Area:
Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Recreation
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High-probability grants
According to our matching algorithm, Christopher Janelle is the likely recipient of the following grants.
Years |
Recipients |
Code |
Title / Keywords |
Matching score |
2002 |
Janelle, Christopher M |
R03Activity Code Description: To provide research support specifically limited in time and amount for studies in categorical program areas. Small grants provide flexibility for initiating studies which are generally for preliminary short-term projects and are non-renewable. |
Body Image Disturbance: Emotional Reactivity
Body image disturbance is a precursor to eating disorders, which in turn afflict approximately 4% of the population of the United States. Though numerous attempts have been made to delineate the emotions experienced by individuals with body image disturbance, existing research is largely observational descriptive, and self-reported. Combining psychophysiological and self-report measures will permit a more direct and comprehensive account of the multidimensional nature of emotion among individuals with body image disturbance. In the context of the biphasic theory of emotion, the overall objection of the proposed research will be to assess and compare the emotional reactivity of males and females who are symptomatic (body image disturbed) and asymptomatic (not body image disturbed) for eating disorders. How attentional biases and emotional reactivity differ among these groups, while viewing pictures of themselves as well as individuals with societal ideal bodies, will be determined. Psychophysiological measures known to index emotional reactivity among clinical and subclinical will be collected using a startle prove in the context of a picture-viewing paradigm, and are expected to reliably differentiate symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. As indexed by eye movements, symptomatic individuals are predicted to attend more to somatic regions of body dissatisfaction than will asymptomatic individuals when viewing themselves, but will avoid these areas when viewing others. They are also expected to exhibit greater potentiation of the reflexive eyeblink in response to the startle probe as compared to asymptomatic individuals when viewing physique pictures of themselves and others. Also, the P3 wave of the cortical event-related potential to the startle probe will be smaller in amplitude to physique pictures of themselves and others for the symptomatic as compared to the asymptomatic individuals. Finally, symptomatic participants will report more emotional and mood disturbance while viewing pictures of themselves and aesthetically ideal bodies compared to the asymptomatic participants. Findings obtained from this investigation will permit researchers and clinicians a greater understanding of how commonly encountered environmental stimuli are differentially attended to, processed, and responded to among individuals with body image disturbance; thus leading to the development and refinement of effective interventions to alleviate the negative emotional responses that preclude and perpetuate eating disorders.
|
0.958 |
2004 — 2005 |
Janelle, Christopher M |
R03Activity Code Description: To provide research support specifically limited in time and amount for studies in categorical program areas. Small grants provide flexibility for initiating studies which are generally for preliminary short-term projects and are non-renewable. |
Attentional Biases: Overt and Covert Mechanisms
[unreadable] DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The importance of understanding affective responsivity as pertaining to global health-related issues and a variety of clinical pathologies cannot be overstated. Indeed, such maladies as depression, anxiety disorders, phobias, and eating disorders, among others, strongly implicate dysfunctional affective regulation. The extent to which anxiety and fear related disorders are characterized by attentional maintenance or avoidance holds critical implications for the delivery of treatments such as exposure (in vivo and systematic desensitization), cognitive, and behavioral therapies that rely upon manipulation of attention / emotion interactions among people with affective disorders. Although various paradigms for assessment of emotional reactivity and attentional biases have been developed, each has yielded clearly limited and conflicting information concerning overt and covert indices of attentional allocation when detecting and processing emotional material. Three separate experiments are proposed to clarify discrepant interpretations concerning the maintenance and avoidance of affective cues among high and low trait anxious subjects. In Experiment 1, eye movements will be tracked during performance of a dot probe task across extended stimulus presentation periods to determine the direction and duration of attentional biases. Experiments 2 and 3 are designed to further evaluate the locus and extent of attentional biases by including a startle probe within the context of viewed picture arrays. As such, the degree of coupling between eye movements when viewing affective content (as determined through gaze behavior measures) and attentional allocation to emotional content (as assessed by startle modulated eye blink magnitude) will be determined. In turn, discrepant findings between advocates of avoidance and maintenance orientations to attentional biases will be resolved. Completion of the project will permit a more comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of approach and withdrawal behavior as related to emotional responsivity. Though basic in nature, the proposed line of research will provide a needed advance in the specificity by which attentional allocation and emotional reactivity can be measured, and consequently, will inform treatment modalities to alleviate the dysfunctional attentional biases that underlie anxiety related disorders. [unreadable] [unreadable]
|
0.958 |