| Rodolphus Agricola | Philosophy | | | 1484 | Johann von Dalberg (post-doc) |
| Kevin Allen | Spatial Memory, Electrophysiology | | | | |
| Alois Alzheimer | Psychiatry, neuropathology | | | | Franz Nissl (grad student) |
| Yoshinori Aso | | Department of Neurobiology IZN | 2005 | 2007 | Hilmar Bading (grad student) |
| Hilmar Bading | | | | | |
| Carlos Bas Orth | | | | | |
| Konrad Beyreuther | Alzheimer and other neurodegenerative diseases | | | | |
| Walter Bräutigam | | | | | |
| Andreas Bubis | Motile cilia, ependyma, lentivirus, WD-repeat proteins, RNAi, cell adhesion, retina, IG superfamily CAMs | | | | |
| Sidney Cambridge | Neurobiology | | | | |
| Matthias Carl | | | | | |
| John Bates Clark | | | 1872 | 1875 | Karl Knies (grad student) |
| Winfried Denk | | | | | |
| Andreas Draguhn | hippocampus | | | | Bert Sakmann (grad student) |
| Roman E. L. Duelli | | | | | Wolfgang Kuschinsky (post-doc) |
| Alexei V. Egorov | Hippocampus, Entorhinal Cortex | | | | |
| Lórand Eötvös | physics | | | 1870 | Hermann von Helmholtz (grad student) |
| Wilhelm Heinrich Erb | Neurology | | | | Nikolaus Friedreich (post-doc) |
| David Ferrier | Neurology | | | | Wilhelm Wundt (grad student), Hermann von Helmholtz (grad student) |
| Herta Flor | pain | | | | |
| Nikolaus Friedreich | Neuropathology | | | | |
| Max Carl Anton Fürbringer | anatomy | | | 1877 | Carl Gegenbaur (research scientist) |
| Carl Friedrich Graumann | | | | | |
| Albrecht Haase | | | 2000 | 2005 | Joerg Schmiedmayer (grad student) |
| Tilmann Habermas | narrative; autobiographical memory; emotion; psychoanalysis | Psychology Psychosomatics | 1984 | 1988 | Carl Friedrich Graumann (grad student), Walter Bräutigam (grad student) |
| Shabab B. Hannan | Neuroscience | German Cancer Research Center | 2015 | 2016 | Thomas R. Jahn (research scientist) |
| Reka Agnes Haraszti | siRNA, miRNA, exosomes, stem cells, GvHD | | 2011 | 2012 | Michael Brunner (grad student) |
| Christian Hartmann | | | | | |
| Moritz Helmstaedter | connectomics | | | | Winfried Denk (post-doc) |
| Andreas V. Herz | Audition | | 1987 | 1990 | J. Leo Van Hemmen (grad student) |
| Thomas W. Holstein | | | | | |
| Eric Jacobi | olfaction | | | | Trese Leinders-Zufall (grad student) |
| Thomas R. Jahn | | | | | |
| Antonia M. Joussen | | Department of ophthalmology | | | Hans Eberhard Völcker (post-doc) |
| Thomas Kammer | Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation | | 1993 | 1995 | Manfred Spitzer (post-doc) |
| Oliver Kann | Neuronal Bioenergetics, Neuroimmunology | | | | |
| Muzamil Majid Khan | Neuromuscular Junction | | | | |
| Joachim Kirsch | | | | | |
| Ingrid Kreissig | Ophthalmology | | | | |
| Maria Mechthild Kreuzberg | | | | | |
| Rohini Kuner | | | | | |
| Thomas Kuner | | | | | |
| Stefan Kunze | | | | | Wolfgang Schiefer (grad student) |
| Wolfgang Kuschinsky | cerebral blood flow | | 1980 | 1980 | Louis Sokoloff (post-doc) |
| Ming-Fei Lang | Neuroscience | | | | |
| Stefan G. Lechner | Sensory biology, pain | | | | |
| Li Lu | Spatial navigation, Hippocampus, Entorhinal Cortex | | 2006 | 2008 | Hilmar Bading (grad student) |
| Martin H. Maurer | neural stem cells, cell differentiation | | 2003 | 2005 | Wolfgang Kuschinsky (post-doc), Russell L. Margolis (post-doc) |
| Wolf Mueller | | | | | |
| Hugo Münsterberg | Psychology | | | | |
| Franz Nissl | | | | | Johann Bernhard Aloys von Gudden (grad student) |
| Daniel Nunes | motor system, motor cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum | | | | |
| G. William Rebeck | Molecular mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease | | | | Konrad Beyreuther (post-doc) |
| Georg Ruge | anatomy, primatology | | | | Carl Gegenbaur (research scientist) |
| Edgar Salin | German economist. | | | | Alfred Weber (grad student) |
| Jochen Schacht | Inner Ear Biochemistry | | | | Joachim Knappe (grad student) |
| Elmar Schiebel | | | | | |
| Lucas Schirmer | Neurology, Neurobiology, Neuroimmunology, Neuropathology, Systems Biology | | | | |
| Katja Schmalenberger | | | | | Tory Eisenlohr-Moul (grad student) |
| Armin Schneider | | | 2000 | 2009 | Martin H. Maurer (collaborator), Wolfgang Kuschinsky (research assistant) |
| Christian Schultz | | | | | |
| Edwin R.A. Seligman | | | | 1881 | Karl Knies (grad student) |
| Jürgen-Markus Sobotzik | neuronal polarity | | | | Christian Schultz (grad student) |
| Surjo R. Soekadar | Neuroscience | Dept. of Neuropsychology | 2002 | 2005 | Herta Flor (grad student) |
| Elmer E. Southard | Neuropathology, psychiatry | | 1902 | 1904 | Emil Kraepelin (post-doc), Franz Nissl (post-doc) |
| Ernest Starling | physiology | | 1885 | | Wilhelm Kühne (research assistant) |
| Immanuel Tremellius | Hebrew | | | | |
| Johannes Trithemius | alchemy, magic | | | | |
| Klaus Unsicker | | | | | |
| Abhishek Upadhyay | Chronobiology, Proteomics | | | | |
| Johannes Vogel | | | | | Wolfgang Kuschinsky (post-doc) |
| Johann von Dalberg | Theology | | | | Johannes Trithemius (post-doc) |
| Richard von Krafft-Ebing | Psychiatry | | | 1863 | Nikolaus Friedreich (grad student) |
| Alfred Weber | German economist, sociologist and theoretician of culture whose work was influential in the development of modern economic geography. | | | | |
| Simon Wiegert | Synaptic plasticity | | | | Hilmar Bading (grad student) |
| Jacob Wimpheling | theology | | | | |