1998 — 2001 |
Crnic, Keith A |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Children With Mr: Families Processes and Dual Diagnosis @ Pennsylvania State University-Univ Park
DESCRIPTION: Children with mental retardation are four to five times as likely to have psychiatric disorders as are non-disabled children (Pfeiffer & Baker, 1994) yet study of this phenomenon in children has been limited. It is unclear whether the primary risk for dual diagnosis is a function of factors that are endogenous or exogenous. Nevertheless, it seems likely that family functioning may play a critical role in the eventual emergence of psychiatric disorder, particularly through its influence on developing self-regulatory skills. There are five primary aims to the proposed research: 1) to identify family processes that contribute to the development of behavior disorders in young children with mental retardation; 2) to identify family processes that promote social, behavioral, and emotional competence in these children; 33) to identify factors related to the development of behavior and emotion regulation in young children with mental retardation; 4) to determine the contribution of children's developmental state (particularly regulatory and cognitive abilities) to the emergence of comorbid behavior disorders, and 5) to compare these processes to those of normally developing children and their families. A dual-site prospective study of 120 families of young children (from age 3 to 5 years) with developmental delays is proposed. A comparison sample of CA-matched normally developing children and their families will also participate (N=120). At 36, 48, and 60 months extensive interview data will be obtained, addressing family functioning. Naturalistic home observations, detailing family interaction patterns and quality of relationships, will be conducted when children are 36, 42, 48, and 54 months of age. Further, structured laboratory assessments of parent-child interaction and children's self-regulatory behaviors will be conducted at both 36 and 48 months. Finally, at 60 months of child age, assessments of children's psychiatric status, developmental abilities, and self-regulatory skills will be accomplished. This research will detail the complex interrelations between children's developmental status, family relationships, and the emergence of dual diagnosis conditions during early childhood.
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0.97 |
2002 — 2006 |
Crnic, Keith A |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Children With Mr: Families Processes and Dual Diagnosis @ Pennsylvania State University-Univ Park
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Children with mental retardation are four to five times as likely to have psychiatric disorders as are non-disabled children (Pfeiffer & Baker, 1994), although there has been relatively little study of the phenomenon beyond the basic epidemiology of the phenomenon. Our currently ongoing, prospective, longitudinal investigation is among the first to address multiple processes involved in the emergence of dual diagnosis in young children. The proposed continuation seeks to extend our investigation of early family processes and child self-regulatory competence into the middle childhood period (ages 6 to 9) when risk for most childhood psychiatric disorder is greatest, and adds school relationships and functioning to the predictive model. There are five primary aims to this proposed continuation: (1) to determine the dynamic influences of early and ongoing family processes and child regulatory capacities on the development of behavior disorders during middle childhood in children with mental retardation; (2) to identify those dynamic family processes that operate across the early to middle childhood period that promote social, behavioral, and emotional competence in these children; (3) to identify the role of school climate and school-based social and emotional competence across time on children's regulatory behavior and dual diagnosis status; (4) to assess the continuity in children's developmental state (particularly regulatory and cognitive abilities) across this period, and determine its contribution to the emergence of co-morbid behavior disorders; and (5) to continue to compare the above processes to those of a matched sample of normally developing children and their families. We propose to follow our current sample of 220 families (100 of which have children with a significant developmental delay) across the middle childhood ages of 6 to 9 years. We also propose to collect a new cohort of 80 children (between the age of 5 and 6) and their families, all of whom will meet criteria for having significant developmental delay. This research will detail the complex interplay of child developmental status, family and school functioning, self-regulatory capacity, and the emergence of dual diagnosis conditions during the high risk period of middle childhood.
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1 |
2009 — 2013 |
Crnic, Keith A Gonzales, Nancy A (co-PI) [⬀] Luecken, Linda J [⬀] |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Coregulatory Processes and Postpartum Depression in Mexican-Americans @ Arizona State University-Tempe Campus
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The consequences of postpartum depression (PPD) extend far beyond the mother's mental health, and can have severe detrimental effects on marital relationships, parenting abilities, mother-infant bonding, and infant health and development. Although Latinos are the fastest growing population group in the US, few studies of PPD have been conducted with Latina women. Existing studies suggest a significantly elevated vulnerability to PPD for low income ethnic minority women. However, the trajectories of onset and recovery have not been well- described, and little is known about the influence of cultural-ecological risk and protective factors. Further, most research has failed to consider the fundamental role of the newborn baby and the ability of mother-infant interactions to influence the onset and course of PPD. This study will evaluate a community sample of 330 low-income Mexican American first- time mothers from the prenatal period through the first postpartum year. The development of PPD and the process of recovery will be examined using well-validated symptom and clinically diagnostic measures. Culturally-ecological factors will be examined that may either confer risk or offer protection from PPD. Repeated home observations of mother-infant interactions will be collected in the critical first 6 months following childbirth. The bio-psychosocial process by which mothers and infants co-regulate each other's emotions, behavior, and physiology will be analyzed and used to predict the longitudinal course of PPD over the first year. Findings will significantly enhance understanding of the impact of culturally-relevant risk and protective factors on the onset and course of PPD in a highly vulnerable population, and will identify innovative targets (e.g., mother-infant interactions) for future interventions. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Postpartum mood disorders, primarily depression, affect a large number of new mothers. Estimates range from 10-15 percent in general population samples. However, striking health disparities are evident in studies evaluating low-income and/or ethnic minority mothers, for whom prevalence rates from 24-49 percent have been reported. A large research literature documents the substantial detrimental public health impact of postpartum depression, not just for women, but for their partners and children as well. According to the World Health Organization (2007), depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, and the fourth leading contributor to worldwide burden of disease. Infants and children of mothers who are depressed, especially those experiencing social disadvantage, face considerable short and long-term disadvantage, including lower birth weight, poorer cognitive development, higher rates of behavioral and social problems, and more frequent emotional problems. In Arizona, the largest percentages of new births are to Hispanic women, of whom the majority is classified as low-income. Population birth trends in Arizona (and the US as a whole), the magnitude of the public health impact of postpartum mood disorders, and the significant mental health disparities new Hispanic mothers experience argue for the critical need for further understanding of processes affecting the development of postpartum mood disorders in low-income Mexican American women.
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1 |
2011 |
Crnic, Keith A Gonzales, Nancy A (co-PI) [⬀] Luecken, Linda J [⬀] |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Coregulatory Processes and Postpartum Depression in Low-Income Mexican Americans @ Arizona State University-Tempe Campus
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The consequences of postpartum depression (PPD) extend far beyond the mother's mental health, and can have severe detrimental effects on parenting abilities, mother-infant bonding, and infant health and development. Although Latinos are the fastest growing population group in the U.S., few studies of PPD have been conducted with Latina women. Existing studies suggest a significantly elevated vulnerability to PPD for low income ethnic minority women, which translates into an elevated risk for their children. However, most research has failed to consider the fundamental role of the newborn baby and the ability of mother-infant interactions to influence the onset and course of PPD, as well as the consequences for infant and child development. The parent grant for this supplemental proposal is evaluating a community sample of 330 low-income Mexican American new mothers from the prenatal period through the first postpartum year to assess the development of PPD, cultural-ecological factors that may either confer risk or offer protection from PPD, and the biopsychosocial process by which maternal depression influences and is influenced by mother-infant co-regulation of each other's emotions, behavior, and physiology. We propose to extend these aims by the addition of comprehensive measurement of infant temperament, attachment, and cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functioning through 2 years of age. This project takes the dynamic perspective that PPD influences infant development at the same time that infant development influences PPD. In short, a culturally-informed understanding of the impact of PPD on infant functioning has important reciprocal implications for the health and well-being of Mexican American new mothers. Collection of this additional data will enable a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of PPD and its effects on mothers and infants, but also allows an extra year of data collection to better support the future submission of a proposal to longitudinally follow of this critical population with documented health disparity for PPD. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: A large research literature documents the substantial detrimental public health impact of postpartum depression. Infants and children of mothers who are depressed, especially those experiencing social disadvantage, face considerable short and long-term disadvantage, including lower birth weight, poorer cognitive development, higher rates of behavioral and social problems, and more frequent emotional problems. Population birth trends and the significant mental health disparities new Hispanic mothers and their infants experience argue for the critical need for further understanding of processes affecting the development of postpartum mood disorders in low-income Mexican American women and the consequences for their children.
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1 |
2014 — 2018 |
Crnic, Keith A Gonzales, Nancy A (co-PI) [⬀] Luecken, Linda J [⬀] |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Emerging Regulatory Capacity in Low-Income Mexican American Children @ Arizona State University-Tempe Campus
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The identification of early life precursors to psychopathology in a high risk population has considerable promise for efforts to mitigate the public health burden of mental disorders. Hispanic children, members of the fastest growing ethnic group in the US, are more than twice as likely as non-Hispanic white children to be raised in poverty, and considerable research documents deleterious effects of poverty and ethnic minority status on brain development, stress physiology, development of social and emotional regulatory capacity, and lifespan mental and physical health. To better understand developmental precursors to psychopathology in very low- income ethnic minority children, we propose to capitalize on data collected by an NIMH-funded longitudinal study of Mexican American mothers and infants (Las Madres Nuevas) that addressed maternal mental health and mother-infant coregulation across the first two postpartum years. The proposed project will focus on the children from Las Madres Nuevas as they approach a critical developmental transition period (ages 3-6). We will chart trajectories of cognitive, emotional, social, and behavioral competence, with the goal of early identification and predication of points at which elevated risk for disorder emerges. Our project will focus on the emergence of self-regulatory skills from early life mother-infant coregulation as a central mechanism by which early life risk factors translate into lifespan health outcomes for low-income children. The development of self- regulatory ability is a critical foundation for lifespan mental health, but Hispanic children and children from disadvantaged environments are at risk of impaired self-regulatory skills as they enter kindergarten. Our scientific approach emphasizes the cultural embeddedness of development, with the view that child outcomes must be examined with attention to cultural forces that shape and give meaning to self-regulation and mental health. We also address the role of early life biological susceptibility in shaping children's developing regulatory skills. In combination, this project holds great potential to address central questions about cultural, biological, and environmental contributions to adaptive regulatory capacity; identify early precursors to psychopathology in a high risk ethnic group; and enhance opportunities for translation to treatment and prevention.
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1 |