1985 — 1993 |
Rubin, Philip |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Pulmonary Surfactant System and Radiation Pneumonitis @ University of Rochester
Pulmonary fibrosis and pneumonitis are inter-related and represent the spectrum of expression of lung injury to irradiation. Although a diffuse pneumonitis is a more dramatic and relatively early event following toxic doses of radiation, the fibrotic process is as lethal or debilitating albeit a later event. Both in the clinic and in the laboratory, a wide variety of dose/time fractionation schedules have been studied and have led to the proposition that the two processes of pneumonitis and fibrosis are due to different target cells, i.e. type II epithelial cells and the septal fibroblast respectively and are distinct in time as to the expression of the reaction. New evidence from our own investigations as well as others suggests this is a multicellular process with initiation and sustaining of the fibrogenic process through an intercommunication between different lung cells. That is, soon after irradiation there is the synthesis and secretion of numerous growth and inhibitory factors that occur for weeks to months during the so-called "latent" period after a lethal exposure. In fact, the genetic expression of injury probably occurs immediately, within hours and/or days, as there are genetic events which control and regulate the release of signals and receptors and control the dynamic sequence of events. A concise summary of target cells injured by irradiation is presented to clarify the pathophysiologic events and the hypothesized biological markers, i.e. biochemical and growth factors. The response to radiation injury is a complex process and needs to be investigated in terms of the new molecular physiology to explain the histopathologic events. The concept of a single target cell which can explain the dynamic sequence of events which occurs following lethal pulmonary irradiation is supplanted by that of multiple cell systems interacting. The so-called "latent" period of weeks or months to express radiation reactions is being replaced by appreciation of autocrine, paracrine and endocrine messages being sent immediately after the injurious exposure to irradiation by a variety of cells: epithelial, endothelial, fibroblasts and macrophages. The implementation of the process is by genetic reprogramming of the cell cycle, the response of a variety of growth factors and inhibiting factors, the alteration of specific cell receptors to receive these signals, and the resulting transduction and translation of these signals into post receptor cytoplasmic, nuclear and interstitial events.
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0.958 |
1985 — 1989 |
Rubin, Philip |
P01Activity Code Description: For the support of a broadly based, multidisciplinary, often long-term research program which has a specific major objective or a basic theme. A program project generally involves the organized efforts of relatively large groups, members of which are conducting research projects designed to elucidate the various aspects or components of this objective. Each research project is usually under the leadership of an established investigator. The grant can provide support for certain basic resources used by these groups in the program, including clinical components, the sharing of which facilitates the total research effort. A program project is directed toward a range of problems having a central research focus, in contrast to the usually narrower thrust of the traditional research project. Each project supported through this mechanism should contribute or be directly related to the common theme of the total research effort. These scientifically meritorious projects should demonstrate an essential element of unity and interdependence, i.e., a system of research activities and projects directed toward a well-defined research program goal. |
Clinical/Experimental Radiation Research Studies @ University of Rochester
The intellectual integration of the various sections into a coherent, yet individualistic, scientific research program is realized by our carefully selected set of major scientific themes and rely heavily on and utilize the laboratory to model and simulate clinical and clinico-physiopathologic problems and, through such laboratory efforts, to better understand and quantitate the pathophysiological effects of radiation on human malignant disease and normal tissues. The major research themes for the Radiation Oncology Clinical Investigative Program are: PREDICTIVE BIOCHEMICAL ASSAY(S) for normal organs and tissues and INNOVATIVE CLINICAL TRIALS for studying unique and unorthodox fractionation schema, new radiosensitizers, radio-protectors and chemotherapy. The radiation Biology and Biophysics Program has their focus on TUMOR HETEROGENEITY and tumor physiology, in in vivo (spheroids) and in vivo systems (nude mice) and RADIOBIOLOGICAL and CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC RESPONSES of human tumors in the above models. The Medical Physics Program features BONE AND HIGH-Z TRANSITION ZONE DOSIMETRY, for photons and neutrons and measured NEUTRON SPECTRA for national clinically-based fast neutron radiotherapy effort. Through the design of "cluster" groups, laboratory ideas are developed into institutional Phase I/II studies. If successful, these trials are integrated into Phase III national cooperative group studies in which the faculty play a leadership role.
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0.958 |
1985 — 1989 |
Rubin, Philip |
U10Activity Code Description: To support clinical evaluation of various methods of therapy and/or prevention in specific disease areas. These represent cooperative programs between sponsoring institutions and participating principal investigators, and are usually conducted under established protocols. |
Radiation Therapy Oncology Group @ University of Rochester
The University of Rochester (UR) investigators continue to play a major role in the design and development of RTOG protocols on the national level as well as contributing to the case accession and conduct of RTOG Clinical Trials at all levels: Phase I, Phase II, Phase III and Cancer Control Studies. The offices of Vice Chairman for Research Strategies and Chairman of the Protocol Committee are both located within the Division of Radiation Oncology (DRO) at the University of Rochester Cancer Center (URCC). This facilitates development of the design activities of the RTOG and smooth incorporation of these ideas into working protocols, allowing for prioritizing of studies. These ends are accomplished in a two-fold fashion. Firstly, studies are reviewed as major research themes which include time dose and fractionation schedules, hyperfractionation, radiosensitizers, radioprotectors, large field and hemi-body irradiation, high LET irradiation, optimal timing of radiation therapy and chemotherapy, hyperthermia and other innovative approaches in radiation therapy with mathematical modeling. Secondly, different anatomical sites are evaluated to determine which is best suited for specific research studies. These include brain gliomas, head and neck cancers, lung cancers, prostate cancer, colo-rectal cancers, gynecologic tumors and hematologic malignancies. The UR investigators are particularly interested in hemibody irradiation for treating occult metastases. Hyperfractionation is emerging as the leading research concept in a number of sites and the UR investigators are actively combining these two concepts in unique and innovative studies. Another area of particular interest is the use of radioprotectors and radiosensitizers in which our unique research laboratory support system plays a vital role. Use of the hemi-body concept with the radioprotectors and radiosensitizers has been developed at our institution and is currently being tested. Additional areas of interest include colorectal and prostate cancer, areas which the UR has proposed studies recently, as well as radiation toxicology and pathology and redesigning protocols for hematologic malignancies. The UR has been a major contributor of cases and a funded member in good standing of the RTOG since its inception a decade ago.
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0.958 |
1986 |
Rubin, Philip |
R13Activity Code Description: To support recipient sponsored and directed international, national or regional meetings, conferences and workshops. |
Developmental Conference--International Clinical Trials @ University of Rochester
An international liaison of radiation oncology cooperative groups is proposed to formalize a more active federation world wide of those organizations doing clinical trials in order to achieve: 1) better communications of active trials; 2) better quality assurance of radiation treatment; 3) better description of criteria for entry of patients on study (staging, diagnostic work-up, and end results reporting including late effects criteria); and 4) better leads to selected intergroup studies with either common arms (fractionation protocols) or joint protocols to accelerate patient accrual. The present proposal will permit the formal organization of an international cooperative group to achieve these aims and objectives. A conference, whose participants will represent the leadership of three major cooperative groups in Europe and the United States, will be scheduled for April, 1986, in Paris, France. Through a series of workshops and writing sessions, the conference participants will develop a research plan patterned after the one currently in effect for the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG). They will address the priorities in protocol design as well as protocol design itself with regard to modalities and major disease sites. Of special interest will be the modalities that are providing investigations at the leading edge of cancer research such as chemical modifiers, fractionation and time/dose studies, high LET, large field studies (hemi-body irradiation), hyperthermia, isotopic immunotherapy, intraoperative procedures, and brachytherapy. The resulting research plan will provide the necessary coordination and cooperation between international cooperative groups. Upon its completion it will receive the endorsement of the conference participants prior to its debut at national meetings. This will ensure that studies evolve in a meaningful fashion. Publication of this plan will eventually be by a scientific journal such as the International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology and Physics. Through development of this comprehensive research plan for international trials, it is anticipated that the scientific methodology of conducting clinical trials will be extended to third world countries to utilize their unique patient resources with a high incidence of specific cancers.
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0.958 |
1987 — 1989 |
Rubin, Philip |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Pulmonary Surfactant System &Radiation Pneumonitis @ University of Rochester
The central concept of this research proposal is to develop sensitive and reproductible biochemical assays of radiation- induced lung damage in in vivo and in vitro models which are applicable to man, and to study the effects of radiation-induced alterations. The major focus of our investigations will shift to a search for biochemical markers of different target cells in addition to Type II alveolar pneumocytes and to find predictors for both later effects--pneumonitis and fibrosis. There are basic structural changes in type II pneumocytes and immediate biochemical alterations following radiation exposure of lung tissue that can lead to pneumonitis and have a potential to be utilized as diagnostic tools. In our three different murine models and a rabbit model, we found a slight dissociation of surfactant release, ususally at slightly lower doses, from lethality. The concept of quantification of pulmonary surfactant release by an apoprotein rather than a phospholipid will be coupled with newer techniques to measure and analyze for other proteins using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunochemical analyses. Furthermore, a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against surface antigens of the adult type II pneumocyte have been characterized and these will be constructed and utilized in examination of the lavage and, since some of these products do enter extracellular spaces and may gain access to the blood, serum samples. Preliminary studies have shown detection of the apoprotein antigen in the blood of exposed animals in direct proportion to the severity of the exposure. The expsure refers to non-radiation injury produced by nitrogen dioxide, oxygen, hyperoxia and oleic acid and will be repeated with radiation. A new direction of investigation will be to study the effects of radiation directly on the nucleus and genetic function of type II pneumocytes. An attempt will be made to correlate the cellular changes of type II cells with altered gene expression of surfactant synthesis. As a preliminary step to human studies following lung irradiation, serial lavaging in the clinic has been initiated to develop quantitative techniques to determine the alveolar surface being lavaged and a lung lavage profile of different biochemical factors that may act as predictors for either later pneumonitis or fibrosis.
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0.958 |
1987 |
Rubin, Philip |
R13Activity Code Description: To support recipient sponsored and directed international, national or regional meetings, conferences and workshops. |
International Clinical Trials in Radiation Oncology @ University of Rochester
In the Fall of 1984, an international liaison of radiation oncology cooperative groups was proposed. The primary aims of this liaison were to formalize a more active federation of the organizations doing clinical trials to achieve: 1) better communication on active trials; 2) better quality assurance of radiation treatment; 3) better definition of patient entry on to study; and 4) better leads to selected intergroup studies to accelerate patient accrual. The initial conference held in Paris, France in 1986 was to establish a cooperative group to facilitate these aims. The name selected was International Clinical Trials in Radiation Oncology (ICTRO). The organizers were from three existing cooperative groups: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG), European Organization for Research in the Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and the British Medical Research Council (BMRC). The alliance thus formed will seek to promote cancer research trials and attempt to achieve the same level of excellence on both sides of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Further, development of ICTRO as a Core Subject in Bilateral Agreements will make it an excellent mechanism for technology transfer to Third World countries. This will be achieved largely through quality assurance mechanisms. The development of a research document designed to establish priorities, define resources, outline quality assurance standards and present a workable research program is the end result of the Paris 1986 conference. The current proposal will permit publication of this research plan and further development of a significant new advance in the battle against cancer worldwide.
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0.958 |
1988 — 1995 |
Rubin, Philip |
P01Activity Code Description: For the support of a broadly based, multidisciplinary, often long-term research program which has a specific major objective or a basic theme. A program project generally involves the organized efforts of relatively large groups, members of which are conducting research projects designed to elucidate the various aspects or components of this objective. Each research project is usually under the leadership of an established investigator. The grant can provide support for certain basic resources used by these groups in the program, including clinical components, the sharing of which facilitates the total research effort. A program project is directed toward a range of problems having a central research focus, in contrast to the usually narrower thrust of the traditional research project. Each project supported through this mechanism should contribute or be directly related to the common theme of the total research effort. These scientifically meritorious projects should demonstrate an essential element of unity and interdependence, i.e., a system of research activities and projects directed toward a well-defined research program goal. |
Clinical/Experimental Radiation Research Interface Study @ University of Rochester
The central purpose of the Clinical/Experimental Radiation Research Interface Studies (CERRIS) grant is to develop more optimal radiation treatment through the integration of advances in basic science research and clinical investigation leading to the development of a more favorable therapeutic ratio. Although the foremost objective of radiation treatment is ablation of the primary tumor and its regional nodal deposits, thereby improving survival rates, there is a need to preserve vital normal tissues surrounding the cancer to assure high quality of life. Ideally, the therapist would like a predictive index to determine the tumor response as well as the potential for severe normal tissue injury which leads to morbid late effects. The major scientific themes an objectives are enumerated below. The focus in the clinical core section devoted to innovative clinical trials will be demonstrated as being derived from these laboratory themes. A. To define the molecular mechanisms of radiation pathophysiology in critical normal tissues organs such as lung and brain, and thereby identify biochemical events that could serve as early markers for late effects. B. To study the role of intrinsic factors such as intracellular glutathione, thiol depletion and potential lethal repair capacity in tumor radiosensitivity and to determine if, by their manipulation, one can overcome tumor cell radioresistance. C. To evaluate the dynamic cytokinetic parameters in irradiated cancers such as flow cytometric DNA, IudR and K67 to determine potential doubling time, DNA synthesis time and to be able to predict the radiosensitivity of tumor cells, particularly in quiescent phase and the kinetics of their recruitment and proliferative capacities. D. To assess tumor hypoxia, oxygen transport and the manipulation of pathophysiological parameters such as blood flow and hemoglobin affinity for potential therapeutic applications. E. To further define the potential beneficial therapeutic effects of beta interferon by simulating through in vitro experimental models the basis for clinical studies. F. To translate through innovative clinical trials the aforementioned radiobiologic research themes into protocol designs that produce more favorable therapeutic ratios and optimal combined modality therapy with an emphasis on organ preservation and quality of life.
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0.958 |
1992 |
Rubin, Philip |
R13Activity Code Description: To support recipient sponsored and directed international, national or regional meetings, conferences and workshops. |
Late Effects Consensus Conference @ University of Rochester
Since its inception, Radiation Oncology, more than any other cancer treatment discipline, has considered the late effects of therapy on normal tissues and organs. The disparity between the intensity of acute and late effects and the inability to predict the eventual manifestations of late normal tissue injury has made practicing radiation oncologists recognize the importance of careful patient follow-up. Not only do early somatic functional and structural alterations occur during the actual treatment itself, but late effects manifest months to years after acute effects heal, and often progress with time. A recommendation of a uniform system is the desired end product based upon 'consensus criteria.' In September 1985, an NCI Consensus Conference on toxicity was held in Baltimore, MD. A subcommittee, comprised of representatives from several cooperative groups was formed at this meeting with the aim of addressing the question of standardized toxic effects criteria. Most of these recommendations were put into effect in the Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC) first distributed by NCI in 1988. What remains to be done is to devise additions to the CTC for subacute and chronic (late) toxicities from combined modality treatment strategies which include radiotherapy. The purpose of this Late Effects Conference will be analyze the current scoring system for acute and late effects and develop a system which embodies simplicity of design and will result in accuracy of detail. The Conference will concern itself specifically with the development of scoring systems to be used in all sites and to recommend methods to validate them. This could be achieved through development of longitudinal studies of the dose-limiting normal tissues or organs to be conducted in cooperative group settings. The conference participants will assume the responsibility of moving these recommendations and methods into the appropriate cooperative group with which each may be affiliated. While the development of studies for interventions to ameliorate acute and prevent late effects will be one of the desired ends this is beyond the scope of this Conference.
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0.958 |
1995 — 1997 |
Gilfoyle, Gerard Vineyard, Michael Rubin, Philip |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Video Technology in Introductory Physics
The teaching of mechanics and motion in introductory physics has produced disappointing results that imply that most students leave the course with only a primitive understanding of the motion of objects. In this project, recently developed video technology is used in an inquiry-based, laboratory-lecture format to improve students' learning of the fundamental ideas of Newtonian mechanics. The students record the trajectory of an object with a low-cost video camera, digitize and record the data on a computer, and then analyze the observed motion frame-by-frame to discover the features of the observed phenomenon. This procedure directly confronts students' preconceptions about motion; measure the same quantities that are used to describe motion in the classroom, such as the time-dependent position of a projectile; and make new and challenging phenomena accessible in the introductory physics laboratory. Before now, the methods employed in this project were too costly to allow students to collect and analyze their own data in an introductory physics laboratory. In addition, the method is flexible and easy to use, an essential practical ingredient in an inquiry-based laboratory. The audience targeted in this project is all students who take introductory physics. These students are from all scientific disciplines (physics to sport science) and from all classes (first year to seniors). The project implements the use of these video technologies in an environment where the students are involved in both recording the video and analyzing it. The students can investigate a variety of phenomena that because of technical or cost barriers cannot be addressed in the traditional undergraduate laboratory.
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0.961 |
1995 — 1997 |
Rubin, Philip |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Molecular Mechanisms in Radiation Pneumonitis &Fibrosis @ University of Rochester
The overall goals of this research are to understand the mechanisms of radiation-induced injury using the new molecular biologic techniques at our disposal. Our current working hypothesis and recent research findings focus on the pulmonary sequence of events following ionizing radiation as a continuum, with no clear distinction between the pneumonitic and fibrotic phases. We propose that control of the proliferation of pulmonary fibroblasts and the synthesis and turnover of extracellular matrix components occurs through the production of specific locally generated mediators. These factors, acting through specific receptors on the cell surface, alter the rate of growth or specific gene expression of the matrix components or products that directly relate to their turnover. We intend to continue to decipher the intercellular communication between the many different cells injured, recognizing that the target has shifted from the cell per se to cellular conversation; that is the interaction between the irradiated "infield" parenchymal cells of the lung (type II pneumocyte and septal fibroblast) and recruited "out-of-field" inflammatory cells: macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils and, especially, the lymphocytes. We believe that the progressive elements of radiation injury may largely relate to modulation of the "in-field" radiation inflammatory response through a complex cascade of cytokine release and by their chemotactic attraction for "out-of-field" immune cells such as lymphocytes and monocytes. Once recruited into this disturbed microenvironment, these inflammatory cells may themselves become stimulated to produce other mediators initiating a complex "cytokine cascade." It is important to recognize that in addition to influencing the rate of nature of the factors produced, radiation exposure may also directly alter the ability of a specific cell type to respond to such signals. Such alteration may occur through a change in the number or affinity of specific growth factor receptors on the target cells. To address this hypothesis we propose to examine the expression of mRNA and protein of specific growth factors and cytokines that we feel are critical components in the communication among the cells involved in the radiation response. These include TGFalpha and beta, PDGF, IL-1, TNF, IL-8/NAP and the novel chemotactic peptide MCP/MCAF, as well as measurement of receptors on populations of parenchymal cells. These will be examined in two model systems of radiation injury with which we have extensive experience, the unilung irradiated rabbit and the mouse. Both of these systems have unique advantages that we plan to exploit in the proposed experiments.
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0.958 |
1995 |
Rubin, Philip |
R13Activity Code Description: To support recipient sponsored and directed international, national or regional meetings, conferences and workshops. |
Lent Iii Conference @ University of Rochester |
0.958 |
1996 — 1998 |
Rubin, Philip |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Rui: Studies of Kaons and Phi Mesons
9503783 Rubin This grant supports research under the NSF program to promote Research at Undergraduate Institutions. The Principal Investigator and students participate in a group continuing an experiment at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. They are collecting data on rare decays of long- lived neutral K mesons. The results will provide a test of predictions of the Standard Model of electroweak interactions. ***
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0.961 |
1998 — 1999 |
Rubin, Philip |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Rui: Kaon and Phi Meson Rare Decay Studies At the University of Richmond
*** 9803763 Rubin Through this proposed activity, the PI can carry out a program at an undergraduate institution, that completes the analysis of rare decays of the K-meson in experiment E871 at Brookhaven laboratory. Through a study of such decays, the effects of new physics outside of the Standard Model can be found. ***
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0.961 |
1999 — 2002 |
Rubin, Philip |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Rui: Rare and Forbidden Decays From Vector Mesons
9971970 Rubin This proposal requests support for a group at the University of Richmond, a primarily undergraduate institution, to help complete the rare kaon decay experiment, E871: K_long to muon + electron, at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, to perform an R-zero hadron search experiment (BNL E935), to participate in a phi meson rare decay search (Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Experiment 94-016), and to study rare decays of the phi meson or the upsilon resonance. All of these projects involve similar experimental techniques in the search for very rare processes. The subject matter involves both Nuclear Physics and Elementary Particle Physics.
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0.961 |
2002 — 2004 |
Rubin, Philip |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Rui: Rare Decay Studies At the University of Richmond
This is an excellent example of a successful program at an undergraduate institution. The PI has focussed his efforts on experiments of a scale that allows his undergraduate students to participate effectively. All of the experiments are at the "sensitivity frontier" and even with a comparatively large teaching load, the PI has established leadership positions. Further, he is addressing workforce related issues by coordinating the recruitment of African - American students.
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0.961 |
2004 — 2008 |
Rubin, Philip |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Rare Decay Studies With Na48/1, Cleo-C, and Meco @ George Mason University
This proposal requests support to continue research on the high intensity K-short/neutral-hyperon data of NA48/1 (CERN), to participate in the CLEO-c (CESR) program, and to commence involvement with the MECO (BNL) experiment. NA48/1 is a search for rare K-short and neutral hyperon decays with a single-event sensitivity of about 3 x10-10. Its primary objectives include measurements of K0S to p0e(m)+e(m)- and cascade hyperon semi-leptonic and weak radiative decays. CLEO-c expects to collect data at the Psi'' resonance, at a center-of-mass energy of 4140 MeV (above the DsDs threshold) and at the J/Psi , yielding samples of 1.5 million DsDs pairs, 30 million DD pairs, and one billion J/Psi. These data will provide a typical sensitivity, for rare D decay searches, of 2-3 orders of magnitude better than Particle Data Group values. The PI intends to investigate flavor-changing neutral-current decays of the D-meson and weak radiative decays of the Lc. CLEO-c formally commenced in Summer 2003 and the investigator will work with the software coordinator on special support tasks. MECO intends to set a limit of < 10-16 on the branching ratio for muon to electron conversion with a newly designed detector and innovative method for producing a high purity, momentum- and charge-selected muon beam. MECO aims to take data during the second half of this decade, and the PI would likely collaborate with colleagues at the College of William & Mary on the construction of the cosmic muon veto system.
The PI will continue his efforts to recruit underrepresented populations into the mathematical sciences and he will join an ongoing effort to develop teacher training programs for science and mathematics pedagogy at all grade-school levels.
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0.943 |
2004 |
Rubin, Philip |
R13Activity Code Description: To support recipient sponsored and directed international, national or regional meetings, conferences and workshops. |
Lent V Conference @ University of Rochester
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): There are compelling reasons to organize an RTOG translational research workshop in radiation biophysiology and biopathology incorporating new molecular biologic and genetic concepts in search of quantifiable surrogate biomarkers for grading adverse effects in normal tissues. In addition, innovative therapeutic interventions have been and will be designed to ameliorate adverse effects based on molecular mechanisms. Additional goals are to develop a standard statistical model for reporting adverse effects and a unified approach to arriving at a summary or global toxicity score. The goal of surrogate biomarkers can be utilized in the event of radiation bioterror to determine individuals that have been exposed to radiation. The participating faculty will be invited clinical scientists and researchers with a long-standing interest in Late Effects of Normal Tissues (LENT). An open invitation will be made to all major National Oncology Cooperative Groups and the EORTC to foster validation protocols and stimulate interest in establishing meaningful therapeutic ratios. The meeting will be held at the University of Rochester Cancer Center, The Memorial Art Gallery, and the AAB Basic Science Auditoriums. A number of vital topics will be addressed in a series of small focused workshops which will be organ oriented. The dates selected for the Conference are May 19, 20, 21,22 2004.
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0.958 |
2007 — 2011 |
Rubin, Philip [⬀] |
P01Activity Code Description: For the support of a broadly based, multidisciplinary, often long-term research program which has a specific major objective or a basic theme. A program project generally involves the organized efforts of relatively large groups, members of which are conducting research projects designed to elucidate the various aspects or components of this objective. Each research project is usually under the leadership of an established investigator. The grant can provide support for certain basic resources used by these groups in the program, including clinical components, the sharing of which facilitates the total research effort. A program project is directed toward a range of problems having a central research focus, in contrast to the usually narrower thrust of the traditional research project. Each project supported through this mechanism should contribute or be directly related to the common theme of the total research effort. These scientifically meritorious projects should demonstrate an essential element of unity and interdependence, i.e., a system of research activities and projects directed toward a well-defined research program goal. |
Administrative Core @ Haskins Laboratories, Inc.
Core A Fawle, Carol A Core Project A Description Introduction Core A services are used to provide support for all projects in this proposal. These efforts are divided equally among all four projects and are related to the technology (including computers, peripherals, and special research equipment) required to develop stimuli, conduct experiments, manipulate and analyze data, communicate with colleagues, and create documents and figures for manuscripts and meeting presentations. Overview The Core A staff is responsible for obtaining and maintaining the equipment used in the different research projects, including existing computers and research equipment available with the support of both prior funding or funding from other sources. In addition, the Core A provides advice and assistance with the development and use of software tools, and with the use and customization of specialized research equipment. Examples includetools used for audio and visual analysis and synthesis (including both commercial and in-house developed systems);the development and use of software and hardware for on-line experiments using microcomputers to present stimuli and to gather responses;assistance with experiments involving the use of the EMMA system, the eyetracker system, the MRI systems, and other specialized hardware; assistance with equipment for the acquisition and presentation of video information;consultation on software and hardware resources for special-purpose experiments and analyses;etc. Dr. Philip Rubin, the Core A Leader, provides oversight for all Core A activities. He is a full-time employee, a psychologist, and Vice President of Raskins Laboratories where. He is responsible for the administration of all day to day activities of the Laboratories, including the Laboratories'computing and engineering activities. Dr. Rubin is also a Professor Adjunct at the Yale School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, and a Research Affiliate in the Psychology Department at Yale University. He is responsible for design and technical assistance related to the development and support of our in-house software and for the acquisition and support of commercial software packages. In addition, Dr. Rubin supervises the
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0.919 |
2009 — 2013 |
Rubin, Philip |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Cp Violation and Rare-Decay Studies @ George Mason University
This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).
This award provides support for a new program of research in elementary particle physics at George Mason University. The PI, Philip Rubin, will complete his research in charm physics with the CLEO-c collaboration and join in constructing an apparatus at CERN (NA62) to make extremely sensitive measurements of elements of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) quark mixing matrix by measuring the decay rate of kaons to pizero-neutrino-neutrino-bar beginning with the charged kaon mode. Both the neutral and charged channels are clean but exacting probes of the Standard Model and of physics beyond this model. In particular, measurements of the rates of these channels will provide great insight into CP-violation, a symmetry breaking that permits the concentration of matter, and therefore the development of life, in the universe. Rubin and his group will work on the critical muon veto system, helping to refurbish NA48's hadron calorimeter and providing the monitoring and controls system. In the past, Rubin has conducted his research almost exclusively with undergraduate students. While continuing his commitment to providing exciting undergraduate experiences in research, his Department's new Ph.D. program, which commenced in Fall 2008, will allow for graduate students to be part of the high energy physics program. His additional outreach efforts are focused on student development and teacher training by developing interdisciplinary courses designed simultaneously to meet University graduation and Virginia state certification requirements.
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0.943 |
2011 — 2015 |
Rubin, Philip |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
International: Research Experiences For Students At Cern @ George Mason University
With the three-year International Research Experiences for Students (IRES) award, Philip D. Rubin, from George Mason University (GMU), will conduct a ten-week, combined Summer research internship-training program for fifteen undergraduates (five per year), in cooperation with CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research. CERN houses some of the world's largest and most technically complex scientific instruments in the form of particle accelerators and detectors, and is one of the most vibrant and international research centers in the world. All aspects of particle physics are pursued there: theory, research and development, information technology, experiments, and data analysis. The Principal Investigator is a member of the NA62 collaboration, a group of about 120 physicists from Europe, Russia, and North America, investigating ultra-rare kaon decays in a fixed target experiment using the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). Annually, CERN conducts a Summer Student Research Programme for nearly 200 undergraduates from around Europe and other countries; the students supported by this grant will participate in this program, and their projects may come from any of the research areas available at CERN.
Participants will be drawn from students attending a member institution of the Consortium of Universities of the Washington Metropolitan Area or the Northern Virginia Community College. The first week of the program will be spent at GMU in a preparatory workshop, and the remaining nine weeks will be spent in Switzerland at CERN. The program will include skill development, research experience under the co-supervision of an on-site CERN expert and Professor Rubin, academic and career advising, and international networking opportunities. Each participating student will make at least one presentation at CERN and write a technical note on the project undertaken. CERN-stationed mentors will evaluate the experiences from their point of view, and the students will write a short summary and evaluation of their experiences.
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0.943 |
2012 — 2016 |
Rubin, Philip |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Ultra-Rare Kaon Decays At Cern @ George Mason University
Searches for evidence for new physics beyond the Standard Model can be addressed through direct searches at the Energy Frontier at High Energy Colliding Beam Facilities such as the LHC and through a complementary technique of indirect searches at the Intensity Frontier, in experimental measurements of very-rare decay modes of known particles. This project focuses on continued research with the NA62 experiment at CERN, which is a measurement of the rare decay of the charge K meson through the process, K+ -> pi+ nu nubar. This decay is well-predicted in the Standard Model of Particle Physics, and a precision experimental measurement of the actual rate could provide evidence for new physics, if the observed rate differs significantly from the theoretical prediction. The experimental challenge is occasioned by the very small branching fraction predicted by the Standard Model for this decay mode of 0.85 x 10-10. Despite its small size, the GMU group is engaged in all aspects of NA62, with responsibilities in event trigger logic, trigger hardware and front-end electronics communication, slow controls, CEDAR (a special differential Cherenkov counter for the detection of kaons in the beam line, for which GMU has made significant contributions) and Muon Veto hardware components.
The George Mason group is making an impressive effort in broadening the participation in fundamental research at the intensity frontier, through its participation in QuarkNet and through a separate NSF IRES (International Research Experience for Students) grant that brings up to five undergraduates to CERN each summer, with applicants selected from a consortium of universities and colleges in the Washington DC Metropolitan Area.
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0.943 |
2012 — 2016 |
Rubin, Philip [⬀] |
P01Activity Code Description: For the support of a broadly based, multidisciplinary, often long-term research program which has a specific major objective or a basic theme. A program project generally involves the organized efforts of relatively large groups, members of which are conducting research projects designed to elucidate the various aspects or components of this objective. Each research project is usually under the leadership of an established investigator. The grant can provide support for certain basic resources used by these groups in the program, including clinical components, the sharing of which facilitates the total research effort. A program project is directed toward a range of problems having a central research focus, in contrast to the usually narrower thrust of the traditional research project. Each project supported through this mechanism should contribute or be directly related to the common theme of the total research effort. These scientifically meritorious projects should demonstrate an essential element of unity and interdependence, i.e., a system of research activities and projects directed toward a well-defined research program goal. |
Administrative Core @ Haskins Laboratories, Inc.
The Administrative Core (AC) serves as the central support and organizing component of the Program Project. Efforts by AC personnel to meet this objective will fall into three key areas. First, the AC will manage and coordinate the administrative and communication needs of this project, including IT, web page, database, and budgetary support staff necessary to ensure timely and efficient information flow between projects, cores and sites. Second, AC efforts will provide technical support for the projects, including obtaining and maintaining the computers and research equipment and advice and assistance with the development and use of hardware and software tools required to develop stimuli, conduct experiments, manipulate and analyze data; Third, AC personnel will provide training and quality control of the battery of assessments used by each project, including basic data monitoring of project databases to ensure representative samples, and assessing data structures and interrelations.
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0.919 |
2014 — 2017 |
Rubin, Philip |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Ires: Undergraduate Research At Cern - Explorations in Accelerator-Based Science @ George Mason University
Through this three-year International Research Experiences for Students (IRES) program for U.S. students, George Mason University (GMU) will conduct a nine-week, combined research internship-training program for eighteen undergraduates in cooperation with counterparts at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research. Located in Geneva, Switzerland, CERN is a world-class international research center that supports all aspects of accelerator-based science: theory, research and development, information technology, experiments, and data analysis. Users of the facilities, including students, work in these areas along with research counterparts and staff at CERN. With access to technically complex particle accelerators and detectors, experiments and research activities carried out there are among the most advanced in accelerator-based science. Each year, scientists from almost 600 institutes and universities (and 85 nations) visit the laboratory to collaborate. U.S. scientists, including the Principal Investigator, are engaged in experiments based at one or another of the accelerators at the CERN complex, including the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In this exceptional setting, CERN conducts an annual Summer Student Research Programme for up to 300 undergraduates from Europe and other countries. With direction from the P.I., six U.S. students supported by this IRES grant will work with CERN-affiliated mentors and participate in the summer program, where they will learn alongside fellow students and professionals from every corner of the globe.
To ensure opportunities for broader participation in the IRES at CERN, George Mason University will recruit by inviting advanced students to apply who are in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields and attending member institutions of the diverse Consortium of Universities of the Washington Metropolitan Area, an historically Black or women's college or university in the greater District of Columbia region, or a Northern Virginia community college. Selected student participants will spend their first of nine weeks at GMU in a preparatory workshop, followed by eight weeks at CERN for a well-planned program that includes skill development, research experience under the co-supervision of the P.I. and an on-site expert, academic and career advising, and multiple professional networking opportunities. Participating students must make one or more presentations at CERN and author a technical report on their project for posting on the IRES program web site and evaluation by mentors. IRES participation will contribute not only to on-going accelerator-based science, but also-very importantly-to workforce preparation of junior U.S. scientists and engineers with a full range of scientific experience, including areas that involve hardware, software, data analysis, computer engineering, and design and simulation.
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0.943 |
2015 — 2018 |
Rubin, Philip |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Ultra-Rare Kaon Decay Experiments At Cern @ George Mason University
One of the major intellectual achievements of the 20th century was the development of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. This model succeeded in classifying all of the elementary particles known at the time into a hierarchy of groups having similar quantum properties. The validity of this model to date was recently confirmed by the discovery of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the CERN laboratory near Geneva Switzerland. However, the Standard Model as it currently exists leaves open many questions about the universe, including such fundamental questions as to why the mass of the Higgs boson has the value it has. To answer these questions it is necessary to go beyond the present picture of the Universe described by the Standard Model to the next phase of development, Beyond the Standard Model (BSM). Investigations in BSM physics probe such questions as why matter dominates over anti-matter in the Universe, the values of the masses of the fundamental constituents of matter, the quarks and the leptons, the size of the mixings among the quarks, and separately among the leptons, and the properties of dark matter. This award will contribute to this search through measurements made of the decay of charged K mesons, a rare process. The award will also continue the impressive effort in broadening the participation in fundamental research, through its participation in QuarkNet and through a separate NSF IRES (International Research Experience for Students) grant that brings up to five undergraduates to CERN each summer, with applicants selected from a consortium of universities and colleges in the Washington DC Metropolitan Area.
Searches for evidence for new physics beyond the Standard Model can be addressed through direct searches at the Energy Frontier at High Energy Colliding Beam Facilities such as the LHC and through a complementary technique of indirect searches at the Intensity Frontier, in experimental measurements of very-rare decay modes of known particles. This award focuses on continued research with the NA62 experiment at CERN, which is a measurement of the rare decay of the charged K meson through the process, K+ -> pion+, neutrino, anti-neutrino. This decay is well-predicted in the Standard Model of Particle Physics, and a precision experimental measurement of the actual rate could provide evidence for new physics, if the observed rate differs significantly from the theoretical prediction. This award will provide help in all aspects of NA62, with responsibilities in event trigger logic, trigger hardware and front-end electronics communication, slow controls, and a counter for the detection of kaons in the beam line.
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0.943 |
2016 — 2017 |
Rubin, Philip |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Support For the Beach 2016 Conference @ George Mason University
This award will provide support for a eight graduate students and young postdoctoral scientists to attend the XIIth International Conference on Beauty, Charm and Hyperons in Hadronic Interactions in George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, June 12-18, 2016. This conference is held bi-annually and is one of the largest of major interest to the particle flavor physics community, with an expected attendance of at least 100 persons. Topics covered will be mostly in flavour physic,s including results from neutrino and LHC experiments. Attendance by graduate students to participate, either as members of the audience or as speakers, is the particular role for NSF funds. Priority for this support will be given to students from under-privileged communities.
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0.943 |
2017 — 2020 |
Rubin, Philip |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Ires: Science and Engineering At the World's Largest Accelerator Facility @ George Mason University
This award supports a collaboration between George Mason University (GMU) and the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). Through this project, eighteen undergraduate students (six per year) will participate in a nine-week Summer research and training experience at CERN. CERN is among the most vibrant and international research centers in the world. Its scientific instruments - accelerators and detectors - are some of the largest and most technically complex ever built. All aspects of accelerator-focused research and design are carried out there. While fundamental particle physics is CERN's primary mission, active work is also undertaken in nuclear, molecular, and atomic physics, as well as detector and accelerator design and computing methods and infrastructure. Participating students will attend a one-week orientation and training workshop at GMU, and then spend eight weeks at CERN undertaking research projects related to CERN's particle accelerators and detectors. The students are guided in their research by internationally-trained, CERN-affiliated scientists, engineers, or computer specialists, and are co-supervised by the PI. Participants are part of CERN?s Summer Student Programme, which hosts nearly 300 undergraduates from around Europe and other countries. For participating students, this is an international learning and networking experience that may very well turn out to be among the highlights of their academic careers.
Principal Investigator Rubin is a member of the NA62 collaboration, a group of about 200 physicists from Europe, Russia, and North America, which is investigating ultra-rare kaon decays in a fixed target experiment using beam from CERN?s Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). IRES participants may indicate preferences for work in any of the research areas available at CERN. In this project, participants will be advanced STEM students recruited from US academic institutions with a highly diverse student body. At the conclusion of their Summer experiences, the student researchers will complete a presentation and a technical note reporting their research results.
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0.943 |
2018 — 2021 |
Rubin, Philip |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Experiments With Kaons At Cern @ George Mason University
One of the major intellectual achievements of the 20th century was the development of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. This model succeeded in classifying all of the elementary particles known at the time into a hierarchy of groups having similar quantum properties. The validity of this model to date was confirmed by the discovery of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. However, the Standard Model as it currently exists leaves open many questions about the universe, including such fundamental questions as to why the Higgs mass has the value it has and why there is no antimatter in the universe. An important area to search for answers to these and other open questions about the universe, how it came to be, and why it is the way it is, is to study rare decays of kaons, as a probe of science Beyond the Standard Model (BSM). Kaons are the lightest particles containing a strange quark. The kaon physics program at the CERN Laboratory, Geneva, Switzerland includes measurements of the ultra-rare decays of kaons, including precision investigations of the weak interaction, and searches for violations of and for signatures of physics beyond the Standard Model. This project will focus on the study of ultra-rare decays.
The George Mason University group is a key participant and the sole U.S. group in the CERN NA62 experiment, whose primary objective is to measure the rate of an ultra-rare decay of charged kaons, through the flavor-changing neutral current to a charged pion and a pair of neutrinos. The rate of this transition is predicted in the Standard Model, while alternative models predict very different rates. Hence this challenging measurement has the potential to provide important evidence for new physics beyond the Standard Model. George Mason has been fully engaged in the experimental design, construction, operations and analysis of data from this experiment.
The broader impacts of the George Mason program are extensive, providing extensive summer research experiences for undergraduate students through the CERN Summer Research Programme, and in providing leadership and mentoring for the Virginia QuarkNet Center, which attracts high school teachers and students to the excitement of particle physics.
This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
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0.943 |