| Sigmund Freud | psychoanalysis | | | | Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke (grad student), Hermann Nothnagel (post-doc), Salomon Stricker (grad student) |
| Ernst Marxow | physiology | | | | Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke (grad student) |
| Enrico Sertoli | physiology | | | | Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke (post-doc) |
| Constantin von Economo | Neurology | | 1901 | 1902 | Hermann Nothnagel (post-doc) |
| William MacKenzie | Vision | | | | Georg Joseph Beer (grad student) |
| Christian von Ehrenfels | | | | | Franz Brentano (grad student), Alexius Meinong (grad student) |
| Bernd Kerschner | GABAA receptors, cognitive neuroscience | | 2005 | 2006 | Herbert Bauer (grad student) |
| Johanna Alexopoulos | EEG, Cognitive Neuroscience | | | | Herbert Bauer (grad student) |
| Thomas W. Holstein | | | | | Rupert Riedl (grad student) |
| Igor Dawid | | | | | Otto Hoffmann-Ostenhof (grad student) |
| Alfred Fröhlich | Autonomic nervous system, endocrinology | | 1905 | 1908 | Otto Loewi (research scientist), Hans Horst Meyer (research scientist) |
| Otto Loewi | pharmacology | | 1898 | 1908 | Hans Horst Meyer (research scientist) |
| Ernst Mach | Physics, Philosophy | | 1857 | 1860 | Andreas von Ettingshausen (grad student), Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke (research assistant) |
| Alfonso Giacomo Gaspare Corti | Cochlear anatomy | | | | Josef Hyrtl (grad student) |
| Johannes Attems | Neurodegenerative diseases | | | | Kurt A. Jellinger (post-doc) |
| Theodor Hermann Meynert | Neuroanatomy, psychiatry | | | | Karl Freiherr von Rokitansky (grad student), Carl Wedl (research assistant) |
| Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin | | | | | Gerard van Swieten (grad student) |
| Paul Federn | | | | | Hermann Nothnagel (grad student) |
| Hermann Nunberg | | | | | Julius Wagner von Jauregg (grad student) |
| Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk | | | 1872 | 1876 | Franz Brentano (grad student) |
| Sjoerd De Vries | Psychophysics | | | | Alfred Adler (grad student) |
| Julius Vincenz von Krombholz | forensic and internal medicine | | | 1805 | Georg Joseph Beer (research assistant) |
| Georg Prochaska | Anatomy, ophthalmology | | | 1776 | Anton de Haen (grad student), Joseph Barth (grad student) |
| Ignaz Döllinger | Comparative Development | | | | Joseph Barth (research assistant), Georg Prochaska (research assistant) |
| Salomon Stricker | Histopathology | | | | |
| Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke | Physiology | | | | |
| Eva Schleicher | | | | | |
| Oleh Hornykiewicz | Dopamine, Parkinson's Disease | | | | |
| Harald Tichy | | | | | |
| Herbert Bauer | EEG | | | | |
| Josef Breuer | Psychoanalysis | | | | |
| Hermann Bonitz | philology | | | | |
| Gaurav Goyal | Mushroom body | | | | |
| Sigismund Huck | | | | | |
| Lüder Deecke | | | | | |
| Rumyana Kristeva | Motor Control Neuroscience | | 1988 | 1990 | Lüder Deecke (research scientist) |
| Patrick R.H. Steinmetz | | | | | Ulrich Technau (post-doc) |
| Gerard van Swieten | | | | | |
| Johann von Oppolzer | physiological medicine | | | | |
| Axel Schmid | | | | | |
| Lisa M. Fenk | neurobiology, electrophysiology, visual perception | | | | Axel Schmid (grad student) |
| Gerhard F. Ecker | | | | | |
| Otto Hoffmann-Ostenhof | Biochemistry | | | | |
| Livia Tomova | | | | | Claus Lamm (grad student) |
| Markus Rütgen | | | | | Claus Lamm (grad student) |
| Uta Sailer | | | | | Claus Lamm (research scientist) |
| Birgit Rauchbauer | | | | | Claus Lamm (grad student) |
| Elisabeth Engl | | | | | Claus Lamm (research assistant) |
| Eva-Maria Seidel | | | | | Claus Lamm (post-doc) |
| Thomas Bugnyar | | | | | |
| Daniela Pfabigan | | | | | Claus Lamm (post-doc) |
| Lei Zhang | | | | | Claus Lamm (post-doc) |
| Annabel Vermeer | | | | | Claus Lamm (post-doc) |
| Isabella Wagner | | | | | Claus Lamm (post-doc) |
| Paul Forbes | | | | | Claus Lamm (post-doc) |
| Giorgia Silani | | | | | |
| Claus Lamm | empathy; social neuroscience; self-other distinction; neuroimaging; prosocial behavior; stress | | | | Thomas Bugnyar (collaborator), Giorgia Silani (collaborator) |
| Anton de Haen | clinical medicine | | | | |
| Johannes Regiomontanus | | | | | Georg von Peuerbach (grad student) |
| David Steyrl | Brain-Computer Interfaces, simultaneous EEG-fMRI, spider phobia, exposure therapy, closed-loop neurofeedback, realtime fMEI, machine-learning in psychology, | Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology | 2019 | | Frank Scharnowski (post-doc) |
| Sophia Khom | Alcohol, Synaptic transmission, GABAA receptor | | | | Steffen Hering (grad student) |
| Steffen Hering | | | | | |
| Rudolf Carnap | Philosophy of Science | | | 1926 | Moritz Schlick (post-doc) |
| Olga Kepinska | | | | | Alessandra Cecilia Rampinini (collaborator), Narly A. Golestani (post-doc) |
| Sevil Maghsadhagh | | | | | Narly A. Golestani (grad student) |
| Joseph Škoda | | | | | |
| Ernst Leberecht Wagner | pathology | | | | Joseph Škoda (grad student), Karl Freiherr von Rokitansky (grad student) |
| Manu Rangachari | multiple sclerosis, Tregs, sex differences, immunology | | | | Josef M. Penninger (grad student) |
| Karl Fellinger | | | | | |
| Helmut Schatz | | | 1964 | 1969 | Karl Fellinger (grad student) |
| Martin Breuss | | | | | |
| Rosa M. Maidhof | | | | | |
| Jasmine L Loveland | Neurobiology | | | | Leonida Fusani (post-doc) |
| Joseph Franz | | | | 1734 | Johann Jakob Marinoni (grad student) |
| Josef Hyrtl | anatomy | | | | |
| Oliver Vitouch | decision theory, music psychology, cognitive neurosciences | | | | |
| Ludwig Huber | | | | | Rupert Riedl (grad student) |
| Mario B. Pesendorfer | behavioral ecology, ornithology, seed dispersal, scatter-hoarding, cognition, social learning | Cognition Biology | 2004 | 2007 | Ludwig Huber (grad student) |
| Daniel Liu Bowling | | Cognitive Biology | | | William Tecumseh Sherman Fitch, III (post-doc) |
| Joshua S. Bamford | social bonding, music cognition, music evolution | Cognitive Biology | 2016 | 2017 | Daniel Liu Bowling (research assistant) |
| Abhishek Kulkarni | Drosophila visual system | Department for Neurobiology | 2009 | 2015 | Thomas Hummel (grad student) |
| Roland Beisteiner | | | | | |
| Trinh Nguyen | Developmental Psychology, Social Neuroscience | Developmental Psychology | 2018 | 2022 | Stefanie Hoehl (grad student) |
| Herbert Budka | Pathogenesis of prion diseases | | | | |
| Ernst Fehr | Neuroeconomics | Economics economics | 1980 | 1986 | Alexander van der Bellen (grad student), Gerhard Orosel (grad student) |
| Gerhard Orosel | | | | | |
| Alexander van der Bellen | | | | | |
| Jutta L. Mueller | | | | | |
| Carl Wedl | Histology | | | | |
| Andreas Wanninger | | | | | |
| Egon Brunswik | | Karl Bühler's Psychological Institute | 1921 | 1927 | Karl Bühler (grad student) |
| Hans Kelsen | | | | | |
| Alfred Schutz | sociology, philosophy, phenomenology | Law | | | Hans Kelsen (grad student) |
| Wolfram Weckwerth | | | | | |
| Itamar Lev | | | | | |
| Oriana Salazar Thula | | | | | |
| Mara Andrione | | | | | |
| Kurt A. Jellinger | http://www.biomedexperts.com/Profile.bme/637370/Kurt_A_Jellinger | Neurological Institute | | | Franz Seitelberger (post-doc) |
| Franz Seitelberger | | | | | |
| Surjo R. Soekadar | Neuroscience | Neurology | 2014 | | Lüder Deecke (research scientist) |
| Stefan Schulreich | cognitive neuroscience, decision making, nutrition, social cognition, stress, emotions | | | | |
| Nida Ali | | Psychology | | | Urs Nater (post-doc) |
| Ronald Sladky | | Psychology Psychology | | | Christian Windischberger (grad student), Claus Lamm (research scientist) |
| Emilio Chiappini | | Psychology | | | Giorgia Silani (post-doc) |
| Shawn Geniole | | Psychology | | | Christoph Eisenegger (post-doc) |
| Ekaterina Pronizius | | Psychology | 2019 | | Claus Lamm (grad student) |
| Helena Hartmann | | Psychology | | | Claus Lamm (grad student) |
| Magdalena Boch | | Psychology | | | Claus Lamm (grad student) |
| Federica Riva | | Psychology | | | Claus Lamm (post-doc) |
| Lukas Lengersdorff | | Psychology | | | Claus Lamm (grad student) |
| Stefanie Hoehl | | | | | |
| Jonas P Nitschke | | Psychology | 2021 | | Claus Lamm (post-doc) |
| Manuel Kuhn | affective processes and disorders, defensive responding, fear, anxiety, stress | SCAN Unit | | | Claus Lamm (grad student) |
| Lei Zhang | | School of Psychology | 2019 | | Claus Lamm (post-doc) |
| Arvina Grahl | | Social, Cognitive, and Affective Neuroscience Unit | 2012 | 2014 | Claus Lamm (research assistant) |
| Robert Konrat | | | | | |
| Morkos Henen | Molecular biology, chemistry | Structural Biology | 2009 | 2012 | Robert Konrat (grad student) |