Ian Neath, PhD - Publications

Affiliations: 
Psychology Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada 
Area:
memory
Website:
http://memory.psych.mun.ca/lab/camel.shtml

100 high-probability publications. We are testing a new system for linking publications to authors. You can help! If you notice any inaccuracies, please sign in and mark papers as correct or incorrect matches. If you identify any major omissions or other inaccuracies in the publication list, please let us know.

Year Citation  Score
2024 Higdon KF, Neath I, Surprenant AM, Ensor TM. EXPRESS: Distinctiveness, Not Dual Coding, Explains the Picture-Superiority Effect. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006). 17470218241235520. PMID 38360549 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241235520  0.554
2023 Bireta TJ, Guitard D, Neath I, Surprenant AM. Valence and concreteness in item recognition: Evidence against the affective embodiment account. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. PMID 38151693 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-023-02442-8  0.693
2023 Guitard D, Miller LM, Neath I, Roodenrys S. Set size and the orthographic/phonological neighbourhood size effect in serial recognition: The importance of randomization. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology = Revue Canadienne De Psychologie Experimentale. PMID 37917425 DOI: 10.1037/cep0000320  0.377
2023 MacDermid AE, Duggan VA, Miller BL, Neath I, Surprenant AM. Irrelevant speech, changing state, and order information. Memory & Cognition. PMID 37326785 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-023-01437-z  0.689
2022 Ensor TM, Surprenant AM, Neath I, Hockley WE. Using preexperimental familiarity to compare the ICE and cue-overload accounts of context-dependent memory in item recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition. PMID 36227292 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001169  0.811
2022 Guitard D, Saint-Aubin J, Neath I. EXPRESS: Additional Evidence that Valence Does Not Affect Serial Recall. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006). 17470218221126635. PMID 36073985 DOI: 10.1177/17470218221126635  0.351
2022 MacMillan MB, Ensor TM, Surprenant AM, Neath I. Stimulus-based mirror effects in associative recognition revisited. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology = Revue Canadienne De Psychologie Experimentale. PMID 35816581 DOI: 10.1037/cep0000285  0.819
2022 MacMillan MB, Field HR, Neath I, Surprenant AM. Valence does not affect recognition. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology = Revue Canadienne De Psychologie Experimentale. PMID 35286110 DOI: 10.1037/cep0000275  0.705
2021 Neath I, Hockley WE, Ensor TM. Stimulus-based mirror effects revisited. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition. PMID 34672663 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000901  0.814
2021 Neath I. Memory without retrieval: Testing the direct-access account of the missing item task. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology = Revue Canadienne De Psychologie Experimentale. PMID 34291986 DOI: 10.1037/cep0000263  0.438
2021 Bireta TJ, Guitard D, Neath I, Surprenant AM. Valence does not affect serial recall. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology = Revue Canadienne De Psychologie Experimentale. 75: 35-47. PMID 33856824 DOI: 10.1037/cep0000239  0.752
2021 Ensor TM, MacMillan MB, Neath I, Surprenant AM. Calculating semantic relatedness of lists of nouns using WordNet path length. Behavior Research Methods. PMID 33846964 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-021-01570-0  0.829
2021 Neath I, Quinlan PT. The item/order account of word frequency effects: Evidence from serial order tests. Memory & Cognition. PMID 33786773 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-021-01144-7  0.314
2021 Macmillan MB, Neath I, Surprenant AM. Re-assessing age of acquisition effects in recognition, free recall, and serial recall. Memory & Cognition. PMID 33558995 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-021-01137-6  0.757
2020 Chubala CM, Ensor TM, Neath I, Surprenant AM. Dynamic Visual Noise Does Not Affect Memory for Fonts. Experimental Psychology. 67: 161-168. PMID 32900298 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/A000491  0.806
2020 Neath I, Surprenant AM. Concreteness and disagreement: Comment on Pollock (2018). Memory & Cognition. PMID 31907863 DOI: 10.3758/S13421-019-00992-8  0.717
2020 Ensor TM, Surprenant AM, Neath I. Modeling list-strength and spacing effects using version 3 of the retrieving effectively from memory (REM.3) model and its superimposition-of-similar-images assumption. Behavior Research Methods. PMID 31898291 DOI: 10.3758/S13428-019-01324-Z  0.824
2019 Chubala CM, Ensor TM, Neath I, Surprenant AM. Dynamic visual noise affects ill-defined, not well-defined, images. Memory (Hove, England). 1-16. PMID 31726946 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2019.1691236  0.798
2019 Chubala CM, Guitard D, Neath I, Saint-Aubin J, Surprenant AM. Visual similarity effects in immediate serial recall and (sometimes) in immediate serial recognition. Memory & Cognition. PMID 31701325 DOI: 10.3758/S13421-019-00979-5  0.725
2019 Guitard D, Miller LM, Neath I, Roodenrys S. Does contextual diversity affect serial recall? Journal of Cognitive Psychology. 31: 379-396. DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2019.1626401  0.497
2018 Chubala CM, Neath I, Surprenant AM. A comparison of immediate serial recall and immediate serial recognition. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology = Revue Canadienne De Psychologie Experimentale. PMID 30556716 DOI: 10.1037/Cep0000158  0.764
2018 Neath I, Saint-Aubin J, Bireta TJ, Gabel AJ, Hudson CG, Surprenant AM. Short- and long-term memory tasks predict working memory performance, and vice versa. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology = Revue Canadienne De Psychologie Experimentale. PMID 30556715 DOI: 10.1037/Cep0000157  0.718
2018 Neath I, Surprenant AM. Set size and long-term memory/lexical effects in immediate serial recall: Testing the impurity principle. Memory & Cognition. PMID 30535585 DOI: 10.3758/S13421-018-0883-8  0.747
2018 Ensor TM, Surprenant AM, Neath I. Increasing word distinctiveness eliminates the picture superiority effect in recognition: Evidence for the physical-distinctiveness account. Memory & Cognition. PMID 30182328 DOI: 10.3758/S13421-018-0858-9  0.834
2018 Guitard D, Gabel AJ, Saint-Aubin J, Surprenant AM, Neath I. Word length, set size, and lexical factors: Re-examining what causes the word length effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition. PMID 29672112 DOI: 10.1037/Xlm0000551  0.728
2018 Chubala C, Surprenant AM, Neath I, Quinlan PT. Does dynamic visual noise eliminate the concreteness effect in working memory? Journal of Memory and Language. 102: 97-114. DOI: 10.1016/J.Jml.2018.05.009  0.774
2017 Bireta TJ, Gabel AJ, Lamkin RM, Neath I, Surprenant AM. Distinctiveness and serial position functions in implicit memory Journal of Cognitive Psychology. 30: 222-229. DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2017.1415344  0.746
2016 Neath I, Kelley MR, Surprenant AM. Three Semantic Serial Position Functions at the Same Time. Experimental Psychology. 63: 351-360. PMID 28059028 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/A000344  0.715
2016 Derraugh LS, Neath I, Surprenant AM, Beaudry O, Saint-Aubin J. The Effect of Lexical Factors on Recall From Working Memory: Generalizing the Neighborhood Size Effect. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology = Revue Canadienne De Psychologie Experimentale. PMID 27281676 DOI: 10.1037/Cep0000098  0.766
2015 Overstreet MF, Healy AF, Neath I. Further differentiating item and order information in semantic memory: students' recall of words from the "CU Fight Song", Harry Potter book titles, and Scooby Doo theme song. Memory (Hove, England). 1-15. PMID 26714832 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2015.1125928  0.473
2015 Kelley MR, Neath I, Surprenant AM. Serial Position Functions in General Knowledge. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition. PMID 26076327 DOI: 10.1037/Xlm0000141  0.669
2015 Quinlan JA, Neath I, Surprenant AM. Positional uncertainty in the Brown-Peterson paradigm. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology = Revue Canadienne De Psychologie ExpéRimentale. 69: 64-71. PMID 25730641 DOI: 10.1037/Cep0000038  0.773
2014 Neath I, VanWormer LA, Bireta TJ, Surprenant AM. From Brown-Peterson to continual distractor via operation span: A SIMPLE account of complex span. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology = Revue Canadienne De Psychologie ExpéRimentale. 68: 204-11. PMID 25383478 DOI: 10.1037/Cep0000018  0.73
2014 Kelley MR, Neath I, Surprenant AM. A remember-know analysis of the semantic serial position function. The American Journal of Psychology. 127: 137-45. PMID 24934006 DOI: 10.5406/Amerjpsyc.127.2.0137  0.758
2014 Beaudry O, Neath I, Surprenant AM, Tehan G. The focus of attention is similar to other memory systems rather than uniquely different. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 8: 56. PMID 24574996 DOI: 10.3389/Fnhum.2014.00056  0.725
2013 Kelley MR, Neath I, Surprenant AM. Three more semantic serial position functions and a SIMPLE explanation. Memory & Cognition. 41: 600-10. PMID 23263860 DOI: 10.3758/S13421-012-0286-1  0.758
2013 Surprenant AM, Neath I. Principles of memory Principles of Memory. 1-191. DOI: 10.4324/9780203848760  0.685
2013 Peynircioǧlu ZF, March JD, Surprenant AM, Neath I. Contrast and congruence effects in affective priming of words and melodies Psychology of Language and Communication. 17: 1-15. DOI: 10.2478/Plc-2013-0001  0.695
2012 VanWormer LA, Bireta TJ, Surprenant AM, Neath I. The effect of perceptual cues on inhibiting irrelevant information in older adults using a list-learning method. Experimental Aging Research. 38: 279-94. PMID 22540383 DOI: 10.1080/0361073X.2012.672131  0.67
2012 Neath I, Brown GD. Arguments Against Memory Trace Decay: A SIMPLE Account of Baddeley and Scott. Frontiers in Psychology. 3: 35. PMID 22347871 DOI: 10.3389/Fpsyg.2012.00035  0.451
2012 Neath I, Surprenant AM. Accounting for age-related differences in working memory using the feature model The Cognitive Neuroscience of Working Memory. DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198570394.003.0010  0.657
2011 Neath I, Saint-Aubin J. Further evidence that similar principles govern recall from episodic and semantic memory: the Canadian prime ministerial serial position function. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology = Revue Canadienne De Psychologie Expã©Rimentale. 65: 77-83. PMID 21668089 DOI: 10.1037/A0021998  0.567
2011 Surprenant AM, Brown MA, Jalbert A, Neath I, Bireta TJ, Tehan G. Backward recall and the word length effect. The American Journal of Psychology. 124: 75-86. PMID 21506452 DOI: 10.5406/Amerjpsyc.124.1.0075  0.776
2011 Jalbert A, Neath I, Surprenant AM. Does length or neighborhood size cause the word length effect? Memory & Cognition. 39: 1198-210. PMID 21461875 DOI: 10.3758/S13421-011-0094-Z  0.767
2011 Neath I, Earle A, Hallett D, Surprenant AM. Response time accuracy in Apple Macintosh computers. Behavior Research Methods. 43: 353-62. PMID 21416303 DOI: 10.3758/S13428-011-0069-9  0.587
2011 Ralph A, Walters JN, Stevens A, Fitzgerald KJ, Tehan G, Surprenant AM, Neath I, Turcotte J. Immunity to proactive interference is not a property of the focus of attention in working memory. Memory & Cognition. 39: 217-30. PMID 21264609 DOI: 10.3758/S13421-010-0030-7  0.707
2011 Jalbert A, Neath I, Bireta TJ, Surprenant AM. When does length cause the word length effect? Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 37: 338-53. PMID 21171805 DOI: 10.1037/A0021804  0.762
2010 Carroll LM, Jalbert A, Penney AM, Neath I, Surprenant AM, Tehan G. Evidence for proactive interference in the focus of attention of working memory. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology = Revue Canadienne De Psychologie Expã©Rimentale. 64: 208-14. PMID 20873917 DOI: 10.1037/A0021011  0.724
2010 Neath I. Evidence for similar principles in episodic and semantic memory: the presidential serial position function. Memory & Cognition. 38: 659-66. PMID 20551345 DOI: 10.3758/MC.38.5.659  0.5
2010 Bireta TJ, Fry SE, Jalbert A, Neath I, Surprenant AM, Tehan G, Tolan GA. Backward recall and benchmark effects of working memory. Memory & Cognition. 38: 279-91. PMID 20234018 DOI: 10.3758/Mc.38.3.279  0.786
2010 Guérard K, Neath I, Surprenant AM, Tremblay S. Distinctiveness in serial memory for spatial information. Memory & Cognition. 38: 83-91. PMID 19966241 DOI: 10.3758/Mc.38.1.83  0.71
2009 Guérard K, Jalbert A, Neath I, Surprenant AM, Bireta TJ. Irrelevant tapping and the acoustic confusion effect: the effect of spatial complexity. Experimental Psychology. 56: 367-74. PMID 19447753 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169.56.5.367  0.69
2009 Neath I, Guérard K, Jalbert A, Bireta TJ, Surprenant AM. Irrelevant speech effects and statistical learning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006). 62: 1551-9. PMID 19370483 DOI: 10.1080/17470210902795640  0.717
2008 Surprenant AM, Neath I, Bireta TJ, Allbritton DW. Directly assessing the relationship between irrelevant speech and irrelevant tapping. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology = Revue Canadienne De Psychologie Expã©Rimentale. 62: 141-9. PMID 18778142 DOI: 10.1037/1196-1961.62.3.141  0.715
2008 Beaman CP, Neath I, Surprenant AM. Modeling distributions of immediate memory effects: no strategies needed? Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 34: 219-29. PMID 18194064 DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.34.1.219  0.738
2008 Bireta TJ, Surprenant AM, Neath I. Age-related differences in the von restorff isolation effect. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006). 61: 345-52. PMID 17896205 DOI: 10.1080/17470210701626608  0.643
2008 Brown GDA, Chater N, Neath I. Serial and Free Recall: Common Effects and Common Mechanisms? A Reply to Murdock (2008) Psychological Review. 115: 781-785. DOI: 10.1037/A0012563  0.521
2008 Neath I, Surprenant AM. Short- vs. Long-Term Memory Advances in Psychology. 139: 21-31. DOI: 10.1016/S0166-4115(08)10003-6  0.715
2007 Brown GD, Neath I, Chater N. A temporal ratio model of memory. Psychological Review. 114: 539-76. PMID 17638496 DOI: 10.1037/0033-295X.114.3.539  0.54
2007 Farley LA, Neath I, Allbritton DW, Surprenant AM. Irrelevant speech effects and sequence learning. Memory & Cognition. 35: 156-65. PMID 17533889 DOI: 10.3758/Bf03195951  0.697
2007 Surprenant AM, Neath I, Bireta TJ. Changing state and the irrelevant sound effect Canadian Acoustics - Acoustique Canadienne. 35: 86-87.  0.557
2006 Surprenant AM, Neath I, Brown GD. Modeling age-related differences in immediate memory using SIMPLE. Journal of Memory and Language. 55: 572-586. PMID 18172514 DOI: 10.1016/J.Jml.2006.08.001  0.729
2006 Bireta TJ, Neath I, Surprenant AM. The syllable-based word length effect and stimulus set specificity. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 13: 434-8. PMID 17048727 DOI: 10.3758/Bf03193866  0.727
2006 Hulme C, Neath I, Stuart G, Shostak L, Surprenant AM, Brown GD. The distinctiveness of the word-length effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 32: 586-94. PMID 16719668 DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.32.3.586  0.718
2006 Neath I, Brown GD, McCormack T, Chater N, Freeman R. Distinctiveness models of memory and absolute identification: evidence for local, not global, effects. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006). 59: 121-35. PMID 16556562 DOI: 10.1080/17470210500162086  0.55
2006 Neath I, Brown GDA. SIMPLE: Further Applications of A Local Distinctiveness Model of Memory Psychology of Learning and Motivation - Advances in Research and Theory. 46: 201-243. DOI: 10.1016/S0079-7421(06)46006-0  0.54
2005 Surprenant AM, Kelley MR, Farley LA, Neath I. Fill-in and infill errors in order memory. Memory (Hove, England). 13: 267-73. PMID 15952260 DOI: 10.1080/09658210344000396  0.676
2005 Neath I, Fortin C. Is the interference between memory processing and timing specific to the use of verbal material? Memory (Hove, England). 13: 395-402. PMID 15948626 DOI: 10.1080/09658210344000288  0.546
2005 Neath I, Brown GD, Poirier M, Fortin C. Short-term and working memory: past, progress, and prospects. Memory (Hove, England). 13: 225-35. PMID 15948608 DOI: 10.1080/09608210344000689  0.457
2005 Neath I, Surprenant AM. Mechanisms of memory Handbook of Cognition. 221-240. DOI: 10.4135/9781848608177.n9  0.677
2004 Hulme C, Suprenant AM, Bireta TJ, Stuart G, Neath I. Abolishing the word-length effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 30: 98-106. PMID 14736299 DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.30.1.98  0.512
2003 Neath I, Farley LA, Surprenant AM. Directly assessing the relationship between irrelevant speech and articulatory suppression. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. a, Human Experimental Psychology. 56: 1269-78; discussion . PMID 14578083 DOI: 10.1080/02724980244000756  0.718
2003 Neath I, Bireta TJ, Surprenant AM. The time-based word length effect and stimulus set specificity. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 10: 430-4. PMID 12921420 DOI: 10.3758/Bf03196502  0.725
2001 Nairne JS, Neath I. Long-term memory span Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 24: 134-135. DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X01433929  0.696
2000 Neath I. Modeling the effects of irrelevant speech on memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 7: 403-23. PMID 11082850 DOI: 10.3758/Bf03214356  0.511
2000 Surprenant AM, LeCompte DC, Neath I. Manipulations of irrelevant information: suffix effects with articulatory suppression and irrelevant speech. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. a, Human Experimental Psychology. 53: 325-48. PMID 10881609 DOI: 10.1080/713755892  0.746
2000 Neath I. Is Working Memory Still a Useful Concept? Contemporary Psychology. 45: 410-412. DOI: 10.1037/002251  0.466
1999 Johnson CR, Neath I. The world wide web: exploring a new advertising environment. Cyberpsychology & Behavior : the Impact of the Internet, Multimedia and Virtual Reality On Behavior and Society. 2: 195-212. PMID 19178237 DOI: 10.1089/Cpb.1999.2.195  0.419
1999 Neath I. Computer simulations of global memory models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers : a Journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc. 31: 74-80. PMID 10495836 DOI: 10.3758/Bf03207695  0.471
1999 Surprenant AM, Neath I, LeCompte DC. Irrelevant Speech, Phonological Similarity, and Presentation Modality Memory. 7: 405-420. DOI: 10.1080/741944920  0.745
1999 Neath I. Modelling the disruptive effects of irrelevant speech on order information International Journal of Psychology. 34: 410-418. DOI: 10.1080/002075999399765  0.469
1999 Neath I, Brown GDA, Poirier M, Fortin C. Short-term/working memory: An overview International Journal of Psychology. 34: 273-275. DOI: 10.1080/002075999399567  0.463
1998 Neath I, Surprenant AM, LeCompte DC. Irrelevant speech eliminates the word length effect. Memory & Cognition. 26: 343-54. PMID 9584441 DOI: 10.3758/Bf03201145  0.775
1997 Neath I. Modality, concreteness, and set-size effects in a free reconstruction of order task. Memory & Cognition. 25: 256-63. PMID 9099075 DOI: 10.3758/Bf03201116  0.564
1997 Nairne JS, Neath I, Serra M. Proactive interference plays a role in the word-length effect Psychonomic Bulletin and Review. 4: 541-545. DOI: 10.3758/Bf03214346  0.724
1997 Surprenant AM, Neath I. T. V. Moore’s (1939)Cognitive Psychology Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 4: 342-349. DOI: 10.3758/Bf03210791  0.575
1997 Nairne JS, Neath I, Serra M, Byun E. Positional Distinctiveness and the Ratio Rule in Free Recall Journal of Memory and Language. 37: 155-166. DOI: 10.1006/Jmla.1997.2513  0.708
1997 Surprenant AM, Neath I. T. V. Moore's (1939) Cognitive Psychology Psychonomic Bulletin and Review. 4: 342-349.  0.504
1996 Neath I, Crowder RG. Distinctiveness and very short-term serial position effects. Memory (Hove, England). 4: 225-42. PMID 8735609 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.1996.9753032  0.748
1996 Surprenant AM, Neath I. The relation between discriminability and memory for vowels, consonants, and silent-center vowels. Memory & Cognition. 24: 356-66. PMID 8718769 DOI: 10.3758/Bf03213299  0.76
1995 Neath I, Nairne JS. Word-length effects in immediate memory: Overwriting trace decay theory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 2: 429-41. PMID 24203783 DOI: 10.3758/Bf03210981  0.774
1995 Capaldi EJ, Neath I. Remembering and forgetting as context discrimination. Learning & Memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.). 2: 107-32. PMID 10467570 DOI: 10.1101/Lm.2.3-4.107  0.497
1995 Crowder RG, Neath I. The Influence of Pitch on Time Perception in Short Melodies Music Perception. 12: 379-386. DOI: 10.2307/40285672  0.625
1994 Nairne JS, Neath I. Critique of the Retrieval/Deblurring Assumptions of the Theory of Distributed Associative Memory Psychological Review. 101: 528-533. DOI: 10.1037/0033-295X.101.3.528  0.696
1994 Neath I, Knoedler AJ. Distinctiveness and Serial Position Effects in Recognition and Sentence Processing Journal of Memory and Language. 33: 776-795. DOI: 10.1006/Jmla.1994.1037  0.503
1993 Neath I. Distinctiveness and serial position effects in recognition. Memory & Cognition. 21: 689-98. PMID 8412719 DOI: 10.3758/Bf03197199  0.47
1993 Neath I, Surprenant AM, Crowder RG. The Context-Dependent Stimulus Suffix Effect Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 19: 698-703. DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.19.3.698  0.781
1993 Neath I. Contextual and Distinctive Processes and the Serial Position Function Journal of Memory and Language. 32: 820-840. DOI: 10.1006/Jmla.1993.1041  0.539
1990 Neath I, Crowder RG. Schedules of presentation and temporal distinctiveness in human memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 16: 316-27. PMID 2137870 DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.16.2.316  0.7
1989 Watkins MJ, Neath I, Sechler ES. Recency effect in recall of a word list when an immediate memory task is performed after each word presentation. The American Journal of Psychology. 102: 265-70. PMID 2729453 DOI: 10.2307/1422957  0.589
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