2008 — 2012 |
Simms, Leonard Jay |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Development of a Computerized Adaptive Test of Personality Disorder (Cat-Pd) @ State University of New York At Buffalo
[unreadable] DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Personality disorders are common in the general population and are particularly prevalent among psychiatric patients. Of concern, personality disorders are associated with a number of adverse outcomes, including suicidality, attenuated treatment response, increased utilization of health care services, and significant functional impairment. It is therefore crucial that clinicians and researchers have tools available to efficiently assess this key aspect of psychological functioning. Unfortunately, many common measures of personality pathology are quite long and inefficient and/or must be administered and scored by professional staff. Moreover, a number of categorical and dimensional models of personality pathology have been proposed, but the lack of integration and comprehensiveness among these models has led to confusion in health care and research settings and has resulted in a decrease in assessment of personality pathology. Thus, in the proposed research, our general aims are to (a) identify a comprehensive and integrative set of dimensions relevant to personality pathology, and (b) develop an efficient computerized adaptive method the CAT-PD to measure these dimensions. Computerized adaptive tests (CATs) are rooted in modern psychometric methods and are designed to select items for administration that are tailored individually to each patient, which typically leads to significant gains in measurement efficiency with little or no cost to test reliability or validity. To accomplish our general goals, we plan a five-phase project in which we (Phase 1) identify the content domains to be assessed and develop the initial item pool based on the public domain International Personality Item Pool (IPIP), (Phase 2) collect self-report item responses from two samples each of psychiatric patients (total N = 500) and community-dwelling adults (total N = 500) and conduct analyses of those responses to develop and cross-validate the CAT-PD scales, (Phase 3) calibrate the CAT-PD items using item response theory (IRT) and conduct CAT simulations to guide construction of the live CAT-PD software, (Phase 4) develop CAT-PD software based on the results of all previous phases, and (Phase 5) conduct a live-testing study of the CAT-PD in a new sample of psychiatric patients (N = 300) to study its efficiency and construct validity and establish cut points and scoring rules designed to increase the tool's practical utility across a wide variety of applied and research settings. It is our hope that the proposed research will help to integrate the numerous dimensional models of personality pathology, yield a comprehensive set and efficient measure of personality disorder dimensions, and contribute to advancements in personality disorder theory, research, diagnosis, and intervention. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Because personality disorders are common in the general population and are associated with a number of adverse outcomes, including suicidality, attenuated treatment response, increased utilization of health care services, and significant functional impairment, the proposed project is relevant to public health. It is crucial that clinicians and researchers have tools available to efficiently assess this key aspect of psychological functioning. The proposed research will help to integrate the numerous models of personality pathology, yield a comprehensive set and efficient measure of personality disorder dimensions, and contribute to advancements in personality disorder theory, research, diagnosis, and intervention. [unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable]
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2020 |
Kotov, Roman I Simms, Leonard Jay |
R56Activity Code Description: To provide limited interim research support based on the merit of a pending R01 application while applicant gathers additional data to revise a new or competing renewal application. This grant will underwrite highly meritorious applications that if given the opportunity to revise their application could meet IC recommended standards and would be missed opportunities if not funded. Interim funded ends when the applicant succeeds in obtaining an R01 or other competing award built on the R56 grant. These awards are not renewable. |
Development of Negative Valence Measures @ State University of New York At Buffalo
PROJECT ABSTRACT Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) is a breakthrough framework for understanding the etiology of mental disorders, but it has no clinical traction at present. Of the RDoC units of analysis, self-report measures can be most feasibly implemented in a clinic, but many self-reports for RDoC?s Negative Valence Systems (NVS) constructs have psychometric shortcomings and lack normative data. We seek to develop psychometrically sound, brief, and validated self-report measures (questionnaires and interviews) of each NVS construct with strong normative data. We will investigate linkages of these self-report measures to other RDoC units of analyses (behavior, task performance, and psychophysiology) to identify self-reports that align with NVS dimensions most strongly and specifically. Also, we will fully characterize clinical manifestations of NVS constructs using a comprehensive dimensional system of symptoms, maladaptive traits, and behaviors (Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology; HiTOP). The direct counterpart of NVS is internalizing psychopathology, which HiTOP describes with high resolution using 36 specific dimensions. Measure development will be carried out in 2 successive phases, each including a sample of (a) 400 outpatients in psychiatric clinics and (b) 600 community-dwellers. Participants will be adults selected to be representative of the US adult population in terms of age, sex, and ethnicity to obtain good normative data. In Phase 3, we will validate self-report measures against physiology, task performance, and behavior markers of NVS aligned with the RDoC matrix in a new sample of 300 community adults and 300 psychiatric outpatients. To facilitate rapid and ethnically diverse data collection, three recruitment sites?Buffalo NY, Stony Brook NY, and Dallas/Denton TX?are proposed. The proposed research will provide a comprehensive catalogue of self-reported characteristics linked to NVS. This will produce stronger measures of NVS constructs and a cross-walk to their clinical manifestations, which will enable clinical translation of NVS. The resulting instruments will be normed, reliable, and highly efficient, and thus scalable to mobile monitoring, screening, and self-administration at population level and clinically. The rigorous and systematic linkage between RDoC NVS constructs and HiTOP internalizing dimensions will be the first step to bringing RDoC and HiTOP together into a unified and evidence- based nosology that integrates etiologic and clinical characterizations of patients.
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