2011 — 2015 |
Berg, Cynthia A Wiebe, Deborah J (co-PI) [⬀] |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
A Self-Regulation Approach to Diabetes Adherence Into Emerging Adulthood
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Late adolescence and emerging adulthood (ages 18+) pose formidable challenges for adherence to the diabetes regimen, which contribute to poor metabolic control and increased risk for serious long-term health complications (e.g., hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis, microvascular disease, and premature mortality). Emerging adults experience new challenges as they move out of the home and the pediatric health care system. These challenges require daily regulation over one's emotion, cognition, and behavior in a way that is more independent from parents. Further, advances in developmental neuroscience reveal late adolescents are not yet able to integrate their thinking with the social and emotional demands of daily life, suggesting that these challenges occur at a time when the neurocognitive abilities needed to regulate emotion, cognition and behavior are not fully developed. There is increasing evidence that emerging adulthood is a time of high risk, but there is little research to inform how emerging adults with diabetes (or any chronic illness) make this transition successfully. The proposed research builds on our prior work that parental monitoring is beneficial for maintaining adherence across adolescence by bolstering adolescent's own self-regulatory skills (e.g., maintaining diabetes goals, preventing problems from occurring, and adjusting to problems when they do occur) and compensating for such skills when they are not yet developed. We will examine whether still developing neurocognitive abilities limit late adolescents'ability to regulate diabetes problems and adhere to the regimen, and will determine whether parental monitoring may continue to compensate for low neurocognitive abilities. In a longitudinal observational design at two sites (Utah and Texas), 250 adolescents with type 1 diabetes will be recruited in the Fall of their senior year of high school, and assessed annually for three years. In Aim 1, we identify which neurocognitive abilities (e.g., executive function, impulse control, attentional control) are needed to maintain adherence across the transition to emerging adulthood through behavioral tests and corresponding self- and parent-reports. In Aim 2, we determine how these neurocognitive abilities relate to the daily self regulation needed for optimal adherence across the transition, using two 14-day diaries conducted in the senior and post senior high year. In Aim 3, we examine whether parental monitoring across the transition to emerging adulthood benefits those with low neurocognitive abilities, and explore the ways in which parents remain able to monitor daily emerging adults'behavior (e.g., text, phone, in person). The findings will have important clinical applications for the use of family interventions tailored to the self-regulatory skills of late adolescents. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The developmental period of late adolescence and early adulthood is a time of high risk for youth with type 1 diabetes (e.g., poor adherence and metabolic control, loss to medical follow-up, development of complications), due to the changes that occur as youth transition from the family home and pediatric care. The proposed research identifies the neurocognitive and daily self-regulation skills that are needed to maintain adherence across this transition, and explores whether and how parents may continue to facilitate adherence when adolescents are no longer living at home. The findings will provide information that can inform novel interventions to promote better adherence and diabetes management as youth transition to adulthood.
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2014 |
Berg, Cynthia A Helgeson, Vicki S |
DP3Activity Code Description: To support research tackling major challenges in type 1 diabetes and promoting new approaches to these challenges by scientific teams. |
Self-Regulation and Collaborative Coping With Type 1 Diabetes Over the Life Span
? DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In 2013, nearly three million Americans were living with type 1 diabetes, with 85% of these individuals being adults. As coping with diabetes occurs in a social context, romantic partners likely play an important role in diabetes management. However, little is known about how adults cope with type 1 diabetes management throughout adulthood and the role of romantic partners. Collaborative involvement by romantic partners (jointly coping with challenges of diabetes) may facilitate daily diabetes management in the face of competing work and family pressures among young and middle-aged adults and may be especially important for older adults who may be adept at collaboration but experiencing reduced cognitive and physical reserves. The proposed study applies an adult life-span perspective to examine the stressors that are linked to diabetes management during young, middle-aged, and older adulthood and the ways that romantic partners may facilitate diabetes management across time through collaborative coping processes. The study employs a multi-method, multisite, 6-month longitudinal design that will examine collaborative processes, stress, diabetes management, and distress. Two-hundred and fifty couples across the life span where one person has type 1 diabetes will complete a baseline interview, a 14-day daily diary, and a 6-month follow-up assessment. In Aim 1 we will identify the daily stressors experienced by individuals across the life span with type 1 diabetes that are linked to poorer diabetes management and distress. Couples will complete a web-based 14-day daily diary to assess daily stressors, diabetes adherence, mood, and blood glucose. Qualitative analysis of stressor content will reveal the general and diabetes stressors that interfere with daily diabetes management at different ages. In Aim 2 we examine the collaborative processes associated with better diabetes management and lower distress both daily and across six months and whether these processes are differentially important across the life span. Multiple collaborative processes are examined: appraisals that the illness is shared, collaborative coping when stressors arise, and video-recorded behavioral interactions when discussing a current diabetes problem. In Aim 3 we examine whether collaborative processes are especially beneficial for individuals with low executive function, using behavioral and self-report assessments of executive functioning. The proposed study takes an innovative multi-method approach to the social context of type 1 diabetes management over the life span, which has great potential for informing developmentally appropriate tailored interventions for adults with type 1 diabetes and their partners.
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