF, Karl DM. Uncoupling of bacteria and phytoplankton during the austral spring bloom in Gerlache Strait, Antarctic Peninsula Aquatic Microbial Ecology. 19: 13-27. DOI: 10.3354/Ame019013  0.386
1999 Bell RE, Karl DM. Evolutionary processes a focus of decade-long ecosystem study of antarctic's lake vostok Eos. 80: 573-579. DOI: 10.1029/Eo080I048P00573-02  0.384
1999 Carrillo CJ, Karl DM. Dissolved inorganic carbon pool dynamics in northern Gerlache Strait, Antarctica Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 104: 15873-15884. DOI: 10.1029/1999Jc900110  0.827
1999 Scharek R, Latasa M, Karl DM, Bidigare RR. Temporal variations in diatom abundance and downward vertical flux in the oligotrophic North Pacific gyre Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. 46: 1051-1075. DOI: 10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00102-2  0.312
1999 Karl DM. A sea of change: Biogeochemical variability in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre Ecosystems. 2: 181-214. DOI: 10.1007/S100219900068  0.45
1998 Thomson-Bulldis A, Karl D. Application of a novel method for phosphorus determinations in the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean Limnology and Oceanography. 43: 1565-1577. DOI: 10.4319/Lo.1998.43.7.1565  0.378
1998 Karl DM, Hebel DV, Björkman K, Letelier RM. The role of dissolved organic matter release in the productivity of the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean Limnology and Oceanography. 43: 1270-1286. DOI: 10.4319/Lo.1998.43.6.1270  0.825
1998 Christian JR, Karl DM. Ectoaminopeptidase specificity and regulation in Antarctic marine pelagic microbial communities Aquatic Microbial Ecology. 15: 303-310. DOI: 10.3354/Ame015303  0.334
1998 Letelier RM, Karl DM. Trichodesmium spp. physiology and nutrient fluxes in the North Pacific subtronical gyre Aquatic Microbial Ecology. 15: 265-276. DOI: 10.3354/Ame015265  0.824
1998 Dore JE, Popp BN, Karl DM, Sansone FJ. A large source of atmospheric nitrous oxide from subtropical North Pacific surface waters Nature. 396: 63-66. DOI: 10.1038/23921  0.438
1998 Moyer CL, Tiedje JM, Dobbs FC, Karl DM. Diversity of deep-sea hydrothermal vent archaea from Loihi Seamount, Hawaii Deep-Sea Research Part Ii: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 45: 303-317. DOI: 10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00081-7  0.33
1998 Winn CD, Li YH, MacKenzie FT, Karl DM. Rising surface ocean dissolved inorganic carbon at the Hawaii Ocean time-series site Marine Chemistry. 60: 33-47. DOI: 10.1016/S0304-4203(97)00085-6  0.43
1997 Karl DM, Yanagi K. Partial characterization of the dissolved organic phosphorus pool in the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean Limnology and Oceanography. 42: 1398-1405. DOI: 10.4319/Lo.1997.42.6.1398  0.347
1997 Karl D, Letelier R, Tupas L, Dore J, Christian J, Hebel D. The role of nitrogen fixation in biogeochemical cycling in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean Nature. 388: 533-538. DOI: 10.1038/41474  0.825
1997 Emerson S, Quay P, Karl D, Winn C, Tupas L, Landry M. Experimental determination of the organic carbon flux from open-ocean surface waters Nature. 389: 951-954. DOI: 10.1038/40111  0.319
1997 Christian JR, Lewis MR, Karl DM. Vertical fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre near Hawaii Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 102: 15667-15677. DOI: 10.1029/97Jc00369  0.463
1997 Letelier RM, Abbott MR, Karl DM. Chlorophyll natural fluorescence response to upwelling events in the Southern Ocean Geophysical Research Letters. 24: 409-412. DOI: 10.1029/97Gl00205  0.789
1997 Karl DM, Tien G. Temporal variability in dissolved phosphorus concentrations in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean Marine Chemistry. 56: 77-96. DOI: 10.1016/S0304-4203(96)00081-3  0.459
1996 Dore JE, Karl DM. Nitrification in the euphotic zone as a source for nitrite, nitrate, and nitrous oxide at Station ALOHA Limnology and Oceanography. 41: 1619-1628. DOI: 10.4319/Lo.1996.41.8.1619  0.322
1996 Letelier RM, Karl DM. Role of trichodesmium spp. in the productivity of the subtropical North Pacific Ocean Marine Ecology Progress Series. 133: 263-273. DOI: 10.3354/Meps133263  0.835
1996 Letelier RM, Dore JE, Winn CD, Karl DM. Seasonal and interannual variations in photosynthetic carbon assimilation at Station Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography. 43: 467-490. DOI: 10.1016/0967-0645(96)00006-9  0.817
1996 Karl DM, Lukas R. The Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) program: Background, rationale and field implementation Deep-Sea Research Part Ii: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 43: 129-156. DOI: 10.1016/0967-0645(96)00005-7  0.431
1996 Karl D, Christian J, Dore J, Hebel D, Letelier R, Tupas L, Winn C. Seasonal and interannual variability in primary production and particle flux at Station ALOHA Deep Sea Research Part Ii: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 43: 539-568. DOI: 10.1016/0967-0645(96)00002-1  0.829
1996 Dore JE, Karl DM. Nitrite distributions and dynamics at Station ALOHA Deep-Sea Research Part Ii: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 43: 385-402. DOI: 10.1016/0967-0645(95)00105-0  0.433
1996 Dore JE, Houlihan T, Hebel DV, Tien G, Tupas L, Karl DM. Freezing as a method of sample preservation for the analysis of dissolved inorganic nutrients in seawater Marine Chemistry. 53: 173-185. DOI: 10.1016/0304-4203(96)00004-7  0.316
1996 Letelier RM, Dore JE, Winn CD, Karl DM. Seasonal and interannual variations in photosynthetic carbon assimilation at station ALOHA Deep-Sea Research Part Ii: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 43: 467-490.  0.824
1995 Moyer CL, Dobbs FC, Karl DM. Phylogenetic diversity of the bacterial community from a microbial mat at an active, hydrothermal vent system, Loihi seamount, Hawaii Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 61: 1555-1562. PMID 7538279 DOI: 10.1128/Aem.61.4.1555-1562.1995  0.321
1995 Smith R, Baker K, Fraser W, Hofmann E, Karl D, Klink J, Quentin L, Prezelin B, Ross R, Trivelpiece W, Vernet M. The Palmer LTER: A Long-Term Ecological Research Program at Palmer Station, Antarctica Oceanography. 8: 77-86. DOI: 10.5670/Oceanog.1995.01  0.553
1995 Christian JR, Karl DM. Bacterial ectoenzymes in marine waters: Activity ratios and temperature responses in three oceanographic provinces Limnology and Oceanography. 40: 1042-1049. DOI: 10.4319/Lo.1995.40.6.1042  0.456
1995 Karl DM. HOT and the North Pacific gyre Nature. 378: 22-22. DOI: 10.1038/378022A0  0.363
1995 Karl DM, Letelier R, Hebel D, Tupas L, Dore J, Christian J, Winn C. Ecosystem changes in the North Pacific subtropical gyre attributed to the 1991–92 El Niño Nature. 373: 230-234. DOI: 10.1038/373230A0  0.833
1995 Sabine CL, Mackenzie FT, Winn C, Karl DM. Geochemistry of carbon dioxide in seawater at the Hawaii Ocean Time series station, ALOHA Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 9: 637-651. DOI: 10.1029/95Gb02382  0.375
1995 Winn CD, Campbell L, Christian JR, Letelier RM, Hebel DV, Dore JE, Fujieki L, Karl DM. Seasonal variability in the phytoplankton community of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 9: 605-620. DOI: 10.1029/95Gb02149  0.823
1995 Tilbrook BD, Karl DM. Methane sources, distributions and sinks from California coastal waters to the oligotrophic North Pacific gyre Marine Chemistry. 49: 51-64. DOI: 10.1016/0304-4203(94)00058-L  0.413
1994 Moyer CL, Dobbs FC, Karl DM. Estimation of diversity and community structure through restriction fragment length polymorphism distribution analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA genes from a microbial mat at an active, hydrothermal vent system, Loihi Seamount, Hawaii Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 60: 871-879. PMID 7512808 DOI: 10.1128/Aem.60.3.871-879.1994  0.319
1994 Baines SB, Pace ML, Karl DM. Why does the relationship between sinking flux and planktonic primary production differ between lakes and oceans? Limnology and Oceanography. 39: 213-226. DOI: 10.4319/Lo.1994.39.2.0213  0.444
1994 Karl DM, Tilbrook BD. Production and transport of methane in oceanic particulate organic matter Nature. 368: 732-734. DOI: 10.1038/368732A0  0.455
1994 Tilbrook BD, Karl DM. Dissolved methane distributions, sources, and sinks in the western Bransfield Strait, Antarctica Journal of Geophysical Research. 99. DOI: 10.1029/94Jc01043  0.358
1994 Christian JR, Karl DM. Microbial community structure at the US-Joint Global Ocean Flux Study Station ALOHA: inverse methods for estimating biochemical indicator ratios Journal of Geophysical Research. 99. DOI: 10.1029/94Jc00681  0.414
1994 Winn CD, Mackenzie FT, Carrillo CJ, Sabine CL, Karl DM. Air-sea carbon dioxide exchange in the North Pacific subtropical gyre: implications for the global carbon budget Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 8: 157-163. DOI: 10.1029/94Gb00387  0.817
1994 Tupas LM, Popp BN, Karl DM. Dissolved organic carbon in oligotrophic waters: experiments on sample preservation, storage and analysis Marine Chemistry. 45: 207-216. DOI: 10.1016/0304-4203(94)90004-3  0.412
1994 Tupas LM, Koike I, Karl DM, Holm-Hansen O. Nitrogen metabolism by heterotrophic bacterial assemblages in Antarctic coastal waters Polar Biology. 14: 195-204. DOI: 10.1007/Bf00240524  0.653
1994 Karl DM. Accurate estimation of microbial loop processes and rates Microbial Ecology. 28: 147-150. DOI: 10.1007/Bf00166802  0.303
1993 Letelier RM, Bidigare RR, Hebel DV, Ondrusek M, Winn CD, Karl DM. Temporal variability of phytoplankton community structure based on pigment analysis Limnology and Oceanography. 38: 1420-1437. DOI: 10.4319/Lo.1993.38.7.1420  0.827
1993 Sambrotto RN, Savidge G, Robinson C, Boyd P, Takahashi T, Karl DM, Langdon C, Chipman D, Marra J, Codispoti L. Elevated consumption of carbon relative to nitrogen in the surface ocean Nature. 363: 248-250. DOI: 10.1038/363248A0  0.46
1993 Karl DM, Tien G, Dore J, Winn CD. Total dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations at US-JGOFS station ALOHA: Redfield reconciliation Marine Chemistry. 41: 203-208. DOI: 10.1016/0304-4203(93)90120-D  0.463
1992 Harrison WG, Harris LR, Karl DM, Knauer GA, Redalje DG. Nitrogen dynamics at the VERTEX time-series site Deep Sea Research Part a, Oceanographic Research Papers. 39: 1535-1552. DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(92)90046-V  0.302
1992 Karl DM. The grounding of the Bahia Paraiso: Microbial ecology of the 1989 Antarctic oil spill Microbial Ecology. 24: 77-89. DOI: 10.1007/Bf00171972  0.372
1992 Karl DM, Letelier R, Hebel DV, Bird DF, Winn CD. Trichodesmium blooms and new nitrogen in the North Pacific gyre Marine Pelagic Cyanobacteria. 219-237.  0.828
1991 Huntley ME, Lopez MD, Karl DM. Top predators in the Southern ocean: a major leak in the biological carbon pump. Science (New York, N.Y.). 253: 64-6. PMID 1905841 DOI: 10.1126/Science.1905841  0.426
1991 Taylor GT, Karl DM. Vertical fluxes of biogenic particles and associated biota in the eastern north Pacific: implications for biogeochemical cycling and productivity Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 5: 289-303. DOI: 10.1029/91Gb01543  0.444
1991 Karl DM, Winn CD. A sea of change: Monitoring the oceans' carbon cycle Environmental Science and Technology. 25: 1976-1980. DOI: 10.1021/Es00024A600  0.395
1991 Karl DM, Tilbrook BD, Tien G. Seasonal coupling of organic matter production and particle flux in the western Bransfield Strait, Antartica Deep Sea Research Part a, Oceanographic Research Papers. 38: 1097-1126. DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(91)90098-Z  0.461
1991 Karl D, Holm-Hansen O, Taylor G, Tien G, Bird D. Microbial biomass and productivity in the western Bransfield Strait, Antarctica during the 1986–87 austral summer Deep Sea Research Part a. Oceanographic Research Papers. 38: 1029-1055. DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(91)90095-W  0.603
1991 Huntley M, Karl DM, Niller P, Holm-Hansen O. Research on Antarctic Coastal Ecosystem Rates (RACER): an interdisciplinary field experiment Deep Sea Research Part a. Oceanographic Research Papers. 38: 911-941. DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(91)90090-3  0.535
1989 Karl D, Knauer G. Swimmers: A Recapitulation of the Problem and a Potential Solution Oceanography. 2: 32-35. DOI: 10.5670/Oceanog.1989.28  0.395
1989 Laws EA, DiTullio GR, Betzer PR, Karl DM, Carder KL. Autotrophic production and elemental fluxes at 26°N, 155°W in the North Pacific subtropical gyre Deep Sea Research Part a, Oceanographic Research Papers. 36: 103-120. DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(89)90021-6  0.303
1989 Haberstroh PR, Karl DM. Dissolved free amino acids in hydrothermal vent habitats of the Guaymas Basin Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta. 53: 2937-2945. DOI: 10.1016/0016-7037(89)90170-1  0.348
1989 Holm-Hansen O, Mitchell BG, Hewes CD, Karl DM. Phytoplankton blooms in the vicinity of palmer station, Antarctica Polar Biology. 10: 49-57. DOI: 10.1007/Bf00238290  0.662
1988 Karl DM, McMurtry GM, Malahoff A, Garcia MO. Loihi Seamount, Hawaii: A mid-plate volcano with a distinctive hydrothermal system Nature. 335: 532-535. DOI: 10.1038/335532A0  0.399
1988 Karl DM, Knauer GA, Martin JH. Downward flux of particulate organic matter in the Ocean: A particle decomposition paradox Nature. 332: 438-441. DOI: 10.1038/332438A0  0.407
1987 Orrett K, Karl DM. Dissolved organic phosphorus production in surface seawaters1 Limnology and Oceanography. 32: 383-395. DOI: 10.4319/Lo.1987.32.2.0383  0.38
1987 Pace ML, Knauer GA, Karl DM, Martin JH. Primary production, new production and vertical flux in the eastern Pacific Ocean Nature. 325: 803-804. DOI: 10.1038/325803A0  0.455
1987 Martin JH, Knauer GA, Karl DM, Broenkow WW. VERTEX: carbon cycling in the northeast Pacific Deep Sea Research Part a, Oceanographic Research Papers. 34: 267-285. DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(87)90086-0  0.425
1987 Karl DM, Jones DR, Novitsky JA, Winn CD, Bossard P. Specific growth rates of natural microbial communities measured by adenine nucleotide pool turnover Journal of Microbiological Methods. 6: 221-235. DOI: 10.1016/0167-7012(87)90051-0  0.315
1986 Laws EA, Jones D, Karl DM. Method for Assessing Heterogeneity in Turnover Rates within Microbial Communities. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 52: 866-874. PMID 16347178 DOI: 10.1128/Aem.52.4.866-874.1986  0.319
1986 Taylor G, Karl D, Pace M. Impact of bacteria and zooflagellates on the composition of sinking particles: an in situ experiment Marine Ecology Progress Series. 29: 141-155. DOI: 10.3354/Meps029141  0.407
1986 Bossard P, Karl DM. The direct measurement of ATP and adenine nucleotide pool turnover in microorganisms: A new method for environmental assessment of metabolism, energy flux and phosphorus dynamics Journal of Plankton Research. 8: 1-13. DOI: 10.1093/Plankt/8.1.1  0.328
1986 Winn CD, Karl DM, Massoth GJ. Microorganisms in deep-sea hydrothermal plumes Nature. 320: 744-746. DOI: 10.1038/320744A0  0.388
1985 Novitsky JA, Karl DM. Influence of Deep Ocean Sewage Outfalls on the Microbial Activity of the Surrounding Sediment Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 50: 1464-1473. DOI: 10.1128/Aem.50.6.1464-1473.1985  0.405
1984 Laws EA, Redalje DG, Haas LW, Bienfang PK, Eppley RW, Harrison WG, Karl DM, Marra J. High phytoplankton growth and production rates in oligotrophic Hawaiian coastal waters1 Limnology and Oceanography. 29: 1161-1169. DOI: 10.4319/Lo.1984.29.6.1161  0.355
1984 Knauer GA, Karl DM, Martin JH, Hunter CN. In situ effects of selected preservatives on total carbon, nitrogen and metals collected in sediment traps Journal of Marine Research. 42: 445-462. DOI: 10.1357/002224084788502710  0.333
1984 Karl DM, Knauer GA, Martin JH, Ward BB. Bacterial chemolithotrophy in the ocean is associated with sinking particles Nature. 309: 54-56. DOI: 10.1038/309054A0  0.427
1984 Andrews CC, Karl DM, Small LF, Fowler SW. Metabolic activity and bioluminescence of oceanic faecal pellets and sediment trap particles Nature. 307: 539-541. DOI: 10.1038/307539A0  0.388
1984 Costa-Pierce BA, Craven DB, Karl DM, Laws EA. Correlation of in situ respiration rates and microbial biomass in prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) ponds Aquaculture. 37: 157-168. DOI: 10.1016/0044-8486(84)90073-5  0.354
1984 Craven DB, Karl DM. Microbial RNA and DNA synthesis in marine sediments Marine Biology. 83: 129-139. DOI: 10.1007/Bf00394720  0.379
1984 Karl DM, Knauer GA. Detritus- microbe interactions in the marine pelagic environment: selected results from the VERTEX experiment Bulletin of Marine Science. 35: 550-565.  0.311
1983 Takano CT, Folsome CE, Karl DM. ATP as a biomass indicator for closed ecosystems Biosystems. 16: 75-78. PMID 6871389 DOI: 10.1016/0303-2647(83)90027-8  0.347
1983 Laws EA, Karl DM, Redalje DG, Jurick RS, Winn CD. VARIABILITY IN RATIOS OF PHYTOPLANKTON CARBON AND RNA TO ATP AND CHLOROPHYLL A IN BATCH AND CONTINUOUS CULTURES1,2 Journal of Phycology. 19: 439-445. DOI: 10.1111/J.0022-3646.1983.00439.X  0.303
1983 Laws EA, Redalje DG, Karl DM, Chalup MS. A theoretical and experimental examination of the predictions of two recent models of phytoplankton growth Journal of Theoretical Biology. 105: 469-491. DOI: 10.1016/0022-5193(83)90188-1  0.351
1982 Karl DM. Microbial transformations of organic matter at oceanic interfaces: A review and prospectus Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union. 63: 138. DOI: 10.1029/Eo063I005P00138  0.374
1981 Karl DM. Simultaneous rates of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid syntheses for estimating growth and cell division of aquatic microbial communities Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 42: 802-810. DOI: 10.1128/Aem.42.5.802-810.1981  0.302
1981 DeLaca TE, Karl DM, Lipps JH. Direct use of dissolved organic carbon by agglutinated benthic foraminifera Nature. 289: 287-289. DOI: 10.1038/289287A0  0.38
1981 Fellows DA, Karl DM, Knauer GA. Large particle fluxes and the vertical transport of living carbon in the upper 1500 m of the northeast Pacific Ocean Deep Sea Research Part a, Oceanographic Research Papers. 28: 921-936. DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(81)90010-8  0.309
1981 Karl DM, Winn CD, Wong DCL. RNA synthesis as a measure of microbial growth in aquatic environments. II. Field applications Marine Biology. 64: 13-21. DOI: 10.1007/Bf00394076  0.313
1981 Karl DM, Winn CD, Wong DCL. RNA synthesis as a measure of microbial growth in aquatic environments. I. Evaluation, verification and optimization of methods Marine Biology. 64: 1-12. DOI: 10.1007/Bf00394075  0.313
1981 Hodson RE, Azam F, Carlucci AF, Fuhrman JA, Karl DM, Holm-Hansen O. Microbial uptake of dissolved organic matter in Mcmurdo Sound, Antarctica Marine Biology. 61: 89-94. DOI: 10.1007/Bf00386648  0.713
1980 Karl DM, Craven DB. Effects of alkaline phosphatase activity on nucleotide measurements in aquatic microbial communities Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 40: 549-561. DOI: 10.1128/Aem.40.3.549-561.1980  0.305
1980 Karl DM, Wirsen CO, Jannasch HW. Deep-Sea Primary Production at the Galapagos Hydrothermal Vents Science. 207: 1345-1347. DOI: 10.1126/Science.207.4437.1345  0.409
1980 Karl DM, Nealson KH. Regulation of cellular metabolism during synthesis and expression of the luminous system in Beneckea and Photobacterium Journal of General Microbiology. 117: 357-368. DOI: 10.1099/00221287-119-1-285B  0.497
1979 Azam F, Beers JR, Campbell L, Carlucci AF, Holm-Hansen O, Reid FM, Karl DM. Occurrence and metabolic activity of organisms under the ross ice shelf, antarctica, at station j9. Science (New York, N.Y.). 203: 451-3. PMID 17734142 DOI: 10.1126/Science.203.4379.451  0.655
1979 Karl DM. Measurement of microbial activity and growth in the ocean by rates of stable ribonucleic acid synthesis Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 38: 850-860. DOI: 10.1128/Aem.38.5.850-860.1979  0.305
1979 Weiler CS, Karl DM. DIEL CHANGES IN PHASED-DIVIDING CULTURES OF CERATIUM FURCA (DINOPHYCEAE): NUCLEOTIDE TRIPHOSPHATES, ADENYLATE ENERGY CHARGE, CELL CARBON, AND PATTERNS OF VERTICAL MIGRATION Journal of Phycology. 15: 384-391. DOI: 10.1111/J.1529-8817.1979.Tb00709.X  0.317
1978 Karl DM. Distribution, abundance, and metabolic states of microorganisms in the water column and sediments of the Black Sea1 Limnology and Oceanography. 23: 936-949. DOI: 10.4319/Lo.1978.23.5.0936  0.393
1978 Karl DM. Occurrence and ecological significance of GTP in the ocean and in microbial cells Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 36: 349-355. DOI: 10.1128/Aem.36.2.349-355.1978  0.328
1978 Holm-Hansen O, Karl DM. [8] Biomass and adenylate energy charge determination in microbial cell extracts and environmental samples Methods in Enzymology. 57: 73-85. DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(78)57010-9  0.57
1978 Karl DM, Haugsness JA, Campbell L, Holm-Hansen O. Adenine nucleotide extraction from multicellular organisms and beach sand: ATP recovery, energy charge ratios and determination of carbon/ATP ratios Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 34: 163-181. DOI: 10.1016/0022-0981(78)90039-4  0.592
1978 Karl DM, Holm-Hansen O. Methodology and measurement of adenylate energy charge ratios in environmental samples Marine Biology. 48: 185-197. DOI: 10.1007/Bf00395018  0.598
1977 Karl DM, LaRock PA, Shultz DJ. Adenosine triphosphate and organic carbon in the Cariaco Trench Deep-Sea Research. 24: 105-113. DOI: 10.1016/0146-6291(77)90546-X  0.435
1976 Karl DM, Holm-Hansen O. Effects of luciferin concentration of the quantitative assay of ATP using crude luciferase preparations Analytical Biochemistry. 75: 100-112. PMID 962121 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90060-9  0.559
1976 Karl DM, LaRock PA, Morse JW, Sturges W. Adenosine triphosphate in the North Atlantic ocean and its relationship to the oxygen minimum Deep-Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts. 23: 81-88. DOI: 10.1016/0011-7471(76)90810-X  0.411
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