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High-probability grants
According to our matching algorithm, John M. Orem is the likely recipient of the following grants.
Years |
Recipients |
Code |
Title / Keywords |
Matching score |
1985 |
Orem, John M |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Breathing in Sleep @ Texas Tech University Health Scis Center
The study of breathing in sleep is clinically and scientifically important. Sleep apnea has a high incidence that increases with age. This application proposes study of respiration in sleep-wakefulness. We want to understand how breathing is automatically excited in wakefulness, how voluntary control of breathing occurs, and how REM and NREM sleep breathing patterns develop. This research involves study of respiration in chronic animals. We will test these hypotheses: 1) That respiratory neurons vary in the strength and consistency of their respiratory activity and that neurons having weak and inconsistent respiratory signals mediate state effects on the respiratory system. We will quantify the respiratory value of respiratory activity and relate this value to changes across states. 2) That the respiratory system functions differently depending on the sleep posture, and that the respiratory system, as other motor systems, is controlled in REM sleep by state-specific processes. We will study the effect of sleep posture on intercostal muscle activity, and we will determine whether pontine lesions that eliminate the atonia of some muscles in REM sleep also eliminate intercostal and upper airway atonia in that state. 3) That midbrain regions mediating arousal have direct connections with brainstem respiratory areas and that these connections cause an automatic facilitation of breathing in wakefulness. We will inject horseradish peroxidase into brainstem respiratory areas and look for transport into the midbrain. If mesencephalopontine and mesencephalobulbar projections exist, the behavior of the parent midbrain cells will be studied in sleep-wakefulness. 4) That animals can be conditioned to voluntarily control their breathing. This is the first step for studying the voluntary control of breathing.
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1 |
1986 — 1999 |
Orem, John M |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Behavioral Control of Breathing @ Texas Tech University Health Scis Center
Respiration depends upon brainstem neuronal circuits that produce the respiratory rhythm and relay it, through the ventrolateral columns, to motor neurons in the spinal cord. This brainstem system produces respiration automatically, i.e., without conscious effort, and is responsive to chemical and mechanical stimuli that signal imbalances in respiratory homeostasis. In addition to this automatic/metabolic respiratory system, there is a voluntary/behavioral system that controls the respiratory muscles during speaking, breath holding, and other voluntary respirabory acts. Recent results from our laboratory showed that the voluntary/behavioral system interacts with respiratory cells that are part of the automatic/metabolic system. Cats were trained to halt inspiration abruptly and to prolong the following expiration when a tone sounded. Recordings of brainstem respiratory neurons showed that their activity patterns were analogous to the behavioral respiratory response, indicating there was interaction of the voluntary/behavioral system with the automatic/metabolic system, but these recordings did not show which cells might produce the shortened inspiration and the prolonged expiration. The long-term objective is to discover the neural mechanisms of voluntary/behavioral respiratory responses. The specific aims are to record and analyze the activity of three groups of respiratory cells, each of which may have a role in either the inhibition of inspiration or the switching of the respiratory cycle from one phase to the other--necessary acts in the performance of the behavioral respiratory response. These three groups are: 1) the expiratory cells in the region of the retrofacial nucleus, 2) the inspiratory cells of the ventrolateral nucleus of tractus solitarius, and 3) the phase-spanning cells of the pontine pneumotaxic center. For these experiments, cats will be trained to stop inspiration and prolong expiration when a tone sounds. Single neurons within the three specified groups will be recorded while the animals perform these responses. Cells mediating the response should be activated during the task. Our goal is to identify the cells that inhibit inspiration and prolong expiration when the animals produce these behavioral responses.
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1 |