1986 — 2015 |
Murphy, Claire L |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. R37Activity Code Description: To provide long-term grant support to investigators whose research competence and productivity are distinctly superior and who are highly likely to continue to perform in an outstanding manner. Investigators may not apply for a MERIT award. Program staff and/or members of the cognizant National Advisory Council/Board will identify candidates for the MERIT award during the course of review of competing research grant applications prepared and submitted in accordance with regular PHS requirements. |
Chemosensory Perception and Psychophysics in the Aged @ San Diego State University
The ultimate long-term objectives of this project are to fully describe and quantify the extent of chemosensory dysfunction in the elderly, to understand its etiology, to identify in the chemical senses any mechanisms which may be common to aging of other sensory systems, and to elucidate the relationship between chemosensory function and nutritional status in the elderly. Studies conducted during the current grant period have established the critical need for longitudinal data on chemosensory aging as well as raised a number of provocative questions which have never been posed before. Thus the specific aims of the current proposal are 1) to conduct a longitudinal study of chemosensory aging to assess the rates of decline in chemosensory functions, assessed at different levels of the systems, and to examine rates of decline across chemosensory modalities; and 2) to conduct a highly-related series of cross-sectional studies which will investigate nasal pathology in olfactory dysfunction of Alzheimer's disease, probe for the existence of olfactory dysfunction in adult patients with Down's syndrome, and compare Weber Ratios (WRs) for olfactory, trigeminal, and gustatory stimuli in young and elderly subjects. Subjects in these studies will be active, non-institutionalized adults with no hospitalizations in the year preceding testing. They will be drawn from four age groups: young adults, middle-aged adults, the elderly and the oldest-old. Among these subjects will be a group of elderly patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type and a group of adults with Down's syndrome. A multi-faceted approach, employing both classical and modern psychophysical techniques, will be used to assess chemosensory function: two-alternative, forced-choice threshold methods; determination of Weber Ratios; magnitude matching of intensity; and bipolar line-scaling of hedonics. Nasal airway resistance will be measured by anterior rhinomanometry. Nasal disease will be assessed by ear, nose and throat examinations, including endoscopy and nasal cytology. A more complete understanding of chemosensory function in the elderly may suggest methods for maximizing taste and smell perception, food palatability, and, hence, dietary intake and nutritional status in the geriatric population. These studies will not only aid in enhancing the quality of life for aging populations, but will also increase our understanding of basic sensory processes.
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0.958 |
1987 |
Murphy, Claire L |
R13Activity Code Description: To support recipient sponsored and directed international, national or regional meetings, conferences and workshops. |
Conference On Nutrition &the Chemical Senses in Aging @ San Diego State University
The specific aims of this conference are to: 1. Bring together, for the first time, scientists at the forefront of research on nutrition, the chemical senses, food preferences, ingestion and aging. 2. Provide a forum in which to discuss research needs and priorities in this area. 3. Stimulate and identify directions for future research, including crucial experiments, interdisciplinary studies, and longitudinal work. 4. Publish the presentations and discussion in order to stimulate further research on the interrelationships among nutrition and the chemical senses, food ingestion, and food habits in the elderly. There is a need to probe the relationships among nutrition, the chemical senses, food preferences, ingestion and age. The proposed conference will bring together experts from the fields of nutrition, the chemical senses and ingestion to discuss the state of the art in each field, to discuss what is now known in each field about the effects of aging, to seek to determine where information and research in these different fields overlap and complement each other, and to simulate new, interdisciplinary research into the problems aging poses for nutrition and the chemical senses. In recent years, with support from the National Institute on Aging, research into nutrition and aging has increased at a rapid pace. Significant research problems lie ahead: the need to specify nutritional requirements for the elderly in the face of alterations in intake, absorption and utilization; the need to develop more appropriate methods to assess nutritional status in the elderly population; the need to determine food consumption patterns in the elderly; the need to completely describe altered chemosensation in the elderly; the need to determine the effects of deficits in taste and smell on chemosensory preference; the need to determine the effects of chemosensory perceptual and preference changes to food intake patterns in the elderly; the need to characterize the relationship between altered chemosensory perception and nutrition in the elderly. An interdisciplinary approach to these problems is proposed.
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0.958 |
1987 — 1995 |
Murphy, Claire L |
S03Activity Code Description: Undocumented code - click on the grant title for more information. |
Minority High School Student Research Apprentice Program @ San Diego State University
minority institution research support; secondary schools;
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0.958 |
1988 — 1997 |
Murphy, Claire L |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Olfactory Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease @ San Diego State University
olfactory disorder; Alzheimer's disease;
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0.958 |
1990 — 2008 |
Murphy, Claire L |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. R37Activity Code Description: To provide long-term grant support to investigators whose research competence and productivity are distinctly superior and who are highly likely to continue to perform in an outstanding manner. Investigators may not apply for a MERIT award. Program staff and/or members of the cognizant National Advisory Council/Board will identify candidates for the MERIT award during the course of review of competing research grant applications prepared and submitted in accordance with regular PHS requirements. |
Chemosensory Perception &Psychophysics in the Aged @ San Diego State University
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): More than 35 million Americans are over the age of 60 and the oldest-old represent the fastest growing segment of the population. More than 25 percent of the young-old and more than 60 percent of the oldest-old have impaired taste or smell. The underlying neural substrate is incompletely understood. Given the importance of nutrient intake to maintain good health and optimum function in old age, this is of great concern. A better understanding of chemosensory function in the elderly may suggest avenues for addressing age-related impairment. This project will take advantage of the power of the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique to image the aging brain while it is processing taste and odor stimulation in order to test the overarching hypothesis that functional changes in central nervous system activity, detectable in the cortical representation on fMRI, constitute a major neural substrate for chemosensory loss in aging. The focusing of this new technology on critical brain regions that are responsive to chemosensory inputs will address specific, critical questions regarding chemosensory aging: What are the brain areas that show changes in cortical activation in response to odor, to taste, and to multimodal odor and taste stimulation in the elderly? Are there common cortical substrates for aging of the olfactory and taste systems? Given that different cortical areas are expected to be activated in different chemosensory tasks (detection, identification, recall, recognition memory), are these areas differentially affected by aging? Do otherwise normal elderly persons who have the apolipoprotein E4 (Apo E4) allele show differential cortical activation during odor tasks? To address these questions, we have developed fMRI techniques and the stimulation paradigms necessary to present chemosensory stimuli in fMRI scanners. Neuroimaging is the only method capable of revealing precise spatial information about age-related differences in cortical response to chemosensory stimuli in living humans. We will correlate the results of fMRI with psychophysical assessment of taste and odor function in individual aging persons to provide an integrated understanding of brain/behavior functional relationships. The results of this project will deepen our understanding of changes in taste and odor processing in the aging brain in health and disease.
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0.958 |
1994 — 2010 |
Murphy, Claire L |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Olfactory Evoked Potentials in Clinical Populations @ San Diego State University
This project is designed to investigate fundamental questions regarding the sensory and cognitive basis of the olfactory evoked potential (OEP), and the application of the OEP in clinical settings where an objective index of sensory function has importance. The project will begin with parametric manipulation of stimulus and recording variables to elicit the most consistent, reliable, and robust OEP recordings. Once this has been accomplished, a study will commence to determine the capability of the individual person's OEP to indicate the functional olfactory status of that individual. This goal will be approached systematically by studying normal individuals.of various ages, including the elderly, and patients from the Nasal Dysfunction Clinic at the University of California, San Diego Medical Center who are known from precise psychophysical testing to be hyposmic, parosmic, phantosmic, or anosmic. State-of-the-art psychophysical measures of olfactory function will be utilized to characterize individuals and then compare OEPs for those individuals l) with their function measured psychophysically, and 2) against age- normative average OEP for the group, which will be collected. The individual's OEP will be compared to the auditory and visual evoked potentials for anosmics, hyposmics, and normals. Because one of the ultimate goals of this project is to use the OEP in various clinical populations who show olfactory dysfunction, including Alzheimer's patients, the feasibility of using the technique with demented individuals will be investigated. In the latter phase of the project, the possibility of recording an olfactory P3, using a variant of the "odd-ball paradigm," and its usefulness in clinical populations will be investigated.
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0.958 |
1997 |
Murphy, Claire L |
R13Activity Code Description: To support recipient sponsored and directed international, national or regional meetings, conferences and workshops. |
Innovative Approaches to Aging and Chemosensory Systems @ San Diego State University
Support is requested to enhance the International Symposium on Olfaction and Taste (ISOT) to be held in San Diego, CA, July 7-12 1997 as it joins the Association for Chemoreception Sciences Annual Meeting. An international symposium on Olfaction and taste is held every 3-4 years in a different location in the world. The last ISOT to be held in the U.S. was in 1986. The nation~s scientists, clinicians and industrial researchers in aging of the senses of olfaction and taste regard the American meeting as the nation~s major forum for dissemination of their research findings. The international meeting is the premier meeting for presentation of research in the field. Information presented at this meeting propagates rapidly and widely to the world-wide chemosensory community. Aging is associated with significant impairment in chemosensory function. Patients with Alzheimer~s disease exhibit particularly profound vulnerability of the olfactory system to the degenerative processes of the disease. This application proposes to enhance the joint meeting by inviting experts from outside the chemical senses who are experts in the area of aging, new technologies relevant to the study of aging, and in aging aspects of chemosensory function to participate in symposia which bring issues of aging to the forefront. These experts will advance the scientific objectives of the meeting by 1) encouraging the use of innovative technology, including cellular and molecular biological techniques and neuroimaging to be applied to the problem of aging of chemosensory systems, 2) presenting advances in research in other sensory modalities in order to enhance the potential for similar advances in the chemical senses, 3) updating chemosensory scientists with research in aging of chemosensory systems in order to stimulate new, innovative research directed at aging issues, and 4) fostering education in aging of the chemical senses. The proposed enhancement will produce better understanding of age-associated chemosensory impairment and stimulate new, innovative research into its underlying mechanisms.
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0.958 |
2008 |
Murphy, Claire L |
U13Activity Code Description: To support international, national or regional meetings, conferences and workshops where substantial programmatic involvement is planned to assist the recipient. |
Aging Focused Symposia At Isot 2008 @ San Diego State University
[unreadable] DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Support is requested for symposia focused on mechanisms of aging at the International Symposium on Olfaction and Taste (ISOT) to be held in San Francisco, CA, July 21-26, 2008. Optimum health, functioning and nutritional status are key to the quality of life in the older American. More than 35 million Americans are over the age of 60, and the oldest old represent the fastest growing segment of the American population. Older persons are more frequent consumers of health care services and, when health fails, of long-term care facilities. The costs of these services are rising. Impairment of taste and olfactory function can negatively impact dietary selection, nutritional status, morbidity and mortality in older persons. Aging is accompanied by significant impairment in chemosensory function. Patients with Alzheimer's disease exhibit particularly profound loss in olfactory function. Yet, despite significant losses in chemosensory function in aging and dementia, little is understood about the mechanisms underlying this impairment. This application proposes to enhance the ISOT 2008 meeting by inviting scientists from outside the chemical senses to focus attention on chemosensory aging, encourage the use of genetic, cellular and molecular biological techniques to investigate mechanisms of aging, highlight findings in other sensory systems important for understanding chemosensory aging, stimulate new, innovative research directed at chemosensory aging, and foster education about chemosensory aging. In exploring mechanisms underlying aging and longevity, adult neurogenesis, neurodegenerative diseases, age-related impairment in other sensory and motor systems; the symposia supported by this application will facilitate greater understanding of chemosensory aging and stimulate new, innovative research into its underlying mechanisms. A better understanding of chemosensory function in aging may suggest avenues to address age-related impairment. While frailty and weight loss in the elderly are poor prognostic factors for debility and mortality, epidemic increase in middle-aged obesity with associated cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and the "metabolic syndrome" is creating an enormous public health burden with grave implications for the next generation of older adults. Middle-aged obese individuals have a higher risk of nursing home admission in late life and reducing obesity rates may thus reduce the later societal burden of nursing home care of the elderly. Clear elucidation of age-related changes in chemosensory function may suggest avenues to modulate food intake, obesity in middle aged and frailty in older adults. Investigation of the underlying mechanisms for the profound impairment in olfactory function in Alzheimer's disease may contribute to an understanding of the disease process and to potential interventions. Support is requested for symposia focused on mechanisms of aging at the International Symposium on Olfaction and Taste (ISOT) to be held in San Francisco, CA, July 21-26, 2008 in order to invite scientists from outside the chemical senses to focus attention on the understudied area of mechanisms underlying impairment in chemosensory function in aging, encourage the use of genetic, cellular and molecular biological techniques to investigate mechanisms of chemosensory aging and neurogenesis and longevity, highlight findings in other sensory systems important for understanding chemosensory function in aging and Alzheimer's disease, and stimulate new, innovative research directed at understanding the mechanisms of chemosensory aging. The impairment in olfactory and taste function seen in the elderly can negatively impact dietary selection, nutritional status, morbidity and mortality in older persons; and the consequences associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and the "metabolic syndrome" are creating an enormous public health burden with grave implications for the next generation of older adults. Clear elucidation of age-related changes in chemosensory function may suggest avenues to modulate food intake, obesity in middle age and frailty in older adults. [unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable]
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0.958 |
2013 — 2017 |
Cronan, Thereasa A [⬀] Murphy, Claire L |
R25Activity Code Description: For support to develop and/or implement a program as it relates to a category in one or more of the areas of education, information, training, technical assistance, coordination, or evaluation. |
Sdsu Adar Program @ San Diego State University
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): San Diego State University (SDSU) proposes to establish a National Institute of Aging MSTEM: Advancing Diversity in Aging Research (ADAR) Undergraduate Education Program to increase the number of highly qualified underrepresented racial and ethnic minority, disabled, and disadvantaged students who enter Ph.D. programs focused on aging research. Many highly qualified students at SDSU are enrolled in undergraduate programs that lead to degrees in aging disciplines. SDSU faculty and administrators, in collaboration with University of California, San Diego (UCSD) faculty, have designed a unique program that provides students with 3-years of hands-on research and a set of co-curricular activities to prepare scholars for entry into, and successful completion of, Ph.D. programs in aging fields. Our strategies for preparing these students include close hands-on research experience, building a cohesive student group, a high-level academic experience, and frequent contact with faculty at both SDSU and UCSD. Specific components of the program are: 1) involvement in faculty-mentored aging research for 3 years; 2) intramural summer aging research experience (two summers) that include scholarly activities; 3) extramural aging research at a major research institution (one summer); 4) research-intensive curricula; 5) ADAR scholar colloquia; 6) minor in gerontology; 7) seminar series with visiting scientists with expertise in aging research; 8) preparation for graduate exams; and 9) graduate school placement activities. SDSU has developed a strong partnership with the UCSD in training students in research. The proposed program will offer ADAR students outstanding opportunities for collaborative research.
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0.958 |
2019 — 2021 |
Murphy, Claire L |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Olfactory and Visual Dysfunction as Potential Predictors of Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease @ San Diego State University
Simple odor identification tests reveal reduced ability to identify odors in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in populations at risk for AD because of the ApoE e4 allele, MCI, and a family history of AD. Neuropathology in olfactory areas in AD is well established in post-mortem tissue and in a few structural MRI studies. While impairment in olfaction is known to occur in AD and in those at risk for AD, its sensitivity and specificity, based on simple odor identification tests, has not been sufficient to render it a serious biomarker. Critical research is needed to test the sensitivity of impairment in the olfactory system to signal risk for AD. This will require careful consideration of the methods for testing olfactory system integrity that go beyond simple odor identification tests. Similarly, there is significant evidence to support a difference in retinal thinning between normally aging individuals AD; however whether this measure is predictive of development of MCI or AD in amyloid positive, cognitively normal individuals in unknown. There is a clear need to investigate whether assessment of multiple sensory modalities in conjunction with CSF and imaging markers will improve the detection of preclinical AD. This project aims to address this need using a multimodal approach. It will investigate whether olfactory or visual function or a combination better reflects the presence of CSF biomarkers or structural MRI markers of AD in preclinical AD. Building on a foundation of preliminary data, the project will investigate the underlying cortical structures and neural networks that serve odor recognition memory, remote odor memory and odor identification in individuals with CSF markers that reflect preclinical AD, using fMRI and functional connectivity. The project will develop a deeper understanding of the potential for sensory dysfunction to predict preclinical AD.
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0.958 |