Year |
Citation |
Score |
2021 |
Yang Y, Wu ZX, Wang JQ, Teng QX, Lei ZN, Lusvarghi S, Ambudkar SV, Chen ZS, Yang DH. OTS964, a TOPK Inhibitor, Is Susceptible to ABCG2-Mediated Drug Resistance. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 12: 620874. PMID 33658942 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.620874 |
0.337 |
|
2021 |
Kita DH, Guragossian N, Zattoni IF, Moure VR, Rego FGM, Lusvarghi S, Moulenat T, Belhani B, Picheth G, Bouacida S, Bouaziz Z, Marminon C, Berredjem M, Jose J, Gonçalves MB, et al. Mechanistic basis of breast cancer resistance protein inhibition by new indeno[1,2-b]indoles. Scientific Reports. 11: 1788. PMID 33469044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79892-w |
0.32 |
|
2020 |
Sajid A, Lusvarghi S, Murakami M, Chufan EE, Abel B, Gottesman MM, Durell SR, Ambudkar SV. Reversing the direction of drug transport mediated by the human multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. PMID 33168729 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016270117 |
0.317 |
|
2020 |
Ashar YV, Zhou J, Gupta P, Teng QX, Lei ZN, Reznik SE, Lusvarghi S, Wurpel J, Ambudkar SV, Chen ZS. BMS-599626, a Highly Selective Pan-HER Kinase Inhibitor, Antagonizes ABCG2-Mediated Drug Resistance. Cancers. 12. PMID 32899268 DOI: 10.3390/Cancers12092502 |
0.412 |
|
2020 |
Wu CP, Hung CY, Lusvarghi S, Huang YH, Tseng PJ, Hung TH, Yu JS, Ambudkar SV. Overexpression of ABCB1 and ABCG2 contributes to reduced efficacy of the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor samotolisib (LY3023414) in cancer cell lines. Biochemical Pharmacology. 114137. PMID 32634436 DOI: 10.1016/J.Bcp.2020.114137 |
0.424 |
|
2020 |
Yang Y, Ji N, Teng QX, Cai CY, Wang JQ, Wu ZX, Lei ZN, Lusvarghi S, Ambudkar SV, Chen ZS. Sitravatinib, a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Inhibits the Transport Function of ABCG2 and Restores Sensitivity to Chemotherapy-Resistant Cancer Cells . Frontiers in Oncology. 10: 700. PMID 32477943 DOI: 10.3389/Fonc.2020.00700 |
0.427 |
|
2020 |
Wu CP, Lusvarghi S, Hsiao SH, Liu TC, Li YQ, Huang YH, Hung TH, Ambudkar SV. Licochalcone A Selectively Resensitizes ABCG2-Overexpressing Multidrug-Resistant Cancer Cells to Chemotherapeutic Drugs. Journal of Natural Products. PMID 32347726 DOI: 10.1021/Acs.Jnatprod.9B01022 |
0.409 |
|
2020 |
Wu CP, Lusvarghi S, Tseng PJ, Hsiao SH, Huang YH, Hung TH, Ambudkar SV. MY-5445, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, resensitizes ABCG2-overexpressing multidrug-resistant cancer cells to cytotoxic anticancer drugs. American Journal of Cancer Research. 10: 164-178. PMID 32064159 |
0.321 |
|
2020 |
Lusvarghi S, Robey RW, Gottesman MM, Ambudkar SV. Multidrug transporters: recent insights from cryo-electron microscopy-derived atomic structures and animal models. F1000research. 9. PMID 32055397 DOI: 10.12688/F1000Research.21295.1 |
0.383 |
|
2020 |
Wu ZX, Yang Y, Teng QX, Wang JQ, Lei ZN, Wang JQ, Lusvarghi S, Ambudkar SV, Yang DH, Chen ZS. Tivantinib, A c-Met Inhibitor in Clinical Trials, Is Susceptible to ABCG2-Mediated Drug Resistance. Cancers. 12. PMID 31940916 DOI: 10.3390/Cancers12010186 |
0.404 |
|
2019 |
Wu CP, Lusvarghi S, Wang JC, Hsiao SH, Huang YH, Hung TH, Ambudkar SV. The Selective Class IIa Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor TMP195 Resensitizes ABCB1- and ABCG2-Overexpressing Multidrug-Resistant Cancer Cells to Cytotoxic Anticancer Drugs. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 21. PMID 31905792 DOI: 10.3390/Ijms21010238 |
0.424 |
|
2019 |
Lusvarghi S, Ambudkar SV. ATP-dependent thermostabilization of human P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) is blocked by modulators. The Biochemical Journal. PMID 31774117 DOI: 10.1042/Bcj20190736 |
0.406 |
|
2019 |
Sava GP, Fan H, Fisher RA, Lusvarghi S, Pancholi S, Ambudkar SV, Martin LA, Charles Coombes R, Buluwela L, Ali S. ABC-transporter upregulation mediates resistance to the CDK7 inhibitors THZ1 and ICEC0942. Oncogene. PMID 31530935 DOI: 10.1038/S41388-019-1008-Y |
0.353 |
|
2019 |
Lee TD, Lee OW, Brimacombe KR, Chen L, Guha R, Lusvarghi S, Tebase BG, Klumpp-Thomas C, Robey RW, Ambudkar SV, Shen M, Gottesman MM, Hall MD. A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Molecular Pharmacology. PMID 31515284 DOI: 10.1124/Mol.119.115964 |
0.383 |
|
2019 |
Sajid A, Raju N, Lusvarghi S, Vahedi S, Swenson RE, Ambudkar SV. Synthesis and characterization of Bodipy-FL-cyclosporine A as a substrate for multidrug resistance-linked P-glycoprotein (ABCB1). Drug Metabolism and Disposition: the Biological Fate of Chemicals. PMID 31371421 DOI: 10.1124/Dmd.119.087734 |
0.411 |
|
2019 |
Wu CP, Lusvarghi S, Wang JC, Hsiao SH, Huang YH, Hung TH, Ambudkar SV. Avapritinib, a selective inhibitor of KIT and PDGFRα reverses ABCB1 and ABCG2-mediated multidrug resistance in cancer cell lines. Molecular Pharmaceutics. PMID 31117741 DOI: 10.1021/Acs.Molpharmaceut.9B00274 |
0.425 |
|
2019 |
Nandigama K, Lusvarghi S, Shukla S, Ambudkar SV. Large-scale purification of functional human P-glycoprotein (ABCB1). Protein Expression and Purification. PMID 30851394 DOI: 10.1016/J.Pep.2019.03.002 |
0.386 |
|
2019 |
Hsiao SH, Lusvarghi S, Huang YH, Ambudkar SV, Hsu SC, Wu CP. The FLT3 inhibitor midostaurin selectively resensitizes ABCB1-overexpressing multidrug-resistant cancer cells to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Cancer Letters. PMID 30639533 DOI: 10.1016/J.Canlet.2019.01.001 |
0.38 |
|
2019 |
Murakami M, Chufan EE, Lusvarghi S, Ambudkar SV. Abstract 1270: Human P-glycoprotein-mediated drug transport: Two aromatic residues in the drug-binding pocket are critical for function Cancer Research. DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.Sabcs18-1270 |
0.39 |
|
2018 |
Sajid A, Lusvarghi S, Chufan EE, Ambudkar SV. Evidence for the critical role of transmembrane helices 1 and 7 in substrate transport by human P-glycoprotein (ABCB1). Plos One. 13: e0204693. PMID 30265721 DOI: 10.1371/Journal.Pone.0204693 |
0.401 |
|
2018 |
Vahedi S, Lusvarghi S, Pluchino K, Shafrir Y, Durell SR, Gottesman MM, Ambudkar SV. Mapping discontinuous epitopes for MRK-16, UIC2 and 4E3 antibodies to extracellular loops 1 and 4 of human P-glycoprotein. Scientific Reports. 8: 12716. PMID 30143707 DOI: 10.1038/S41598-018-30984-8 |
0.398 |
|
2018 |
Lusvarghi S, Ghirlando R, Davison JR, Bewley CA. Chemical and Biophysical Approaches for Complete Characterization of Lectin-Carbohydrate Interactions. Methods in Enzymology. 598: 3-35. PMID 29306440 DOI: 10.1016/Bs.Mie.2017.06.010 |
0.315 |
|
2016 |
Lusvarghi S, Bewley CA. Griffithsin: An Antiviral Lectin with Outstanding Therapeutic Potential. Viruses. 8. PMID 27783038 DOI: 10.3390/V8100296 |
0.363 |
|
2016 |
Lusvarghi S, Lohith KM, Morin-Leisk J, Ghirlando R, Hinshaw JE, Bewley CA. Binding site geometry and subdomain valency control effects of neutralizing lectins on HIV-1 viral particles. Acs Infectious Diseases. PMID 27669574 DOI: 10.1021/Acsinfecdis.6B00139 |
0.399 |
|
2016 |
Mason RD, Welles HC, Adams C, Chakrabarti BK, Gorman J, Zhou T, Nguyen R, O'Dell S, Lusvarghi S, Bewley CA, Li H, Shaw GM, Sheng Z, Shapiro L, Wyatt R, et al. Targeted Isolation of Antibodies Directed against Major Sites of SIV Env Vulnerability. Plos Pathogens. 12: e1005537. PMID 27064278 DOI: 10.1371/Journal.Ppat.1005537 |
0.358 |
|
2016 |
Dogo-Isonagie C, Lee SL, Lohith K, Liu H, Mandadapu SR, Lusvarghi S, O'Connor RD, Bewley CA. Design and synthesis of small molecule-sulfotyrosine mimetics that inhibit HIV-1 entry. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. PMID 26968647 DOI: 10.1016/J.Bmc.2016.02.044 |
0.348 |
|
2016 |
Rausch JW, Sztuba-Solinska J, Lusvarghi S, Le Grice SF. Novel Biochemical Tools for Probing HIV RNA Structure. Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.). 1354: 91-117. PMID 26714707 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3046-3_7 |
0.321 |
|
2015 |
Lusvarghi S, Ghirlando R, Wong CH, Bewley CA. Glycopeptide mimetics recapitulate high-mannose-type oligosaccharide binding and function. Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English). 54: 5603-8. PMID 25776945 DOI: 10.1002/Anie.201500157 |
0.376 |
|
2015 |
Acharya P, Lusvarghi S, Bewley CA, Kwong PD. HIV-1 gp120 as a therapeutic target: navigating a moving labyrinth. Expert Opinion On Therapeutic Targets. 19: 765-83. PMID 25724219 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1010513 |
0.331 |
|
2013 |
Lusvarghi S, Sztuba-Solinska J, Purzycka KJ, Pauly GT, Rausch JW, Grice SF. The HIV-2 Rev-response element: determining secondary structure and defining folding intermediates. Nucleic Acids Research. 41: 6637-49. PMID 23640333 DOI: 10.1093/Nar/Gkt353 |
0.335 |
|
2013 |
Purzycka KJ, Legiewicz M, Matsuda E, Eizentstat LD, Lusvarghi S, Saha A, Le Grice SF, Garfinkel DJ. Exploring Ty1 retrotransposon RNA structure within virus-like particles. Nucleic Acids Research. 41: 463-73. PMID 23093595 DOI: 10.1093/Nar/Gks983 |
0.322 |
|
2009 |
Lusvarghi S, Murphy CT, Roy S, Tanious FA, Sacui I, Wilson WD, Ly DH, Armitage BA. Loop and backbone modifications of peptide nucleic acid improve g-quadruplex binding selectivity. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 131: 18415-24. PMID 19947597 DOI: 10.1021/Ja907250J |
0.589 |
|
2009 |
Lusvarghi S, Kim JM, Creeger Y, Armitage BA. Refined multivalent display of bacterial spore-binding peptides. Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry. 7: 1815-20. PMID 19590776 DOI: 10.1039/B820013K |
0.546 |
|
Low-probability matches (unlikely to be authored by this person) |
2021 |
Liang BJ, Lusvarghi S, Ambudkar SV, Huang HC. Mechanistic Insights into Photodynamic Regulation of Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate-Binding Cassette Drug Transporters. Acs Pharmacology & Translational Science. 4: 1578-1587. PMID 36118950 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00138 |
0.288 |
|
2013 |
Huang Q, Purzycka KJ, Lusvarghi S, Li D, Legrice SF, Boeke JD. Retrotransposon Ty1 RNA contains a 5'-terminal long-range pseudoknot required for efficient reverse transcription. Rna (New York, N.Y.). 19: 320-32. PMID 23329695 DOI: 10.1261/Rna.035535.112 |
0.286 |
|
2023 |
Rahman H, Ware MJ, Sajid A, Lusvarghi S, Durell SR, Ambudkar SV. Residues from Homologous Transmembrane Helices 4 and 10 Are Critical for P-Glycoprotein (ABCB1)-Mediated Drug Transport. Cancers. 15. PMID 37444569 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133459 |
0.281 |
|
2021 |
Liang BJ, Lusvarghi S, Ambudkar SV, Huang HC. Use of photoimmunoconjugates to characterize ABCB1 in cancer cells. Nanophotonics. 10: 3049-3061. PMID 35070633 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2021-0252 |
0.276 |
|
2013 |
Lusvarghi S, Sztuba-Solinska J, Purzycka KJ, Rausch JW, Le Grice SF. RNA secondary structure prediction using high-throughput SHAPE. Journal of Visualized Experiments : Jove. e50243. PMID 23748604 DOI: 10.3791/50243 |
0.272 |
|
2021 |
Wu CP, Hung TH, Lusvarghi S, Chu YH, Hsiao SH, Huang YH, Chang YT, Ambudkar SV. The third-generation EGFR inhibitor almonertinib (HS-10296) resensitizes ABCB1-overexpressing multidrug-resistant cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. Biochemical Pharmacology. 114516. PMID 33713643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114516 |
0.268 |
|
2023 |
Murakami M, Sajid A, Lusvarghi S, Durell SR, Abel B, Vahedi S, Golin J, Ambudkar SV. Second-site suppressor mutations reveal connection between the drug-binding pocket and nucleotide-binding domain 1 of human P-glycoprotein (ABCB1). Drug Resistance Updates : Reviews and Commentaries in Antimicrobial and Anticancer Chemotherapy. 71: 101009. PMID 37797431 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.101009 |
0.253 |
|
2022 |
Rothenberger S, Hurdiss DL, Walser M, Malvezzi F, Mayor J, Ryter S, Moreno H, Liechti N, Bosshart A, Iss C, Calabro V, Cornelius A, Hospodarsch T, Neculcea A, Looser T, ... ... Lusvarghi S, et al. The trispecific DARPin ensovibep inhibits diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants. Nature Biotechnology. PMID 35864170 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01382-3 |
0.251 |
|
2016 |
Mason RD, Welles HC, Adams C, Chakrabarti BK, Gorman J, Zhou T, Nguyen R, O'Dell S, Lusvarghi S, Bewley CA, Li H, Shaw GM, Sheng Z, Shapiro L, Wyatt R, et al. Correction: Targeted Isolation of Antibodies Directed against Major Sites of SIV Env Vulnerability. Plos Pathogens. 12: e1005674. PMID 27219002 DOI: 10.1371/Journal.Ppat.1005674 |
0.249 |
|
2021 |
Robey RW, Robinson AN, Ali-Rahmani F, Huff LM, Lusvarghi S, Vahedi S, Hotz JM, Warner AC, Butcher D, Matta J, Edmondson EF, Lee TD, Roth JS, Lee OW, Shen M, et al. Characterization and tissue localization of zebrafish homologs of the human ABCB1 multidrug transporter. Scientific Reports. 11: 24150. PMID 34921178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03500-8 |
0.247 |
|
2010 |
Pagliero RJ, Lusvarghi S, Pierini AB, Brun R, Mazzieri MR. Synthesis, stereoelectronic characterization and antiparasitic activity of new 1-benzenesulfonyl-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 18: 142-50. PMID 19942439 DOI: 10.1016/J.Bmc.2009.11.010 |
0.246 |
|
2019 |
Lusvarghi S, Ambudkar S. Nanodiscs as a Platform for the Study of Human P-Glycoprotein in a Membrane Environment Biophysical Journal. 116. DOI: 10.1016/J.Bpj.2018.11.347 |
0.242 |
|
2021 |
Wu CP, Hung CY, Lusvarghi S, Chang YF, Hsiao SH, Huang YH, Hung TH, Yu JS, Ambudkar SV. Overexpression of Human ABCB1 and ABCG2 Reduces the Susceptibility of Cancer Cells to the Histone Deacetylase 6-Specific Inhibitor Citarinostat. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 22. PMID 33807514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052592 |
0.242 |
|
2022 |
Yang Y, Teng QX, Wu ZX, Wang JQ, Lei ZN, Lusvarghi S, Ambudkar SV, Ji N, Chen ZS. PBK/TOPK inhibitor OTS964 resistance is mediated by ABCB1-dependent transport function in cancer: in vitro and in vivo study. Molecular Cancer. 21: 40. PMID 35135547 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01512-0 |
0.232 |
|
2021 |
Lusvarghi S, Durell SR, Ambudkar SV. Does the ATP-bound EQ mutant reflect the pre- or post-ATP hydrolysis state in the catalytic cycle of human P-glycoprotein (ABCB1)? Febs Letters. PMID 33547668 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14054 |
0.229 |
|
2022 |
Abel B, Murakami M, Tosh DK, Yu J, Lusvarghi S, Campbell RG, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA, Ambudkar SV. Interaction of A adenosine receptor ligands with the human multidrug transporter ABCG2. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 231: 114103. PMID 35152062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114103 |
0.198 |
|
2021 |
Lusvarghi S, Wang W, Herrup R, Neerukonda SN, Vassell R, Bentley L, Eakin AE, Erlandson KJ, Weiss CD. Key substitutions in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 variants can predict resistance to monoclonal antibodies, but other substitutions can modify the effects. Journal of Virology. JVI0111021. PMID 34668774 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01110-21 |
0.179 |
|
2022 |
Neerukonda SN, Wang R, Vassell R, Baha H, Lusvarghi S, Liu S, Wang T, Weiss CD, Wang W. Characterization of Entry Pathways, Species-Specific Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Residues Determining Entry, and Antibody Neutralization Evasion of Omicron BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, and BA.3 Variants. Journal of Virology. e0114022. PMID 36000843 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01140-22 |
0.139 |
|
2021 |
Neerukonda SN, Vassell R, Lusvarghi S, Wang R, Echegaray F, Bentley L, Eakin AE, Erlandson KJ, Katzelnick LC, Weiss CD, Wang W. SARS-COV-2 Delta variant displays moderate resistance to neutralizing antibodies and spike protein properties of higher soluble ACE2 sensitivity, enhanced cleavage and fusogenic activity. Biorxiv : the Preprint Server For Biology. PMID 34790980 DOI: 10.1101/2021.11.05.467523 |
0.138 |
|
2023 |
Lusvarghi S, Stauft CB, Vassell R, Williams B, Baha H, Wang W, Neerukonda SN, Wang T, Weiss CD. Effects of N-glycan modifications on spike expression, virus infectivity, and neutralization sensitivity in ancestral compared to Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants. Plos Pathogens. 19: e1011788. PMID 37943965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011788 |
0.136 |
|
2024 |
Wang W, Bhushan GL, Paz S, Stauft CB, Selvaraj P, Goguet E, Bishop-Lilly KA, Subramanian R, Vassell R, Lusvarghi S, Cong Y, Agan B, Richard SA, Epsi NJ, Fries A, et al. Antigenic cartography using hamster sera identifies SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 evasion seen in human XBB.1.5 booster sera. Biorxiv : the Preprint Server For Biology. PMID 38712124 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.05.588359 |
0.12 |
|
2021 |
Neerukonda SN, Vassell R, Lusvarghi S, Wang R, Echegaray F, Bentley L, Eakin AE, Erlandson KJ, Katzelnick LC, Weiss CD, Wang W. SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Displays Moderate Resistance to Neutralizing Antibodies and Spike Protein Properties of Higher Soluble ACE2 Sensitivity, Enhanced Cleavage and Fusogenic Activity. Viruses. 13. PMID 34960755 DOI: 10.3390/v13122485 |
0.112 |
|
2023 |
Mühlemann B, Wilks SH, Baracco L, Bekliz M, Carreño JM, Corman VM, Davis-Gardner ME, Dejnirattisai W, Diamond MS, Douek DC, Drosten C, Eckerle I, Edara VV, Ellis M, Fouchier RAM, ... ... Lusvarghi S, et al. Comparative Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Antigenicity across Assays and in Human and Animal Model Sera. Biorxiv : the Preprint Server For Biology. PMID 37808679 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.27.559689 |
0.11 |
|
2022 |
Lusvarghi S, Pollett SD, Neerukonda SN, Wang W, Wang R, Vassell R, Epsi NJ, Fries AC, Agan BK, Lindholm DA, Colombo CJ, Mody R, Ewers EC, Lalani T, Ganesan A, et al. SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 variant is neutralized by vaccine booster-elicited serum, but evades most convalescent serum and therapeutic antibodies. Science Translational Medicine. eabn8543. PMID 35380448 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn8543 |
0.088 |
|
2021 |
Lusvarghi S, Pollett SD, Neerukonda SN, Wang W, Wang R, Vassell R, Epsi NJ, Fries AC, Agan BK, Lindholm DA, Colombo CJ, Mody R, Ewers EC, Lalani T, Ganesan A, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron neutralization by therapeutic antibodies, convalescent sera, and post-mRNA vaccine booster. Biorxiv : the Preprint Server For Biology. PMID 34981057 DOI: 10.1101/2021.12.22.473880 |
0.085 |
|
2022 |
Wang W, Lusvarghi S, Subramanian R, Epsi NJ, Wang R, Goguet E, Fries AC, Echegaray F, Vassell R, Coggins SA, Richard SA, Lindholm DA, Mende K, Ewers EC, Larson DT, et al. Antigenic cartography of well-characterized human sera shows SARS-CoV-2 neutralization differences based on infection and vaccination history. Cell Host & Microbe. PMID 36356586 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.10.012 |
0.055 |
|
2016 |
Pereira LC, Lusvarghi SADS, Arango LG, Arango H, Bonatto BD. Socioeconomic analysis of incentive public policies for the use of renewable energy per consumer class in Brazil 2015 Ieee Pes Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Latin America, Isgt Latam 2015. 57-62. DOI: 10.1109/ISGT-LA.2015.7381130 |
0.036 |
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2011 |
Lusvarghi SAS, Arango H, Bonatto BD, De Abreu JPG, Tahan CMV. Economic impacts of the discontinuity of power services by using an electricity market model 2010 Ieee/Pes Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition: Latin America, T and D-La 2010. 780-786. DOI: 10.1109/TDC-LA.2010.5762973 |
0.033 |
|
Hide low-probability matches. |