Area:
Sensory systems, auditory, olfactory
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High-probability grants
According to our matching algorithm, Anne-Marie M. Oswald is the likely recipient of the following grants.
Years |
Recipients |
Code |
Title / Keywords |
Matching score |
2011 — 2013 |
Oswald, Anne-Marie Michelle |
R03Activity Code Description: To provide research support specifically limited in time and amount for studies in categorical program areas. Small grants provide flexibility for initiating studies which are generally for preliminary short-term projects and are non-renewable. |
Circuit Mechanisms Shaping Olfactory Cortical Responses During Passive and Active @ Carnegie-Mellon University
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A central issue in sensory research is understanding how behaviorally relevant stimuli are represented in the activity of neural networks. In this proposal, we explore the links between the function of neuronal circuits and behavior in the olfactory system. When animals encounter a novel odorant or environment they quickly transition from passive respiration to active sniffing. In humans, impaired sniffing in Parkinson's patients leads to olfactory task deficits. Although sniffing is proposed to play an important role in the formation of olfactory percepts, it is not known how cortical networks process information acquired during sniffing. The experiments we describe in this proposal investigate the cellular and circuit-level mechanisms that produce dynamic cortical response patterns that are reflective of input obtained during passive respiration versus active sniffing. Our preliminary data suggests that short-term synaptic plasticity in olfactory bulb inputs and local interneuron microcircuits act synergistically to produce differential cortical population responses during passive respiration versus active sniffing. We will use a combination of in vitro calcium imaging and simultaneous, multi-neuron, electrophysiological recording to elucidate the roles of synaptic plasticity and circuit architecture in shaping cortical responses. Such a mechanistic and detailed analysis olfactory cortical circuitry will provide an important framework for understanding how olfactory information is processed during passive and active behavioral states. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Despite years of research, and considerable progress in understanding how the brain represents sensory information, direct links between sensory input, neural activity and behavior remain elusive. Sniffing is a well-known behavior in humans and animals and a single sniff provides a snapshot of the olfactory world. Impaired sniffing due to disease can result in olfactory perceptual deficits. The experiments in this proposal investigate the microcircuit mechanisms by which behaviorally relevant patterns of olfactory input during sniffing are reflected in the spatiotemporal patterns of cortical neural activity. Such studies are critical for understanding how sensory input is transformed during cortical processing to form salient percepts and behavioral responses.
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1 |
2015 — 2017 |
Doiron, Brent D. (co-PI) [⬀] Oswald, Anne-Marie Michelle |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Crcns: Formation of Stimulus Selective Neural Assemblies in Piriform Cortex @ University of Pittsburgh At Pittsburgh
?Sensory cortex decomposes complex inputs into feature-based components, and distributes their representation over populations of neurons. In special cases this distribution is very clear--for instance the visual and auditory system respectively map retinal image and acoustic frequency along a spatial dimension within cortex. In general, however, rich sensory scenes are a mixture of features, and it remains unclear how the cortex mingles and segregates aspects of a complex sensory representation across neural populations. Olfactory stimuli are extraordinarily complex, with distinct odors comprised from a mixture of compounds. The circuitry in olfactory cortex is equally intricate, with populations of neurons coupling to one another with seemingly random rules, and receiving similarly random projections from lower centers. The combination of these two facts obfuscates the organization of odor representation. Our proposal leverages advances in experimental circuit identification and manipulation, as well as theoretical frameworks for large-scale cortical networks, to establish principles for the distribution of odor identity and concentration coding across olfactory cortex. Specifically, we aim to establish the following links between olfactory circuitry and odor coding: 1 )There exists a graded distribution of specific inhibitory sub-circuits along the rostral-caudal axis of the olfactory cortex. 2) The rostral-caudal distribution of inhibition interacts with Hebbian plasticity mechanisms so as to shape the odor selectivity of cells along the rostral-caudal axis. These advances will provide much needed insights into how cortical structures represent and process distinct aspects of an odor scene.
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1 |