2016 — 2018 |
Broussard, Josiane |
K01Activity Code Description: For support of a scientist, committed to research, in need of both advanced research training and additional experience. |
Effects of Physical Activity On Cardiometabolic Impairments Associated With Insufficient Sleep
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Background: Rates of obesity in the United States have doubled over the last 30 years, as has the percentage of persons in the U.S. with diagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and both conditions are rapidly increasing worldwide. Although changes in diet and energy expenditure have played an important role, sleep deficiency and circadian misalignment are risk factors for the development of obesity, insulin resistance and T2DM. Humans spend up to one third of their lives asleep and yet the function of sleep remains a topic of intense debate. While evidence supports a role for sleep in learning, memory and other central nervous system functions, well-controlled laboratory studies have demonstrated that sleep restriction has adverse effects on metabolism, both at the whole body, as well as molecular level. However, few studies to date have examined countermeasures to sleep loss and associated circadian misalignment. Research: The proposed study will assess the role of physical activity in mitigating physiological impairments associated with insufficient sleep, as well as provide complimentary training necessary to pursue a future independent scientific career at the intersection of metabolism and sleep/circadian biology.
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0.969 |
2019 |
Broussard, Josiane |
R03Activity Code Description: To provide research support specifically limited in time and amount for studies in categorical program areas. Small grants provide flexibility for initiating studies which are generally for preliminary short-term projects and are non-renewable. |
Impact of Insufficient Sleep On Peripheral Metabolic Tissues @ Colorado State University
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Rates of obesity in the United States have doubled over the last 30 years, as has the percentage of persons in the U.S. with diagnosed Type 2 diabetes (T2D), and both conditions are rapidly increasing worldwide. Although changes in diet and energy expenditure have played an important role, insufficient sleep and circadian misalignment have been identified as novel risk factors for the development of such metabolic diseases and are often unavoidable in modern, 24-hour society (e.g. long work hours, jet lag, medical residency, emergency responders, military personnel, shift workers). Humans spend up to one third of their lives asleep and yet the function of sleep remains a topic of intense debate. While evidence supports a role for sleep in learning, memory and other central nervous system functions, clinical studies have demonstrated that sleep restriction has adverse effects on metabolism, both at the whole body, as well as molecular level. Over the last century, the average sleep duration in American adults has decreased by nearly 2 hours per night. Insufficient sleep impairs insulin sensitivity, resulting in insulin resistance?the biggest risk factor for the development of diabetes?yet our mechanistic understanding underlying this risk remains unknown, especially with respect to tissue-specific metabolic alterations. Previous studies and our preliminary data resulting from research supported by the current K01 suggest that sleep loss may impact adipose and skeletal muscle tissue insulin sensitivity and function, however, in depth assessments of peripheral metabolic tissues in the context of insufficient sleep have not been conducted. We expect that achievement of these aims will yield the following expected outcomes. First, these results will establish that insufficient sleep leads to adverse effects directly at the adipose and skeletal tissue and will reveal that sleep plays an integral role in the regulation of adipose and skeletal tissue insulin sensitivity. Second, these data will generate mechanisms by which sleep loss induces insulin resistance in peripheral metabolic tissues. Third, the proposed project will provide Dr. Broussard additional molecular-based training in adipose and skeletal muscle biology that will further distinguish her from her K01 mentors. Completion of the proposed project will generate critical preliminary data that will allow Dr. Broussard pursue a future independent scientific career at the intersection of metabolism and sleep/circadian biology. These outcomes will have an important and immediate impact as they will reveal insufficient sleep causes tissue-specific insulin resistance, which could be targeted to prevent and treat metabolic diseases. The contribution of the proposed research is expected to be identification of alterations in both adipose and muscle tissue following sleep loss in humans. This contribution will be significant because direct assessments of adipose and muscle tissue in the context of insufficient sleep will reveal new therapeutic targets and/or countermeasures to combat the growing incidence insulin resistance and diabetes.
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0.948 |
2020 — 2021 |
Broussard, Josiane |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Time-Restricted Feeding to Mitigate Metabolic Impairments During Circadian Misalignment @ Colorado State University
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT People who work evening, night or rotating shifts (i.e. ?nonstandard? work hours) represent one in five U.S. employees and are alarmingly 44% more likely to develop Type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to people who work standard day shifts. Circadian misalignment is one mechanism suggested to increases the risk of obesity and diabetes in people who work non-standard hours, and is highly prevalent and often unavoidable in modern, 24-hour society (e.g. shift work, long work hours, jet lag, medical residency, emergency responders, military personnel, Daylight Savings Time changes, etc). Disruptions in sleep and circadian rhythms have been linked to insulin resistance, increased energy intake, weight gain, and increased total body, abdominal and intrahepatic fat content, yet there have been limited attempts at identifying strategies or countermeasures to prevent the impact of such disruption on T2D risk in a sizeable proportion of the population. Therefore, our long-term goal is to identify and develop effective, behavioral countermeasures to combat the increased risk for metabolic diseases associated with sleep and circadian disruption when these behaviors are unavoidable. The overall objective for this project is to test the impact of time-restricted feeding to a 7h period in the day as a noninvasive countermeasure to the metabolic impairments associated with circadian misalignment. Our central hypothesis is that time-restricted feeding to the daytime period will prevent metabolic impairments during circadian misalignment compared to a condition where energy is consumed throughout the day and night. The rationale for the proposed project is that defining a non-invasive, scalable and feasible countermeasure to circadian misalignment could mitigate the risk of obesity and T2D. To test our overall hypothesis, will use a randomized crossover study with a rigorous inpatient diet-, activity and light-controlled protocol in 32 healthy men and women. We will determine the impact of time- restricted feeding during circadian misalignment on 1) muscle tissue insulin sensitivity and gene expression; and 2) muscle tissue lipid accumulation and circulating nocturnal FFA and glucose concentrations. Findings from this study represent a critical advancement in the fields of translational circadian and metabolic physiology by identifying and testing a countermeasure to circadian misalignment. Achievement of our proposed aims could lead to the development of new intervention strategies for chronic disease prevention and management. The knowledge to be gained offers the potential to support cost-effective programs that may inform our healthcare approach to metabolic disease prevention in populations at risk for these diseases such as shift workers, individuals with sleep disorders and anyone who eats outside of daytime hours.
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0.948 |