1992 — 1996 |
Kelsoe, John R |
R29Activity Code Description: Undocumented code - click on the grant title for more information. |
Genetic Linkage Studies of Bipolar Affective Disorder @ University of California San Diego
Genetics has been implicated in the etiology of bipolar affective disorder by a variety of epidemiological data, including studies of twins, adoptees and families. Until recently, however, attempts to identify a specific locus or mode of ingeritance have been largely inconclusive or inconsistent. Similarly, attempts to identify responsible genes through an elucidation of pathophysiological mechanisms have been unsuccessful. The recent development of molecular biological methods to detect polymorphic DNA markers has made possible the identification of chromosomal loci linked to genes for illnesses of obscure pathophysiology. Application of these methods to bipolar disorder has led to reports of linkage to two regions: 11p15 and Xq28. Subsequent inability to replicate these findings in other families has been interpreted as evidence that bipolar disorder is genetically heterogeneous. The study proposed here is designed to detect linkage to at least one gene for bipolar disorder in the presence of heterogeneity. Specifically, it will test the hypothesis that bipolar disorder is transmitted through several single major loci, one of which is present in 50% of families. This is a large task which will only be begun through the resources requested in this proposal. The long range goal is to identify 40 families with four or more affected members each and screen the genome with 300-500 markers. Towards this long range goal, resources are requested in this proposal to identify 20 families and map 100 loci. To the families ascertained in San Diego will be added another 20 families meeting criteria for this study which have been already ascertained by Drs. Ronald Remick and Adele Sadovnick at the University of British Columbia (UBC). The 20 families from San Diego will be ascertained through systematic screening of bipolar subjects presenting to UCSD hospitals and clinics. Ascertainment and diagnostic procedures will be carefully coordinated between the two sites. In both sites, spouses and their first degree relatives will be screened for the presence of affective disorder in order to exclude families possibly segregating for two separate affective disorder genes (bilineal families). Family members will be diagnosed by SCID interview and DSM-3- R criteria by personnel trained and reliability tested through the UCSD MHCRC. Lymphoblastoid cell lines will be established on all family members. Informative RFLPs of known map location will be tested for linkage to bipolar disorder by multipoint analysis using a variety of models of inheritance and several different definitions of the affected phenotype. Funding for this proposal will be used only to support the work in San Diego. Further funding will be sought in the future in order to continue the gene mapping portion of the project, and, if necessary, to expand the family collection.
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1995 — 2002 |
Kelsoe, John R |
M01Activity Code Description: An award made to an institution solely for the support of a General Clinical Research Center where scientists conduct studies on a wide range of human diseases using the full spectrum of the biomedical sciences. Costs underwritten by these grants include those for renovation, for operational expenses such as staff salaries, equipment, and supplies, and for hospitalization. A General Clinical Research Center is a discrete unit of research beds separated from the general care wards. |
Genetic Linkage Studies of Affective Disorder @ University of California San Diego
bipolar depression; behavioral genetics; genetic markers; biomarker; disease /disorder proneness /risk; genetic disorder diagnosis; family genetics; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; interview; blood chemistry; human subject;
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1997 — 2001 |
Kelsoe, John R |
P30Activity Code Description: To support shared resources and facilities for categorical research by a number of investigators from different disciplines who provide a multidisciplinary approach to a joint research effort or from the same discipline who focus on a common research problem. The core grant is integrated with the center's component projects or program projects, though funded independently from them. This support, by providing more accessible resources, is expected to assure a greater productivity than from the separate projects and program projects. |
Core--Diagnosis and Rating Facility @ University of California San Diego
mood disorders; mental disorder diagnosis; training; biomedical facility; diagnosis quality /standard; mental health facility; clinical research; psychological tests; interview; human subject;
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1998 — 2007 |
Kelsoe, John R |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Collaborative Genomic Study of Bipolar Disorder @ University of California San Diego
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Since 1988 the NIMH Genetics Initiative has supported a national resource for the study of bipolar disorder (BP). By 1997 153 multiplex families were assessed, providing cell lines, DNA, and anonymized clinical data. This is now a publicly available resource and analytic results have been published. A second effort commenced in 1998 to ascertain 500 new BP sib pairs and this goal has been exceeded with 523 additional BPI sib pairs ascertained, interviewed, and a DNA sample collected. A genome wide scan has been completed at the Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR) on 237 sib pair families and the remaining 309 families will be genotyped by CIDR during 2003. This resource, the largest of its kind, has revealed evidence for areas of linkage on chromosomes 6q and 17q. It has also provided confirmation of a locus on chromosome 22q and support for areas on 1p, 10p, 16p, 13q, and 21q. Accumulating linkage data has implicated other chromosomal regions. We propose an extension of the national genetic resource to include a sample of 5000 unrelated BP probands and 2000 parents for case-control, and family-based association studies. Control samples will be obtained through the NIMH Genetics Initiative national resource. Probands and parents will be ascertained and assessed at eleven sites (the ten sites previously participating plus Howard University, which will provide African-American probands). This sample will be a national resource for fine scale linkage disequilibrium mapping within regions of linkage, as well as candidate gene association studies. Parental DNAs in a subsample will allow control for ethnic stratification. Bioinformatics techniques will be developed and supported for genomic analysis of candidate regions, to assist selection of SNPs and other polymorphic markers (including surrounding and within candidate genes), and primer design. The genotyping will be coordinated across 8 labs with an informed step-wise approach, beginning with standard microsatellite mapping of the current set of 699 pedigrees, followed by contract genotyping of SNPs in an industrial laboratory, and continuing with follow-up genotyping and sequencing of candidate genes and regions in laboratories at the individual sites. SNP typing of the larger case-control sample will occur in the final year of the collaborative study. Analysis of the existing sib pair families plus this large set of cases and controls should permit the confirmation of several vulnerability genes during this grant period.
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2001 — 2003 |
Kelsoe, John R |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Microarray Studies of Amphetamine Models of Psychosis @ University of California San Diego
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Stimulant induced psychosis is one of the major health sequelae of stimulant abuse. It resembles manic psychosis, and likely shares some aspects of a common dopamine pathophysiology with endogenous psychoses. The imminent completion of the project to identify all human and rodent genes provides a powerful tool for the comprehensive study of pathophysiological processes at the genetic level. Microarray technology will soon enable the simultaneous study of expression of all genes. We propose to employ this new technology in order to identify novel candidate genes that play a critical role in the pathophysiology of amphetamine psychosis and endogenous psychoses. We have recently described a rat model of amphetamine psychosis which involves the administration of escalating doses followed by binges in order to mimic patterns of human abuse that result in psychosis. This escalating dose binge (EDB) paradigm results in a distinct behavioral response which we hypothesize is analogous to human psychosis. The challenge with this new technology is the interpretation of the large amounts of data it generates. Genes of interest will be identified by the convergence of several types of criteria: time course, administration paradigm and chromosomal localization. Rats will be administered amphetamine or saline according to the EDB paradigm and sacrificed 24 hours after the last dose. Five brain regions implicated in amphetamine psychosis and one control region will be examined. The RNA levels for 24,000 genes will be determined in individual animals using Affymetrix GeneChip technology. As amphetamine psychosis is a chronic phenomenon, the 24 hour delay will reduce the number of changed genes to those of greater detail using a time course and in situ hybridization. We hypothesize that genes relevant to the mechanism of amphetamine psychosis will show increasing change through the course of the EDB paradigm, and that their map position in the human genome will correspond to known linkage peaks for bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. Our preliminary studies already suggest the power of this convergent approach. In animals treated with a single dose of amphetamine the gene with highest level of expression in prefrontal cortex was identical to a positional candidate on 22q identified in human linkage studies of bipolar disorder.
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2001 |
Kelsoe, John R |
P30Activity Code Description: To support shared resources and facilities for categorical research by a number of investigators from different disciplines who provide a multidisciplinary approach to a joint research effort or from the same discipline who focus on a common research problem. The core grant is integrated with the center's component projects or program projects, though funded independently from them. This support, by providing more accessible resources, is expected to assure a greater productivity than from the separate projects and program projects. |
Psychobiological Study of Psychiatric Disorders @ University of California San Diego
The primary goals of the UCSD MHCRC are (A) to generate and test hypotheses related to the neurobiology of affective disorders, (b) to train young clinical investigators in psychiatric research, and (c) to facilitate the professional development of faculty. The MHCRC accomplishes these goals by providing an enabling infrastructure which is efficient, cost effective, and state of the art: (a) a Recruitment Core to coordinate finding and screening patients and normal control, (b) a Diagnostic and Rating Core to train and oversees staff who determine diagnosis and make rating, (c) a Clinical Support Core who help screen potential subjects, diagnose and rate subjects, verify subject eligibility for specific protocols and clinical and clinical management of patients, and enter clinical data into the MHCRC Data Base, (d) a Data Management and Statistical Core which consults with experimental design and statistical analysis, manages data in an efficient and cost-effective manner, and (e) a Neuroendocrine Core which provides consultation and sate of art neuroendocrine assays. The MHCRC facilitates investigators and trainees in their research in six major themes (Sleep & Chronobiology, Neuropsychopharmacology, Neuroimmunology, Brain Imaging, Molecular Genetics, and Women's Psychiatric Disorders), several Collaborative Studies (Co-morbidity and Outcome, Life Events and Psychosocial Factors, Clinical Psychopharmacology Trials, Subsyndromal Depression), and several Pilot and Trainee studies (Functional Brain Imaging and Partial Sleep Deprivation in Depression, Microdialysis of Serotonin in Monkey, Temperament and Bipolar Disorder). High quality is maintained by outstanding investigators and staff, excellent research trainees, continuous training, regular meeting of all staff and investigators, and three review committees.
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2004 — 2008 |
Kelsoe, John R |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Genomic Studies of Bipolar Disorder and Chromosome 22 @ University of California San Diego
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Bipolar disorder is a major psychiatric disorder affecting approximately 1-2% of the population. Numerous family studies and twin studies support a substantial genetic component. We have conducted a genome scan that indicated the presence of a susceptibility locus on 22q with a maximum tod score of 3.8 at the marker D22S278. The evidence for linkage on the chromosome extended over nearly 15 Mb and suggested a possible second peak 10 Mb telomeric at the gene for G protein receptor kinase 3 (GRK3). Both of these two regions on 22q have also been reported to be linked or associated to both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. This suggests that one or more genes may exist on this chromosome that predisposes to both disorders. Our results are consistent with recent meta-analyses of genome scans of bipolar disorder which found 22q to be one of the most robust linkage findings in the genome. Though the strongest Iod score results in our study initially were to the D22S278 locus, another linkage study in a second sample, as well as, animal microarray studies have supported the role of the GRK3 locus. We have also identified several possible functional SNPs in the promoter of this gene and shown them to be associated to bipolar disorder in two independent samples. It is our hypothesis, that there are two distinct loci for bipolar disorder on this chromosome. We propose to 1) confirm the role of GRK3 as a susceptibility gene by additional association studies and functional studies of gene expression; and 2) identify the susceptibility locus near D22S278. 250 kb surrounding the GRK3 gene will be sequenced in bipolar subjects from families linked to the GRK3 locus. 200 SNPs will be genotyped across a 1 Mb interval including the GRK3 locus in a sample of 800 Caucasian bipolars and 800 Caucasian controls. We hypothesize a defect in transcriptional regulation of the GRK3 gene that results in a failure of receptor desensitization. The regulation of gene expression of GRK3 will be tested in lymphoblastoid cell lines from bipolar patients and in a transfection reporter promoter assay in a neuroblastoma cell line. In order to identify candidate genes near D22S278, 500 SNPs will be genotyped at a 10 kb density across 5 Mb in this region. Positional candidate genes will then be sequenced and genotyped at higher density in order to identify those associated with illness.
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2005 — 2008 |
Kelsoe, John R |
M01Activity Code Description: An award made to an institution solely for the support of a General Clinical Research Center where scientists conduct studies on a wide range of human diseases using the full spectrum of the biomedical sciences. Costs underwritten by these grants include those for renovation, for operational expenses such as staff salaries, equipment, and supplies, and for hospitalization. A General Clinical Research Center is a discrete unit of research beds separated from the general care wards. |
Role of Dopamine Metabolism in Antidepressant Effect of Sleep Deprivation @ University of California San Diego
1-Naphthalenamine,1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-methyl-, (1S-cis)-; 3,4-Dihydroxyphenethylamine; 4-(2-Aminoethyl)-1,2-benzenediol; Antidepressant Agent; Antidepressant Drugs; Antidepressants; Antidepressive Agents; Brain; CRISP; Chemicals; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Depressed mood; Depression; Dopamine; Drugs; Early treatment; Encephalon; Encephalons; Exposure to; Funding; Grant; Hydroxytyramine; Institution; Intermediary Metabolism; Investigators; Li+ element; Light; Lithium; METBL; Medical Imaging, Positron Emission Tomography; Medication; Mental Depression; Metabolic Processes; Metabolism; Moods; NIH; National Institutes of Health; National Institutes of Health (U.S.); Nerve Transmitter Substances; Nervous System, Brain; Neurotransmitters; PET; PET Scan; PET imaging; PETSCAN; PETT; Patients; Persons; Pharmaceutic Preparations; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Photoradiation; Positron Emission Tomography Scan; Positron-Emission Tomography; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging; Rad.-PET; Research; Research Personnel; Research Resources; Researchers; Resources; Role; Sertraline; Sleep; Sleep Deprivation; Source; Testing; United States National Institutes of Health; day; depressed; drug/agent; improved; sadness; social role
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2007 |
Kelsoe, John R |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Analysis of Whole Genome Association Data For Bipolar Disorder @ University of California San Diego
[unreadable] DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Bipolar disorder or manic-depressive illness is a major psychiatric illness that affects 1% of the world's population. It is characterized by alternation between the two extreme mood states of mania and depression. Psychosis can occur in either state and the lifetime suicide rate is 17%. Our 11 site consortium has been funded for over 15 years to collect DMA samples from patients with bipolar disorder and their families for genetic studies. We were recently selected by GAIN to be one of six diseases to be genotyped for whole genome association studies. GAIN will sponsor genotyping of 1158 Caucasian and 400 African American bipolar I cases. Controls will be shared with a corresponding project on schizophrenia (principal investigator: P. Gejman). These samples will be genotyped by the Broad Institute under contract from GAIN using the Affymetrix 500Kb chip. This will provide genotypes on approximately 500,000 SNPs and data on copy number variation genome-wide. The analyses will be conducted on a collaborative basis by 6 collaborating sites each of whom participated in the sample collection. UCSD will serve as the lead site and will be responsible for coordinating the analytic work between the participating sites. The case-control samples will be examined for population substructure and this information will be used as a covariate in the association analysis. Both single SNP and haplotype based methods will be employed for analysis of association. Gene-gene interactions will also be examined. Several possible genetically distinct subforms of illness will also be examined separately. Relevant genes and regions from the genome-wide association will be selected for replication in a second independent sample of 1,000 Caucasian cases and 1,000 controls, and 200 African-American cases and 200 controls. Replicated genes will be subjected to pathway analysis in an attempt to identify pathways involved in mechanisms of disease. Support is requested for the UCSD site in order to coordinate analytic effort between the sites, provide database, bioinformatic and statistical support for all the sites and to conduct the primary analysis of the data. [unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable]
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2007 — 2009 |
Kelsoe, John R |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Genomic Association Study of Bipolar Disorder @ University of California San Diego
[unreadable] DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Bipolar disorder is a major psychiatric disorder that affects 1-2 percent of the world's population and consumes a substantial portion of mental healthcare dollars. Numerous twin and family studies have demonstrated a substantial heritable component, and family-based linkage studies have identified several susceptibility loci. Recently, the identification of large numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genome as part of the HapMap project and advances in high throughput array-based genotyping have made possible whole genome high density association analyses. Such an approach has the advantages of much greater power to detect genes of smaller effect, and gene-level resolution. Our consortium has been funded by NIMH for genetic studies of bipolar disorder since 1989. Together we have collected over 600 families with bipolar disorder and conducted one of the largest linkage studies to date that identified several possible susceptibility loci. We are presently funded by NIMH to collect a sample of 5,500 bipolar I subjects for large case-control studies. We also have access to a sample of 4,000 systematically ascertained control subjects collected as part of a separate study of schizophrenia. We propose to examine 500,000 SNP markers distributed at an average 6 kb density across the genome using an oligonucleotide microarray-based method, the Affymetrix 500K chip. Familial, early onset bipolar I cases will be selected for all phases of the study in order to maximize the genetic loading. In the first phase, 1,000 bipolar I Caucasian cases and 1,000 ethnically matched controls will be genotyped. These data will be analyzed using a variety of haplotype- based methods and employing several alternative clinically defined subphenotypes. Positive genes and regions will be selected based on statistical significance and clustering of associated SNPs, and genotyped in a phase 2 replication sample. This phase 2 sample will include a separate matched set of 2,000 Caucasian familial, early onset, bipolar I subjects and 1,000 Caucasian ethnically matched controls; a set of 400 Caucasian parents of a subset of the cases for TDT analysis; and an African-American sample of 400 bipolar I cases and 400 controls. Positive regions will be genotyped at high density using 10,000 SNPs using Affymetrix Molecular Inversion Probe technology and supplemented by three additional genotyping methods. This second phase of genotyping in an independent large sample will provide critical replication and the opportunity to examine gene-gene interactions and association in clinical subphenotypes. Identified genes will be examined using novel bioinformatics methods to identify possible disease pathways. [unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable]
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2010 — 2014 |
Kelsoe, John R. |
U01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Pharmacogenomics of Mood Stabilizer Response in Bipolar Disorder @ University of California San Diego
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Mood stabilizer treatment is central to the pharmacological management of patients with bipolar disorder. However, response to such agents is highly variable between individuals often resulting in a lengthy trial and error process of medication optimization that can last years. There is a great need for a better predictor of response which would guide physicians to the optimum medication in a more efficient fashion. Genetic differences likely explain a substantial portion of this variability. The goal of this project is to identify genetic variants that are associated with response to mood stabilizer medications that might ultimately be useful as a predictive test. Studies to date by our group have implicated two genes, NTRK2 and PDE11A as predicting response to lithium. In this project, we propose a two pronged approach: genes will first be sought in an exploratory fashion in a larger retrospective sample and then tested for replication in a smaller prospective sample. Larger samples are more easily obtainable in a retrospective study, however, prospective designs though more difficult, provide better and more quantitative data. Our 11 site consortium has recently completed collection of over 4,500 bipolar subjects for a large genetic study. 2,000 retrospective subjects will be collected from both recontact of these previous cases and recruitment of new retrospective cases. The prospective sample of 960 subjects will be collected through an eight site multicenter trial. Patients will be recruited, screened and stabilized first on lithium monotherapy over a 3 month period. After one month observation, they will enter the maintenance phase and followed for 2 years. The primary outcome measure will be time to relapse. Patients who fail lithium will be crossed over to valproic acid, those failing both drugs will enter the treatment as usual arm. Genomewide association will be performed on the retrospective sample and positive SNPs replicated in the prospective sample. Secondary analyses will include genomewide association ofthe prospective sample alone and in meta-analysis with the retrospective sample. These analyses will be guided in part by studies of lithium's mechanism of action in neuronal cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells in turn derived from skin fibroblasts from lithium responders and non-responders. RELEVANCE (See instructions): This multi-site collaborative project aims to identify genetic variants in individuals with bipolar disorder that predict response to lithium. We will do this with a combination of retrospective assessment of lithium response in 1600 individuals with BP disorder and analysis of genotype data, as well as a prospective study of 1000 BP individuals who begin an open trial with lithium. Our hypothesis is that genetic variants at several loci predict treatment outcomes with lithium.
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2012 — 2014 |
Craig, David W Edenberg, Howard J (co-PI) [⬀] Gershon, Elliot S Kelsoe, John R. Nurnberger, John I Schork, Nicholas Joseph |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
The Bipolar Genome Study @ University of California San Diego
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Bipolar disorder (BD) is a serious psychiatric disorder affecting 1-3% of the population. Though family and twin studies support strong heritability, progress towards identifying specific genes has been slow. Our consortium has studied the genetics of bipolar disorder for over 20 years, and collected one of the largest samples of bipolar families and cases in the world. Though genomewide association studies (GWAS) have identified some genes and a significant polygenic component, these mapping approaches have had only limited success. It has been proposed that this missing heritability is transmitted in part through a large number of rare variants of strong genetic effect. Such rare variants might range in frequency from uncommon (<1%) to extremely rare (private mutations), and may include a variety of types including SNPs, indels and CNVs. GWAS, even with next-generation chips, would have limited power to detect such rare variation, and exome sequencing misses many structural variants. Fortunately, next generation sequencing technology has advanced at a staggering pace in the last few years, making whole genome sequencing a practical and affordable tool. We propose to make use of our large collection of families with bipolar disorder and a recent large linkage study conducted by our consortium, in combination with whole genome sequencing and targeted sequencing, to identify rare variants of strong effect that play a causative role in BD. Using our recent linkage study, we have identified 52 families with strong evidence for linkage and selected one member from each family most likely to harbor causative variants. In Aim 1, we will sequence the entire genome of these 52 subjects in order to identify rare variants of strong effect in the genomic regions in each case for which there is evidence of linkage; 12 regions in all. Variants of predicted strong functional effect will be sought in the bet linkage region for each family. In Aim 2, these candidate functional rare variants will be validated by Sanger sequencing and examined for cosegregation with disease in their family. In Aim 3, these variants will be used to select a prioritized list of candidate genes that will then undergo targeted sequencing in a sample of 1,500 BD cases and 1,500 controls. We hypothesize that additional rare variants of strong functional effect will be identified in those genes that convey genetic vulnerability to BD. We will use a sophisticated collapsed variant set analysis approach to test the hypothesis that these genes carry a greater mutational burden in the BD cases as compared to controls. All sequencing data will be made available to the scientific community and will provide an invaluable resource for future studies. The identification of vulnerability genes and mutations in BD will contribute to our understanding of its biological mechanism and facilitate the development of new treatments.
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2014 — 2021 |
Kelsoe, John R. |
T32Activity Code Description: To enable institutions to make National Research Service Awards to individuals selected by them for predoctoral and postdoctoral research training in specified shortage areas. |
Fellowship On Biological Psychiatry and Neuroscience @ University of California, San Diego
PROJECT SUMMARY Neuroscience is among the fastest growing area of science and has produced remarkable developments that will have profound implications for the understanding and treatment of mental disorders. Innovations and advancements in molecular genetics, brain imaging methods, molecular biology and have resulted in unprecedented advances that have extended visions of understanding and treating psychiatric disorders to the hope of preventing and even curing them. However, there is still a gap in applying knowledge and tools to psychiatric disorders that is due, in part, to a shortage of clinical and translational-science researchers. Consequently, it is imperative train researchers to translate important basic science findings into clinically relevant treatments. This competitive renewal application requests continued NIMH funding for the long-standing, successful University of California, San Diego (UCSD) Fellowship in Biological Psychiatry and Neuroscience. The Fellowship is designed for provide education, research training, and career opportunities for 5 post-doctoral fellows with a particular emphasis on candidates that are focused on using biological tools to understand pathophysiology and brain processes of psychiatric illness and develop potential treatments for these disorders. The overall goal is to train Fellows from diverse backgrounds to acquire the skills necessary for the conceptualization, planning, conduct and publication of research in biological psychiatry and neuroscience with the ultimate goal to become independent and funded researchers. Specific goals of the Fellowship are: (1) To provide a high level of training necessary for successful transition into an independent research career, which is focused on: a) Ethical conduct of research and research ethics; b) General methodologies applicable to research in biological psychiatry and neuroscience; c) Specific approaches relevant for the fellow?s individual research project, and d) Training in scientific writing directed at production of scientific papers and grant applications. (2) To enable the Fellow to conduct and complete a specific research project that can be viewed as a seed for an independent research career trajectory and includes: a) Proposal of a research project based on NIH forms and guidelines; b) Implementation of this project with a UCSD-affiliated mentor, and c) Regular monitoring and evaluation. (3) To provide practical advice and support for career development, which includes: a) Opportunities for fellows to present their projects and peer-review grant applications; b) Explicate milestones and career guidelines; c) Network with senior researchers within UCSD and other organizations, and via online resources.
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