2007 — 2008 |
Corbin, William R |
R21Activity Code Description: To encourage the development of new research activities in categorical program areas. (Support generally is restricted in level of support and in time.) |
Effects of Alcohol and Prior Gambling Outcomes On Gambling Behavior
[unreadable] DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The broad, long-term objective of this program of research is to reduce the prevalence of, and minimize the negative consequences associated with, co-occurring alcohol use and disordered gambling behavior by improving our understanding of the relation between alcohol use and within-session gambling behavior. Despite the common co-occurrence of these behaviors, the extant empirical evidence documenting alcohol's influence on within-session gambling behavior is limited. Persistence and related betting behaviors can contribute to mounting financial losses which, in turn, can lead to initiation of future gambling sessions and greater harm to the individual. Thus, the primary aim of the proposed study is to elucidate the effects of alcohol on gambling persistence and betting behavior. This aim will be met through the evaluation of alcohol main effects as well as potential moderators and mediators of alcohol effects. Prior to addressing the primary aim of the study, it is necessary to develop an externally valid video poker software program to serve as the criterion task. The program will be administered via tablet PCs with touch screen technology in a simulated bar lab. To accomplish the primary study aims two-hundred adults (100 men and 100 women) between the ages of 21-30 will be recruited for a 2-session placebo-controlled alcohol administration study targeting a breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) of 0.08 g% in the alcohol condition and 0.01 g% in the active placebo condition. During the first session, participants will complete a behavioral measure of impulsivity and beverage administration, and will have the opportunity to gamble on the video poker task. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three initial gambling outcome manipulations (i.e., win, breakeven, or lose) which will comprise the first 5 trials of the gambling task. Following the manipulation all participants will begin a progressive loss schedule. Measures of drinking and gambling history, behavioral inhibition/impulsivity, and gambling related cognitions will be administered via self-report and interview during the second session. Beverage condition, initial gambling outcomes, impulsivity, and gambling related cognitions will each serve as predictors of gambling persistence and betting behavior. Further, initial gambling outcomes, impulsivity, and gambling related cognitions will serve as potential moderators and/or mediators of alcohol effects on gambling behavior. [unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable]
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1 |
2013 — 2017 |
Corbin, William R |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Contextual Influences On Alcohol Response and Its Relation to Drinking Outcomes @ Arizona State University-Tempe Campus
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Individual differences in alcohol response (AR) are robust predictors of later alcohol-related problems over periods as long as 25 years. [Yet, there has been little effort to apply this knowledge about high risk patterns of AR to prevention/intervention programs. This is in direct contrast to concerted efforts to target other well- known markers of risk (e.g. family history of alcoholism). In order to move toward the application of high-risk patterns of AR to empirically supported interventions, we must address important gaps in the literature.] First, the specific pattern of AR that confers greatest risk is till not well understood. Although there is clear evidence that a low level of response to negative alcohol effects (e.g. drowsy, dizzy) is associated with increased risk for later problems, much less is known about other aspects of AR. To date, only one study has examined the relation between high arousal positive effects (e.g. excited, talkative) and later drinking outcomes, and there are no studies on the effects of low arousal positive effects (e.g. relaxed, calm) on risk fo later problems. This is a critical issue as stronger negative reinforcement motives for drinking are robust predictors of drinking problems. Second, prior longitudinal studies have evaluated AR in settings that are not representative of typical drinking contexts (e.g. solitary drinking in a laboratory). Thus, we know little about relations between AR in more real world drinking contexts and later risk for negative outcomes. [This information is vital as high risk patterns of AR that do not generalize to more real-world settings may have limited practical utility. The proposed study will characterize specific patterns of AR that predict subsequent alcohol-related problems, thereby allowing the direct application of information about AR-related risks to prevention and intervention efforts. Participants (n = 360; 50% female) will be randomly assigned to one of three drinking contexts (solitary lab, group lab, or group simulated bar) with beverage condition nested within each context (n = 70 alcohol; n = 50 placebo). This three group design will allow us to examine the impact of both social (solitary vs. group) and physical (lab vs. simulated bar) context on AR.] We will use a multi-method approach (explicit, implicit, behavioral, and biological measures) to assess the full range of AR, including effects that have not been examined in prior longitudinal studies (e.g. low arousal positive and high arousal negative effects). Following the placebo controlled alcohol challenge; we will track subsequent drinking behavior and alcohol-related problems using bi-annual surveys over a two year period (4 total assessments). [This study design will allow us to examine the full range of alcohol effects as predictors of future drinking and problems, and determine if relations between AR and later drinking outcomes are dependent on context.] Findings of the proposed study will provide the basis for disseminating more detailed information about specific high-risk patterns of AR, particularly patterns of AR that individuals are readily able to discern in typical drinking contexs (e.g. group drinking or drinking in a bar setting).]
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0.97 |
2013 — 2014 |
Corbin, William R |
R21Activity Code Description: To encourage the development of new research activities in categorical program areas. (Support generally is restricted in level of support and in time.) |
Promotive and Protective Factors For Alcohol Use and Problems in Emerging Adults @ Arizona State University-Tempe Campus
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Heavy drinking among emerging adults (18-25 years) is a major public health issue that has garnered substantial attention in recent years, contributing to increased efforts to develop effective prevention programs (NIAAA, 2002). Although several prevention approaches have demonstrated positive effects, the magnitude of these effects is typically quite small, suggesting that alternative or complementary approaches are needed. Most prevention programs for emerging adults seek to reduce known risk factors for heavy drinking, with relatively little attention devoted to the identification of factors that promote responsible drinking, or that protect against established risk factors like peer influence. Examples of potential promotive/protective factors include self-regulation skills, religiosity, parental influence, personal values, and engagement in school and the community. Although there is limited research on promotive/protective factors in emerging adults, there is a substantial literature on these influences in adolescents, and this knowledge base has been effectively applied to the development of novel prevention approaches. Programs that bolster promotive and protective factors might have similar utility among emerging adults, but a comprehensive understanding of these influences in emerging adults is needed to inform the development of such programs. The proposed study seeks to develop this knowledge base through secondary analysis of six years of prospective data from a sample of college students and a cross-sectional sample of non-college peers. The proposed project will address the following major research aims: (1) identify major classes of promotive/protective factors against heavy drinking and related problems in emerging adults; (2) identify main effects of promotive factors and moderation of risk factors (e.g. protective factors) in the prediction of alcohol use and problems; (3) identify main effects of promotive factors and moderation of risk factors in the prediction of changes in drinking behavior and problems (trajectories) from late adolescence through emerging adulthood; and (4) develop a novel prevention program for incoming college freshmen that seeks to bolster promotive/protective influences. The proposed study will advance the field in several important ways. First, this study will be among the first to simultaneously examine well established risk factors and a wide range of promotive/protective influences during this critical developmental period. In addition, this will be the first such stud to utilize longitudinal data that spans multiple years (six years) from late adolescence into emerging adulthood using state of the art statistical approaches (latent-growth curve modeling). Further, the large and diverse sample of both college and non-college emerging adults will allow us to examine the generalizability of the findings to emerging adults who differ with respect to gender, race/ethnicity, and student status. Finally, the knowledge gained through this study will be directly applied to the development of a novel prevention program for first year college students. This program will be designed to strengthen identified promotive/protective factors in this high-risk population.
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0.97 |
2020 — 2021 |
Corbin, William R Treat, Teresa A (co-PI) [⬀] |
R34Activity Code Description: To provide support for the initial development of a clinical trial or research project, including the establishment of the research team; the development of tools for data management and oversight of the research; the development of a trial design or experimental research designs and other essential elements of the study or project, such as the protocol, recruitment strategies, procedure manuals and collection of feasibility data. |
Reducing Alcohol-Related Sexual Risk Behavior @ Arizona State University-Tempe Campus
Abstract Despite increased attention to heavy episodic drinking (HED) and sexually aggressive behavior (SAB), high rates persist, and existing prevention programs are minimally effective. Programs that simultaneously target HED and SAB may be more effective as most sexual assaults occur when the perpetrator, victim, or both have been drinking. Such programs have shown some promise in college women but only one small open trial (n = 20) has been conducted with college men. Risky sexual behaviors (RSB) are also highly comorbid with HED and SAB. Although prevention programs targeting HED and RSB have demonstrated reductions in both behaviors, the proposed study will be the first to test the efficacy of an integrative prevention program that simultaneously targets SAB, HED, and RSB. The proposed study also breaks new ground by incorporating skills training derived from cutting-edge cognitive science methods. Our prior research shows that men at higher risk for SAB demonstrate performance-based deficits in perceptions of women?s sexual interest, and our preliminary data provide evidence for the efficacy of cognitive training, in which men receive trial-by-trial and block-by-block feedback on their ability to process cues relevant to women?s sexual interest. Incorporation of a cognitive training component may increase the efficacy of prevention approaches for SAB, which have typically focused on awareness or education rather than skill development. Personalized feedback approaches represent one of the most effective prevention approaches for HED and similar approaches have shown promise in addressing risk for SAB. By combining personalized feedback and cognitive skills training approaches, it is possible to target the key modifiable risk factors for SAB, including misperceptions of sexual interest, rape supportive attitudes, peer influence, HED, and RSB. To our knowledge, the proposed study will be the first to integrate personalized feedback and cognitive skills-training approaches to reduce men?s risk of perpetrating SAB. The proposed study will include three phases and involve a total of 190 sexually active and heavy drinking college men. Phase I will examine feasibility (n = 10), and Phase II will be an open trial (n = 40) examining the acceptability and efficacy of intervention components. Outcome and qualitative data from interviews in Phase II will be used to refine and streamline the intervention. Phase III will be a small (n = 140) randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing this novel computer-administered program to services as usual (SAU). The prevention program will include two computer-administered sessions (60-90 minutes each) integrating personalized feedback and cognitive-training approaches. We hypothesize that, relative to SAU, the prevention program will lead to changes in personalized feedback and cognitive training targets (e.g., readiness to change and cognitive skills) and less engagement in and attitudes supportive of HED, SAB, and RSB. Findings of this preliminary study will support a larger clinical trial of a fully web-based program, an approach that could easily be implemented on a broad scale and is likely to be well received by young adults.
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0.97 |