Area:
Physiological Psychology
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High-probability grants
According to our matching algorithm, Robin B. Kanarek is the likely recipient of the following grants.
Years |
Recipients |
Code |
Title / Keywords |
Matching score |
1985 — 1986 |
Kanarek, Robin B |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Dietary Obesity: Behavioral and Metabolic Interactions @ Tufts University Medford
Recent awareness that environmental factors, particularly those related to diet, may play an important role in the development of obesity in both man and animals, has led to increasing interest in models of dietary-induced obesity. Work in this and other laboratories has shown that allowing rats access to a palatale sugar solution and nutritionally complete diet leads to the development of obesity. Animals maintained on this dietary regime consume more energy and are more metabolically efficient than animals given only the complete diet. The research in this proposal will investigate in more detail the importance of excess caloric intake and sugar consumption to the development of obesity and diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT). One of the aims of this proposal is to explore the possibility that the different monosaccharide components of sucrose may have different effects on lipogenesis. We will test the hypothesis that fructose stimulates lipogenesis in white adipose tissue, while glucose excerts a greater effect on brown adipose tissue (BAT). We propose that the mediating mechanism in sucrose-induced obesity is insulin. It is hypothesized that manipulations which elevate insulin levels will be associated with increased metabolic efficiency and obesity, while those that decrease insulin will attenuate the development of sucrose-induced obesity. It has been hypothesized that the increase in the percentage of sugar in the American diet over the past several decades has contributed to the increased prevalence of obesity also seen during this period. Thus our model of sucrose-induced obesity may be very appropriate for human obesity, as sugar is frequently consumed as a single nutrient source.
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1 |
1994 — 1996 |
Kanarek, Robin B |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Dietary Modulation of Actions of Opiate Drugs @ Tufts University Medford
The experiments proposed in this application will establish the role of dietary variables in 1) modulating the behavioral actions of opiate drugs, and 2) altering the functioning of the endogenous opioid system in rats. It is hypothesized that the intake of palatable sugars and/or fats increases endogenous opioid levels and/or opiate receptor binding affinity which in turn modifies the actions of exogenous opiates on behavior. This proposal will investigate the role of sucrose, saccharin and dietary fats on pain sensitivity and opioid-induced analgesia using both the tail flick and hot plate tests. Initial studies will delineate which aspect of these nutritional variables are most important for their impact on opioid-mediated behaviors. Studies investigating the role of pre- and post-ingestive effects of diet will indicate whether the taste of palatable substance is a sufficient stimulus for altering pain sensitivity or if ingestion of the solution is required. The pharmacological processes underlying dietary modulation of opioid drug actions will be addressed in studies investigating the effects of diet on the actions of selective peripherally and centrally administered opioid agonists and antagonists. Additionally, the effects of diets on opiate receptor binding will be determined in vivo using "apparent" pA2 values. The endogenous opioid systems has been implicated as important in mediating a variety of behaviors, as well as responses to noxious stimuli. Studies will be conducted to assess if diet can also alter the effects of opiate drugs on these behaviors. For example, it has been hypothesized that eating palatable foods activates the endogenous opioid system which may stimulate further intake of appetizing foods. This hypothesis will be tested y examining the effects of opiate agonists and antagonist on energy intake in rats given prior exposure to palatable foods. Diet also may moderate the experiences of drug tolerance and withdrawal. To address this issue, the effects of diet on the development of tolerance and the symptoms of withdrawal and precipitated abstinence will be tested. A unique relationship exists between palatable foods and both exogenous and endogenous opioids. This relationship has implications for a number of clinical problems including pain management, eating disorders and drug addiction. Opiate drugs are among the most potent pain relievers. However, they tend to be administered in less than effective doses because clinicians are concerned about the potential for tolerance and addiction. The relationship between diet and opiate drugs has important implications for the basic understanding of the endogenous opioid system. The studies proposed in this application also raise the possibility that simple dietary manipulations could be valuable in the treatment of a variety of drug-related problems.
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1 |
1998 — 2002 |
Kanarek, Robin B |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
Actions of Opiate Drugs--Dietary Modulation @ Tufts University Boston
DESCRIPTION: (Applicant's Abstract) The endogenous opioid system is important for energy balance, that is, food intake and exercise. Opioid agonists increase food intake while antagonists decrease food intake. However, opioids do not uniformly affect intake of all types of foods. Rather intake of palatable foods and fluids is altered to a greater degree than intake of less palatable items. A reciprocal relationship may exist between opioids and intake of palatable fare. Intake of preferred foods moderates the behavioral consequences of opioid drugs. Similarly, exercise can mediate the effects of opioid drugs. It is hypothesized that both palatable comestibles and exercise act directly on the endogenous opioid system to influence the actions of opioids. The primary goal of this proposal is to elucidate the role of diet and exercise in moderating the behavioral outcomes of opioid agents. First, the effects of intake of palatable fluids on opioid-induced analgesia will be examined. Experiments will investigate the role of palatable ingesta in modulating the antinociceptive actions of peripherally and centrally administered opioid agonists using several tests of nociception. Second, similar experiments will be conducted to illustrate the interaction between exercise and opioid-induced analgesia. The conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm has been used to measure the rewarding effects of drugs. The CPP paradigm will be used to determine whether intake of palatable fluids or exercise changes the rewarding effects of morphine and other opioid agents. Additionally, other studies will examine whether these factors can moderate the development of a conditioned place aversion to opioid antagonists. Intake of palatable foods may increase opioid receptor binding. If this is the case, animals with a history of consuming these foods should be more sensitive to the orexigenic actions of opioid agonists, and the anorectic effects of opioid antagonists. To test this theory, the actions of centrally and peripherally administered opioid agonists and antagonists on appetitive behaviors will be examined in animals with prior experience consuming palatable fluids. The relationship between diet and exercise and opioid drugs has implications for both the basic understanding of the endogenous opioid system, and a number of clinically relevant problems including pain management, eating disorders, and drug addiction.
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1 |