1992 |
Cacioppo, John T. |
T32Activity Code Description: To enable institutions to make National Research Service Awards to individuals selected by them for predoctoral and postdoctoral research training in specified shortage areas. |
Training in Social Psychology |
0.957 |
1994 — 1997 |
Cacioppo, John T. |
P01Activity Code Description: For the support of a broadly based, multidisciplinary, often long-term research program which has a specific major objective or a basic theme. A program project generally involves the organized efforts of relatively large groups, members of which are conducting research projects designed to elucidate the various aspects or components of this objective. Each research project is usually under the leadership of an established investigator. The grant can provide support for certain basic resources used by these groups in the program, including clinical components, the sharing of which facilitates the total research effort. A program project is directed toward a range of problems having a central research focus, in contrast to the usually narrower thrust of the traditional research project. Each project supported through this mechanism should contribute or be directly related to the common theme of the total research effort. These scientifically meritorious projects should demonstrate an essential element of unity and interdependence, i.e., a system of research activities and projects directed toward a well-defined research program goal. |
Cardiac Reactivity and Cellular Immune Response
stress; psychoneuroimmunology; cellular immunity; Alzheimer's disease; aging; caregivers; heart rate; spouses; influenza vaccines; social support network; learned helplessness; psychophysiology; neuroendocrine system; immunologic memory; blood pressure; active immunization; autonomic nervous system; longitudinal human study; isolation /deprivation; psychological stressor; female; human subject; human old age (65+); electrocardiography; psychological tests;
|
0.957 |
1997 |
Cacioppo, John T. |
M01Activity Code Description: An award made to an institution solely for the support of a General Clinical Research Center where scientists conduct studies on a wide range of human diseases using the full spectrum of the biomedical sciences. Costs underwritten by these grants include those for renovation, for operational expenses such as staff salaries, equipment, and supplies, and for hospitalization. A General Clinical Research Center is a discrete unit of research beds separated from the general care wards. |
Psychosocial, Behavioral and Physiological Characteristics of Lonely
Lonliness is a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality from widely varying causes, even after statistically controlling for known biological risk factors (such as smoking, blood pressure, obesity and physical activity), social status and baseline measures of health. The mechanisms underlying the relationship between social factors and health are not yet understood but several different mechanisms are likely involved. To explore these mechanisms, this study will investigate the effects of lonliness and social embeddedness on psychosocial, behavioral, physiological and health-outcome variables.
|
0.957 |
1998 — 1999 |
Cacioppo, John T. |
M01Activity Code Description: An award made to an institution solely for the support of a General Clinical Research Center where scientists conduct studies on a wide range of human diseases using the full spectrum of the biomedical sciences. Costs underwritten by these grants include those for renovation, for operational expenses such as staff salaries, equipment, and supplies, and for hospitalization. A General Clinical Research Center is a discrete unit of research beds separated from the general care wards. |
Psychosocial/Behavioral/Physiological Characteristics of Loneliness
Loneliness is a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality from widely varying causes, even controlling for known biological risk factors, social status, and baseline measures of health. The mechanisms underlying the relationship between social factors and health are not yet understood, but several different mechanisms are likely involved. To explore these mechanisms, this study is investigating the effects of loneliness and social embeddedness on psychological, behavioral, physiological, and health-outcome variables.
|
0.957 |
1998 — 2001 |
Cacioppo, John T. |
M01Activity Code Description: An award made to an institution solely for the support of a General Clinical Research Center where scientists conduct studies on a wide range of human diseases using the full spectrum of the biomedical sciences. Costs underwritten by these grants include those for renovation, for operational expenses such as staff salaries, equipment, and supplies, and for hospitalization. A General Clinical Research Center is a discrete unit of research beds separated from the general care wards. |
Influence of Stress On the Neuroendocrine and Immune System
neuroimmunomodulation; stress; neuroendocrine system; Alzheimer's disease; caregivers; neuroregulation; psychological stressor; aging; cellular immunity; physiologic stressor; behavioral /social science research tag; human subject; clinical research;
|
0.957 |
1998 — 2001 |
Cacioppo, John T. |
M01Activity Code Description: An award made to an institution solely for the support of a General Clinical Research Center where scientists conduct studies on a wide range of human diseases using the full spectrum of the biomedical sciences. Costs underwritten by these grants include those for renovation, for operational expenses such as staff salaries, equipment, and supplies, and for hospitalization. A General Clinical Research Center is a discrete unit of research beds separated from the general care wards. |
Chronic Cortisol Levels &Glucosteroid Receptor Sensitivity in Lonliness
The mechanisms underlying the relationship between social factors and health are not always understood, but are likely to include aspects of the stress response system, including both the autonomic nervous system, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
|
0.957 |
1999 — 2002 |
Cacioppo, John T. |
P50Activity Code Description: To support any part of the full range of research and development from very basic to clinical; may involve ancillary supportive activities such as protracted patient care necessary to the primary research or R&D effort. The spectrum of activities comprises a multidisciplinary attack on a specific disease entity or biomedical problem area. These grants differ from program project grants in that they are usually developed in response to an announcement of the programmatic needs of an Institute or Division and subsequently receive continuous attention from its staff. Centers may also serve as regional or national resources for special research purposes. |
Individual Differences in Affective Processes
In the proposed research, individual differences are parsed on the basis of behavioral and biological parameters theoretically related to affective processing, and the psychometric properties and interrelationships among the behavioral, biological, and self-report measures are examined. Two separable features of affective processing are of particular interest in this project: the positivity offset, and the negativity bias. Prior research in humans has obtained evidence for the operation of a positivity offset and a negativity bias, including studies of impression formation studies, ratings of pictorial stimuli and of trait adjectives, and event-related brain potentials to unexpected pleasant or unpleasant stimuli. The first aim of the proposed research is to extend the prior work to examine the psychometric properties and the convergent and discriminant validity of the positivity offset and negativity bias as measured in these paradigms. The same individuals will be tested on three separate occasions using established paradigms for studying the positivity offset and negativity bias. The second aim is to examine how other biological measures of affective processing, including frontal asymmetry, facial electromyography (EMG), electrodermal lability, and startle probe modulation by and recover from pleasant and unpleasant foregrounds, relate to the behavioral measures of the positivity offset and negativity bias. The third aim is to examine the relationship among self-report and personality measures of affective processing style and (a) the behavioral measures of positivity offset and the negativity bias, as assessed in Aim 1; and (b) biological measures of affective processing, as assessed in Aim 2.
|
0.964 |
2000 — 2004 |
Cacioppo, John |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Social Neuroscience
This project will establish a transdisciplinary working group, and ultimately, a Center on Social Neuroscience at The University of Chicago. This working group, guided by the PI and a nine member steering committee, will involve faculty from several departments in the Biological Sciences, the Social Sciences, and Physical Sciences Graduate Divisions of the University. A wide range of levels of analysis and a diverse array of methodologies will be represented, including functional magnetic resonance imaging, surface event-related brain potential morphological and topographical analyses, indwelling (within the brain) event-related brain potential analyses, coregistration and source localization, computational neuroscience (including nonlinear dynamical analyses), neuropsychology and behavioral neurology, psychopharmacology, autonomic psychophysiology, surface electromyography and startle blink modulation, kinematic analyses, behavioral and social endocrinology, cognitive psychology, social cognition, and experimental social psychology. In the first year, a series of internal and external speakers and meetings will be held to develop a common scientific language, grounded in the structure and function of the brain, and to examine the strengths and limitations of each of the available methodologies. In the second year, the focus of the meetings, formal presentations, and workshops will build on this base to include theories of and experimental paradigms for studying problems confronting our society such as learning, stereotyping and prejudice. Pilot research will be conducted to test specific hypotheses about the neural substrates of the component processes underlying stereotyping and prejudice.
|
0.915 |
2001 — 2007 |
Cacioppo, John T. |
P01Activity Code Description: For the support of a broadly based, multidisciplinary, often long-term research program which has a specific major objective or a basic theme. A program project generally involves the organized efforts of relatively large groups, members of which are conducting research projects designed to elucidate the various aspects or components of this objective. Each research project is usually under the leadership of an established investigator. The grant can provide support for certain basic resources used by these groups in the program, including clinical components, the sharing of which facilitates the total research effort. A program project is directed toward a range of problems having a central research focus, in contrast to the usually narrower thrust of the traditional research project. Each project supported through this mechanism should contribute or be directly related to the common theme of the total research effort. These scientifically meritorious projects should demonstrate an essential element of unity and interdependence, i.e., a system of research activities and projects directed toward a well-defined research program goal. |
Social Isolation, Loneliness, Health &the Aging Process
DESCRIPTION (from the application): The purpose of the proposed Program Project Grant is to bring together sociological, psychological, and biological levels of analyses to bear on the relationships among and mechanisms underlying social isolation, feelings of loneliness, health, and the aging process. Social relationships are fundamental to emotional fulfillment, behavioral adjustment, and cognitive function. Recent research has shown that emotional closeness in relationships increases with age. Yet the number of social relationships decreases and social events triggering loneliness continue in the older adult. Moreover, they are physically aging and tend to be less resilient so these psychosocial challenges could potentially leave them vulnerable to feelings of loneliness, dysphoria, elevated and prolonged neuroendocrine stress responses, and ill health. Loneliness predicts morbidity and mortality from broad based causes in later life even after controlling for health behaviors and biological risk factors. Understanding the antecedents of feelings of loneliness and their consequences for mental and physical health can thus be studied effectively in older adults and is particularly important because life expectancy has increased in the U.S., increasing dramatically the number of older adults. Project 1 uses a longitudinal design in older adults to examine the temporal stability of loneliness, the predictors of the experience of loneliness, and the physiological (e.g., autonomic) and behavioral (e.g., health behaviors, sleep) effects associated with loneliness. Project 2 uses national survey data and linked Medicare claims data to examine the origins and consequences of loneliness and stress in the social environment. Project 3 is an animal model of vulnerability to social isolation and disruption as an individual trait, identifying the specific hormonal and immunological sequelae that increase risk for infectious and malignant disease during aging. There are also two cores that provide broad support to the projects: Core A the administrative Core, and Core B the data management and statistical management core.
|
1 |
2005 — 2009 |
Cacioppo, John T. |
P50Activity Code Description: To support any part of the full range of research and development from very basic to clinical; may involve ancillary supportive activities such as protracted patient care necessary to the primary research or R&D effort. The spectrum of activities comprises a multidisciplinary attack on a specific disease entity or biomedical problem area. These grants differ from program project grants in that they are usually developed in response to an announcement of the programmatic needs of an Institute or Division and subsequently receive continuous attention from its staff. Centers may also serve as regional or national resources for special research purposes. |
Project 6: Individual Differences in the Motivational Substrates (Pg 275) |
0.964 |
2007 — 2013 |
Cacioppo, John Decety, Jean [⬀] |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Cognitive Neuroscience of Empathy
Empathy refers to the capacity to understand and respond to the unique affective experiences of another person. Knowledge of empathic behavior is essential for an understanding of human social and moral development. Current trends in empathy theory suggest that empathy involves two inter-related primary components: (a) an automatic affective response to another person, which often entails sharing that person?s emotional state; and (b) a cognitive capacity to take the perspective of the other person. Furthermore, these two components are experienced without confusing the self with the other. The basic mechanism for empathy rests on the ability to recognize that the self and other are similar, but also on an ability to differentiate between the two. With support from the National Science Foundation, Dr. Jean Decety and colleagues at the University of Chicago will address the psychological and neural mechanisms involved in the experience of empathy by combining the approaches of cognitive neuroscience and social psychology. Neural activity during the experience of empathy will be compared across various situational and dispositional factors which are well documented in social psychology. Brain imaging (functional magnetic resonance imaging) will be used to measure the effects of stigma, racial bias, similarity and past shared experiences between self and others on the automatic resonance between self and other. There will be a special emphasis on the case of perception of pain, which has proven to be fairly universal and also typical of other processes. In all studies dispositional measures of individual differences in emotion contagion, empathy, sensitivity to pain, will be collected to allow for a fuller explication of the brain results.
This work will yield a better understanding of the cognitive and neurophysiological mechanisms involved in empathy and sympathy as well as several factors, seemingly unique to human kind, that influence or modulate our ability to share feelings and care for others. Both the findings and the techniques will be of value to clinicians as well as other researchers. This work will also contribute to teaching and training of students, especially interdisciplinary training between neuroscience and social psychology. Some of the proposed research will investigate the impact of racial group membership on the neural networks that mediate empathy and work on racial stereotypes and racial information processing has been an area of interest to undergraduate and graduate students from underrepresented minority groups. Thus this work may increase the attractiveness of neuroscience for students from these groups.
|
0.915 |
2008 — 2012 |
Cacioppo, John T. |
R01Activity Code Description: To support a discrete, specified, circumscribed project to be performed by the named investigator(s) in an area representing his or her specific interest and competencies. |
The Integrative Social Relations, Health and Aging Project |
1 |
2010 — 2017 |
Cacioppo, John T. |
R37Activity Code Description: To provide long-term grant support to investigators whose research competence and productivity are distinctly superior and who are highly likely to continue to perform in an outstanding manner. Investigators may not apply for a MERIT award. Program staff and/or members of the cognizant National Advisory Council/Board will identify candidates for the MERIT award during the course of review of competing research grant applications prepared and submitted in accordance with regular PHS requirements. |
Social Regulation of Gene Expression
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Research has repeatedly shown that a lack of social ties increases risk for poor health. Recent research has demonstrated that poor mental and physical health outcomes are distally associated with social isolation, are more proximally associated with perceived social isolation, and are not explicable in terms of differences in health behaviors. Recent studies have identified alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulation of inflammatory biology in leukocytes as a potential mechanism of isolation-related health risks. Individuals reporting chronically high levels of subjective social isolation have shown a heightened rise in morning cortisol levels (Adams et al. 2006), and alterations in genome-wide transcription of glucocorticoid target genes and NF-:B target genes (Cole et al. 2007). These isolation-related alterations in leukocyte biology might stem from a functional desensitization of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in isolated people (Cole 2008), which in turn, is reciprocally related to NF-:B expression, a key factor in regulation of cellular responses to infection, cancer, and inflammation. Impaired transcription of glucocorticoid response genes and increased activity of pro-inflammatory transcription control pathways provide a functional genomic explanation for elevated risk of inflammatory disease in individuals who experience chronically high levels of perceived social isolation. Initial genomics analyses tested a relatively small sample and provided preliminary support for this hypothesis. This revised application seeks to extend those initial findings by (1) expanding the range of genomic analyses, (2) identifying the specific aspect of glucocorticoid-mediated transcriptional control driving those effects, (3) determining the plausibility of a causal role for subjective social isolation in predicting transcriptional control in longitudinal studies, and (4) establishing an animal model of subjective social isolation that can provide a platform for experimental studies. Utilizing participants from the Chicago Health, Aging and Social Relations longitudinal study, a population-based sample of middle-aged and older adults, we investigate whether transcriptional alterations occur only in those who show chronically high levels of subjective isolation, or whether similar effects occur even at minimal or variable levels of subjective isolation. Differential expression of GR and/or NF-:B proteins, and/or post-translational modifications of the GR (e.g., GR phosphorylation) will be examined as potential molecular mechanisms of altered glucocorticoid transcriptional control. The plausibility of a causal role for social isolation will be evaluated by examining the extent to which naturally occurring changes in subjective isolation over a two-year period predict changes in transcriptional control. Finally, a non-human primate model will be evaluated by conducting social behavioral assays to distinguish among and determine stability of "sociability" phenotypes in adult male rhesus monkeys, and biological assays will be done to determine relationships between social phenotypes and measures of HPA activity, GR- mediated signal transduction, and genome-wide transcriptional profiles. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Research has repeatedly shown that social isolation increases risk for poor health. We previously found functional genomic differences between individuals high and low in social isolation which could contribute to differences in risk of disease. The proposed research therefore is designed to identify the specific biological mechanisms mediating these genomic effects.
|
1 |
2011 |
Cacioppo, John |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Workshop: Opportunities and Challenges in Social Neuroscience
Humans depend on social structures that range from dyads and families to groups, communities, and cultures. These structures likely evolved hand in hand with the neural, neuroendocrine, cellular, and genetic mechanisms that support them because the consequent social behaviors helped these organisms survive, reproduce, and care for offspring sufficiently long rnough that they too reproduced. Social neuroscience is a field of research that has grown over the past two decades to investigate these neural, neuroendocrine, cellular, and genetic mechanisms and the social structures, factors, and processes with which they interface.
This award provides NSF funding for graduate students and postdoctoral fellows to attend an upcoming conference on Social Neuroscience that will bring together scientists from the United States, Europe, and Asia, speaking on the topics 1) Imaging, lesion, and behavioral studies of social cognition; 2) Neurobiology of affiliative behavior; 3) Social perception; 4) Neural bases and neuro-embodiment of social processes; and 5) Neural bases of real-time social interactions. The junior investigators funded to attend this conference will be exposed to cutting edge research in social neuroscience and will have their own work showcased during a special poster session. The product of the conference will be an edited volume submitted to MIT Press for the Social Neuroscience Book Series.
|
0.915 |
2012 — 2013 |
Cacioppo, John Cacioppo, Stephanie |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Meeting: 2012 Meeting of the Society For Social Neuroscience (October 2012, New Orleans)
The neurosciences have traditionally considered the nervous system as an isolated entity. However, recent research has amply demonstrated the considerable impact of social structures (e.g., mother-infant attachments, pair-bonds, stable versus unstable families) on brain development and function. These factors operate on the individual through a continuous interplay of neural, neuroendocrine, metabolic, immunologic, and genetic factors, in which the brain is the central regulatory organ and a malleable target of social factors. It is critical that the next generation of scientists be prepared to bring animal models and human studies together to bear on how precisely social factors are impacting human brain and biology. The current proposal contributes to this critical need through support for the forthcoming meeting of the Society for Social Neuroscience a meeting that emphasizes students and young scientists and that promotes a dialog across diverse disciplines, model systems, and methodologies. A major goal of the meeting is to provide graduate student trainees with interdisciplinary and international perspectives on social neuroscience. The program has been designed to ensure balance across gender, topics and career stage and to provide time and opportunities for discussions and interactions among student and faculty participants. In addition, the grant funds small but prestigious awards that subsidizes the travel of junior PIs and promising graduate students. The keynote speaker, the internationally renowned neuroscientist Giacomo Rizzolatti who discovered the mirror neuron system, is the recipient of many honors including the Golgi Prize for Physiology and the Grawemeyer Prize. As the keynote speaker in this year's meeting, Rizzolatti will illustrate the value of comparative research and will stimulate discussions among our members and our students regarding the importance of opening new dialogues between researchers who study animal models and those who study humans. The dissemination plan ensures these messages reach an audience beyond the attendees.
|
0.915 |
2013 — 2014 |
Cacioppo, John |
N/AActivity Code Description: No activity code was retrieved: click on the grant title for more information |
Workshop: Robust Research in the Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences, February, 2014, Arlington, Va
This award supports a two-day workshop to investigate integrative policies and procedures that would promote robust and reliable published findings in science. Questions have been raised in recent years about the replicability of various findings in the biological, medical, cognitive, and social sciences. Making sure that scientists understand and are rewarded for using methods that yield the most robust results and incentivizing replication of results are among the many possible actions that could help ensure that published results are highly reliable. This workshop will explore these and other steps that might be taken to improve the validity of scientific findings.
Scientists build upon published scientific knowledge in both basic and applied research. When those published results are not reliable, scientific discoveries can be set back and time and money spent on non-productive avenues of research. Additionally, science is often used as a basis for decisions in policy and industry, which also necessitate reliability. Social and behavioral scientists have contributed to improvements in experimental and quasi-experimental designs, methodological procedures (e.g., random assignment & blind procedures), and statistical (e.g., meta-analytic) techniques. The proposed workshop will convene social, behavioral, and statistical scientists to consider: (i) the state of the science, (ii) possible improvements in scientific practice and procedures, (iii) the implications for science education and training, (iv) the implications for editorial policies and procedures, (v) the implications for research university policies and evaluation criteria, and (vi) the implications for federal funding policies and evaluation criteria. This workshop will bring together experts in each of these domains to develop a coherent set of recommendations for ensuring that published empirical findings in the social, behavioral, and economic sciences are robust and replicable and to identify research needs on this topic. A written report from this workshop will be produced and presentation materials shared widely. The effort will be led by members of the Subcommittee on Replication, a part of the Advisory Committee of the Directorate for Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences at the National Science Foundation.
|
0.915 |
2016 |
Cacioppo, John T. |
R37Activity Code Description: To provide long-term grant support to investigators whose research competence and productivity are distinctly superior and who are highly likely to continue to perform in an outstanding manner. Investigators may not apply for a MERIT award. Program staff and/or members of the cognizant National Advisory Council/Board will identify candidates for the MERIT award during the course of review of competing research grant applications prepared and submitted in accordance with regular PHS requirements. |
Social Regulation of Gene Expression, Supplement
adverse outcome; Alzheimer's Disease; depressive symptoms; Elderly; Fingerprint; Gene Expression Regulation; Glucocorticoids; Health; Human; Leukocytes; Loneliness; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Mediating; Mental Health; middle age; Modeling; Molecular; Monkeys; monocyte; nonhuman primate; Patients; physical conditioning; population based; response; Sampling; social; Social isolation; Spouse Caregiver; symptomatology; trait; Transcriptional Regulation; Validity of Self Report;
|
1 |
2017 |
Cacioppo, John T. |
R37Activity Code Description: To provide long-term grant support to investigators whose research competence and productivity are distinctly superior and who are highly likely to continue to perform in an outstanding manner. Investigators may not apply for a MERIT award. Program staff and/or members of the cognizant National Advisory Council/Board will identify candidates for the MERIT award during the course of review of competing research grant applications prepared and submitted in accordance with regular PHS requirements. |
Social Regulation of Gene Expression - Supplement
Elderly; experimental analysis; Fingerprint; Gene Expression Regulation; Genetic Transcription; Glucocorticoids; Human; Leukocytes; Mediating; middle age; Modeling; Molecular; nonhuman primate; population based; Sampling; social; Social isolation; Transcriptional Regulation;
|
1 |