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High-probability grants
According to our matching algorithm, Josef G. Trapani is the likely recipient of the following grants.
Years |
Recipients |
Code |
Title / Keywords |
Matching score |
2015 — 2018 |
Trapani, Josef |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Collaborative Research: Gaba a Receptor Control of Hyperactivity in Developing Zebrafish
Walking and swimming are produced by the coordinated activity of brain cells called neurons that communicate with each other using chemical signals known as neurotransmitters. The chemical signals are passed from one neuron to another across a network of neurons in the brain, then on to neurons in the spinal cord, and finally, the signal is passed to muscles. Some neurotransmitters increase neuron activity, whereas others decrease neuron activity. It is not known how different neurotransmitters balance their effects to coordinate neuron network activity and enable normal locomotion. The goal of this project is to investigate the role of one particular neurotransmitter in the brain to better understand how it regulates locomotion. The project will be carried out using zebrafish because this vertebrate animal has a more simple brain and spinal cord organization than mammals, and it is transparent, which makes it easy to examine under a microscope. Due to the many similarities in neurotransmitters and locomotor networks between zebrafish and mammals, this work can have wide-reaching implications. This project is a collaboration between four faculty researchers from three colleges. Undergraduates at each institution will participate in the research and have access to the expertise across institutions. The research team, including faculty, graduate and undergraduate students, will perform teaching demonstrations about neuroscience at nearby middle and high schools, and students from these schools will visit the investigators' laboratories. Through this outreach effort, 300-600 primarily underrepresented minority middle and high school students will be exposed to scientists and neuroscience.
The central hypothesis that will be tested in this project is that, during early larval stages, a limited number of gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) type A receptor isoforms regulate locomotor networks through a small number of hindbrain reticulospinal neurons. To test this hypothesis, the expression of GABA-A receptor subunits will be determined, the effects of genetic inactivation of GABA-A receptor subunits on locomotor network activity and behavior will be investigated, and the contribution of select hindbrain neurons in generating GABA-A receptor-mediated hyperactive behavior will be assessed. These studies will be carried out in genetically modified zebrafish using microscopy, electrophysiological recordings, quantitative analysis of locomotor behavior, and a novel photochemical approach that enables control of specific GABA-A receptors using different wavelengths of light.
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0.915 |
2016 |
Trapani, Josef George |
R15Activity Code Description: Supports small-scale research projects at educational institutions that provide baccalaureate or advanced degrees for a significant number of the Nation’s research scientists but that have not been major recipients of NIH support. The goals of the program are to (1) support meritorious research, (2) expose students to research, and (3) strengthen the research environment of the institution. Awards provide limited Direct Costs, plus applicable F&A costs, for periods not to exceed 36 months. This activity code uses multi-year funding authority; however, OER approval is NOT needed prior to an IC using this activity code. |
Sensory Encoding in Hair Cells of the Zebrafish Lateral Line
The process by which the auditory system encodes low-frequency sounds such as those produced by the human voice and a grand piano is not entirely understood. Our long-term goal is to determine how hair cell sensory receptors encode stimulus features into representative sequences of electrical activity in sensory afferent neurons. Understanding this process relies on understanding how intrinsic hair-cell mechanisms contribute to encoded activity. The overall objective of this proposal is to examine sensory encoding in the lateral line system of larval zebrafish. Specifically, the central hypothesis of this proposal is that lateral-line hair cells encode stimulus intensity and duration within defined temporal patterns of afferent activity. The hypothesis was formulated through preliminary experiments on both wild type and transgenic larvae with hair-cell expression of the optogenetic protein, channelrhodhopsin-2 (ChR2), which allows for optical stimulation of hair cells instead of via activation of MET channels with mechanical stimuli. The central hypothesis will be tested with the following two specific aims: 1) Determine the relationship between stimulus features and activity parameters, which include the onset of activity, total amount of activity and the temporal patterns of the activity in wild type larvae; and 2) Compare neuron activity parameters between mechanical and optical stimulation of hair cells in transgenic larvae. Aim 1 will examine the dependence of activity parameters during manipulation of stimulus intensity, duration, and repetition. Experiments in Aim 2 will compare mechanically and optically evoked activity in two different transgenic zebrafish lines that combine optogenetics with wild type data to provide insight into the contribution of intrinsic hair-cell mechanisms on the parameters of afferent neuron activity. The rationale for this proposal is that examination of the relationship between input stimulus features and output activity parameters will further our understanding of auditory perception. The approach is innovative as it utilizes an in vivo approach with electrophysiology on single afferent neurons together with optogenetics to investigate low-frequency encoding in an intact larval zebrafish. Given the importance of low frequency auditory information, and that hair cells are remarkably conserved across vertebrates, our findings will be significant for understanding the function of the mammalian auditory system and will have a positive impact on the treatment of deafness and communication disorders, including the development of cochlear implants that can reliably encode low-frequency information.
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