1985 — 1986 |
Watson, Philip D |
S07Activity Code Description: To strengthen, balance, and stabilize Public Health Service supported biomedical and behavioral research programs at qualifying institutions through flexible funds, awarded on a formula basis, that permit grantee institutions to respond quickly and effectively to emerging needs and opportunities, to enhance creativity and innovation, to support pilot studies, and to improve research resources, both physical and human. |
Biomedical Research Support @ University of South Carolina At Columbia
health science research support; university;
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0.905 |
1985 — 1987 |
Watson, Philip D |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Transcapillary Water Movement in Skeletal Muscle @ University of South Carolina At Columbia
Capillary filtration coeficient, CFC, measures the filtration ability of a whole organ capillary bed. The accepted view for skeletal muscle is that CFC is controlled mainly by changes in the tone of precapilary smooth muscle, which is regulated in turn by the local metabolic environment. However, many investigators, including ourselves, cannot reproduce some or all of the findings which led to the metabolic control hypothesis. It is proposed to investigate the causes of the divergence in results and/or interpretation using the isolated perfused cat hindlimb. The principal experimental differences are 1) whole blood vs. low hematocrit perfusates, 2) the presence or absence of the animal in the perfusion circuit, 3) constant pressure vs. constant flow perfusion, and, perhaps the most important, 4) the method of determining CFC. CFC is determined by calculating a rate of weight increase at some variable, and frequently undefined, time following a step increase in venous pressure. But, as the rate of weight increase falls with time (for reasons which are mainly unknown in well-hydrated, maximally-vasodilated skeletal muscle), the period chosen in which to measure the rate of weight increase is critical. In addition to studying the factors listed above, it is proposed to investigate why the rate of weight increase varies with time using the same preparation. By the use of perfusates with differing protein concentrations and other factors, the possible role of protein in the fall of the rate of weight increase will be studied. In addition, as one group has proposed that the decreasing rate is caused by a low compliance tissue compartment, this hypothesis will be tested by using different rates of filtration and different hydration states with low protein perfusates and stop-flow techniques. These proposed experiments will resolve many of the differences described above, and will significantly improve our understanding of the nature of filtration at the capillary wall, a very basic and illunderstood process in microcirculatory physiology. Such knowledge will aid the treatment of such disorders as edema and circulatory shock.
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0.905 |
1986 |
Watson, Philip D |
S03Activity Code Description: Undocumented code - click on the grant title for more information. |
Minority High School Student Research Apprentice Program @ University of South Carolina At Columbia |
0.905 |
1988 — 1990 |
Arthur, John [⬀] Watson, Philip |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
In Situ Direct Patterning of Mbe Films Using Ion Assisted Etching @ Oregon State University
Considerable effort is being made to grow controlled thin layers of a variety of semiconductors and other type of materials. These have been of increasing importance in the fabrication of both electronic devices and optoelectronic devices and will see increasing importance in the future. Along with the ability to fabricate the layers it would be advantageous to be able to write patterns in situ, that is while the layers are being grown. This proposal addresses problems associated with such patterning.
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0.942 |
1989 — 1991 |
Watson, Philip D |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Transcapillary Movement in Skeletal Muscle @ University of South Carolina At Columbia
The long-term goal of the research is to understand the movement of water and solute across the capillary wall in resting and exercising skeletal muscle. The approach is to measure fundamental transport parameters in isolated whole organ muscle preparations perused under controlled cardiovascular conditions with solutions of set composition. The primary purpose of the proposed studies is to test the hypothesis that water crosses the capillary wall of resting muscle mainly through pathways which largely exclude small molecules the size of sucrose and sodium chloride. This hypothesis is a major change from the conventional view that most water flow occurs through pathways large compared to these solutes. The hypothesis is based on recently published values of the osmotic reflection coefficient, sigma d, for sodium chloride and other small solutes. Measured in osmotic transient experiments, the values were dependent on the perfusate flow rate through the muscles. The specific hypothesis being tested is that the flow dependence is caused by 1) a modest increase (less than or equal to 50%) in the total hydraulic conductivity, THC, with flow, and 2) a large increase in the average capillary concentration with flow, as predicted by theory. THC will be determined by measuring the weight changes in a muscle preparation following step in colloid osmotic pressure, an existing method with advantages in this application. The average capillary concentration will be determined by arterial and venous concentrations and assuming an exponential profile, an assumption well supported by theory. The preparation used to date has been the hindlimb. The isolation procedure causes significant trauma to the perfused muscles. To assess the importance of this, studies will be mainly performed in a calf preparation in which the muscles are undamaged. These basic studies will deepen our understanding of important physiological processes which have applications in disorders involving water and solute distribution such shock, inflammation, and edema.
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0.905 |
1995 — 1997 |
Watson, Philip |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
A New Method to Study the Surfaces of Liquids @ Oregon State University
9502808 Watson Oregon State University In this project in the Physical Chemistry program of the Chemistry Division, Prof. Philip Watson of the Chemistry Department of Oregon State University will investigate the properties of the gas-liquid interface at the molecular level. The compositional profile and the orientation of molecules in the surface will be investigated using the method of time-of-flight ion scattering and recoil spectrometry (TOF-SARS). The immediate goals of this project are 1) the construction and calibration of a liquid surface TOF-SARS system capable of generating uncontaminated and representative surfaces for low vapor pressure liquids and providing quantitative surface composition data and, 2) to establish the capabilities of the method to describe surface compositions and molecular orientations for a range of organic liquids and solutions. The properties of the liquid-surface interface pose one of the vexing problems in contemporary physical chemistry. The results of this research would contribute answers to questions such as: 1) what are the structure-property relationships that operate at the liquid-vapor interface?, 2) is it possible to formulate predictive rules that will link the segregation and orientation of molecules at the liquid surface with their structure, the presence of particular functionalities, and the presence of hydrogen-bonding?, 3) what is the surface concentration of solutions? how do experimental results compare with the predictions of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics?, 4) how do polymers fold at solution interfaces? Answers to these and other questions promise to be of significance in a number of important applied areas, such as the utilization of surface segregation in the mass transfer of pollutants.
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0.942 |